{ "schema": "displacement.ai/occupations@v1", "description": "AI job displacement scores for 620 occupations: task exposure, automation, augmentation, displacement pressure, transition feasibility, wage context, and safer career paths. Scores are planning signals, not forecasts.", "model": { "label": "Seed model v0.4", "updated": "2026-05-02", "description": "Directional occupation-level planning model using hand-reviewed public research, task exposure estimates, wage context, and transition-pathway assumptions.", "caveat": "Scores are planning signals, not forecasts. Local hiring demand, employer-specific workflows, licensing, and credentials must be validated before making career decisions." }, "evidence": { "audited": "2026-08-28", "onet": "31.0 (August 2026)", "blsOews": "May 2025", "blsMedianWageCoverage": "602/620", "geography": "United States" }, "scale": "0-100 (automation, augmentation, confidence are percentages). Risk bands: very_high 70+, high 55-69, moderate 35-54, low <35 displacement pressure.", "count": 620, "license": "Free to use with attribution: displacement.ai", "occupations": [ { "slug": "data-entry-keyers", "title": "Data Entry Keyers", "soc": "43-9021", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$41,340", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 127080, "blsSoc": "43-9021" }, "employment": "Large but shrinking clerical base", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Routine structured entry, duplicate checks, and record transfer are highly exposed to direct automation. The strongest transition path moves workers from keystroke volume into data quality, exception handling, and workflow support.", "caveat": "High exposure does not mean every data-entry job disappears at once. Adoption depends on data quality, legacy systems, security constraints, and whether employers keep humans in exception-handling loops.", "scores": { "exposure": 92, "automation": 78, "augmentation": 18, "displacementPressure": 86, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 76, "confidence": 74 }, "riskBand": "very_high", "riskLabel": "Very High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Enter structured records", "exposure": 96, "automation": 88, "augmentation": 16, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Validate duplicates", "exposure": 88, "automation": 76, "augmentation": 24, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Handle exceptions", "exposure": 48, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Coordinate missing inputs", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 47, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Data quality checks", "CRM operations", "Process documentation", "Exception triage" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Lower median wage buffer", "Adjacent admin pathways remain viable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Data Quality Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 82, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Practice spreadsheet validation", "Learn SQL basics", "Document recurring data errors" ] }, { "title": "Records Systems Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 76, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Own exception queues", "Maintain field definitions", "Create quality dashboards" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/data-entry-keyers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/data-entry-keyers.json" } }, { "slug": "bookkeeping-accounting-auditing-clerks", "title": "Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks", "soc": "43-3031", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$50,670", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1373680, "blsSoc": "43-3031" }, "employment": "High employment with strong software exposure", "education": "Some college or postsecondary certificate common", "summary": "Invoice matching, reconciliations, and routine reporting are exposed to automation. Judgment around controls, vendor context, audit trails, and anomaly escalation can become more valuable.", "caveat": "Accounting systems vary widely. Risk rises when workflows are standardized and falls when regulatory, customer, or exception context remains high.", "scores": { "exposure": 78, "automation": 59, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 71, "transitionFeasibility": 67, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 72 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Match invoices", "exposure": 82, "automation": 69, "augmentation": 28, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Reconcile accounts", "exposure": 74, "automation": 57, "augmentation": 39, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare routine reports", "exposure": 62, "automation": 45, "augmentation": 51, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Investigate anomalies", "exposure": 41, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 63, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Controls testing", "Vendor operations", "Spreadsheet automation", "Audit support" ], "marketSignals": [ "Medium displacement pressure", "Demand for control literacy", "Good bridge into analyst roles" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Accounts Payable Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 88, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own exception resolution", "Learn workflow automation", "Build controls checklists" ] }, { "title": "Internal Controls Associate", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 92, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study audit basics", "Document control gaps", "Partner with finance systems teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/bookkeeping-accounting-auditing-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/bookkeeping-accounting-auditing-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "customer-service-representatives", "title": "Customer Service Representatives", "soc": "43-4051", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$44,770", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2595750, "blsSoc": "43-4051" }, "employment": "Large exposed frontline workforce", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Scripted inquiries, routing, and knowledge-base answers are highly exposed. Complex escalation, retention, empathy, and account context remain the transition anchors.", "caveat": "Automation can reduce contact volume while increasing complexity for remaining agents. Workforce impact depends on service design and retention goals.", "scores": { "exposure": 73, "automation": 57, "augmentation": 39, "displacementPressure": 73, "transitionFeasibility": 61, "wageVulnerability": 79, "confidence": 70 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Answer common questions", "exposure": 86, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 30, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Classify tickets", "exposure": 78, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 34, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve account issues", "exposure": 49, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "De-escalate complaints", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Escalation handling", "Conversation QA", "Knowledge-base design", "Retention workflows" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "AI supervision roles emerging", "Wage protection is critical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Support Operations Analyst", "type": "supervisory_ai_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 86, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Review bot transcripts", "Tag failure modes", "Measure containment quality" ] }, { "title": "Customer Success Associate", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 71, "wagePreservation": 90, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Practice account planning", "Build product fluency", "Track expansion and retention signals" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/customer-service-representatives/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/customer-service-representatives.json" } }, { "slug": "market-research-analysts", "title": "Market Research Analysts", "soc": "13-1161", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$78,760", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 899580, "blsSoc": "13-1161" }, "employment": "Growing knowledge-work role", "education": "Bachelor's degree", "summary": "Summarization, draft segmentation, and desk research are exposed, but domain judgment, study design, stakeholder context, and synthesis make this a strong augmentation case.", "caveat": "The role changes most where analysis is treated as report production. It is more resilient where analysts own framing, interpretation, and decisions.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 37, "augmentation": 61, "displacementPressure": 45, "transitionFeasibility": 76, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Summarize survey responses", "exposure": 72, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Draft audience segments", "exposure": 58, "automation": 35, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Design research plan", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise stakeholders", "exposure": 25, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Prompted analysis", "Research design", "Narrative synthesis", "Experiment framing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "High productivity upside", "Human validation remains important" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Insights Strategist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead stakeholder framing", "Design decision-ready artifacts", "Validate model-generated themes" ] }, { "title": "User Researcher", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 98, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Practice interview guides", "Build usability test plans", "Synthesize mixed evidence" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/market-research-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/market-research-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "software-developers", "title": "Software Developers", "soc": "15-1252", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$135,980", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1687890, "blsSoc": "15-1252" }, "employment": "High wage, high augmentation exposure", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Code generation changes the junior task bundle, but architecture, debugging, security, product judgment, and system ownership keep the role augmentation-heavy.", "caveat": "Displacement risk is uneven inside the occupation. Entry-level work and boilerplate-heavy teams may change faster than ownership-heavy engineering roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 63, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 74, "displacementPressure": 39, "transitionFeasibility": 82, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Generate boilerplate", "exposure": 83, "automation": 57, "augmentation": 76, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Write tests", "exposure": 66, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 71, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Debug production issues", "exposure": 38, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Design architecture", "exposure": 22, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "AI pair programming", "Code review", "System design", "Security reasoning" ], "marketSignals": [ "Junior task bundle is exposed", "Demand favors product-aware builders", "Tool fluency matters" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "AI Platform Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Ship internal AI tooling", "Evaluate model failure modes", "Own secure deployment patterns" ] }, { "title": "Security Automation Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 61, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Automate code scanning", "Review AI-generated patches", "Study threat modeling" ] } ], "sources": [ "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/software-developers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/software-developers.json" } }, { "slug": "registered-nurses", "title": "Registered Nurses", "soc": "29-1141", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$97,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3379720, "blsSoc": "29-1141" }, "employment": "Persistent labor shortage with documentation burden", "education": "Bachelor's degree or associate degree", "summary": "Documentation and administrative follow-up can change quickly, but hands-on care, clinical judgment, licensing, and patient trust constrain direct replacement.", "caveat": "AI can change workflow without reducing staffing needs. The highest near-term impact is documentation relief and triage support, not full role automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft visit notes", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Patient education", "exposure": 42, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Medication review", "exposure": 31, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Direct care", "exposure": 9, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 15, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical documentation", "Care coordination", "AI safety checks", "Patient communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "High documentation relief", "Regulation and trust constraints" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Informatics Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 103, "trainingMonths": "6-18", "actions": [ "Learn EHR workflows", "Audit AI note quality", "Bridge clinical and technical teams" ] }, { "title": "Care Coordination Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 79, "wagePreservation": 98, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage patient follow-up", "Use AI to flag gaps", "Coordinate interdisciplinary care" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/registered-nurses/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/registered-nurses.json" } }, { "slug": "elementary-school-teachers", "title": "Elementary School Teachers", "soc": "25-2021", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$63,970", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1388390, "blsSoc": "25-2021" }, "employment": "Large public-service workforce", "education": "Bachelor's degree and state license", "summary": "Lesson prep, differentiated materials, and feedback loops are augmentable. Classroom management, care, student relationships, and local accountability remain central.", "caveat": "AI may change prep time and instructional materials faster than staffing levels. Privacy, age-appropriate use, and local policy matter heavily.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft lesson materials", "exposure": 68, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Differentiate worksheets", "exposure": 61, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Grade routine work", "exposure": 46, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 55, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Classroom facilitation", "exposure": 12, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 24, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "AI-assisted planning", "Learning assessment", "Family communication", "Student support" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "High workload relief", "Policy and privacy constraints" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Instructional Designer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build learning modules", "Measure outcomes", "Apply accessibility standards" ] }, { "title": "Learning Technology Coach", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 95, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Pilot classroom tools", "Train teachers", "Create privacy-safe use policies" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/elementary-school-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/elementary-school-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "machinists", "title": "Machinists", "soc": "51-4041", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$58,750", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 287050, "blsSoc": "51-4041" }, "employment": "Skilled physical production role", "education": "High school diploma plus apprenticeship or training", "summary": "Physical production limits pure software substitution, while setup optimization, maintenance planning, and quality analytics can augment skilled operators.", "caveat": "Capital investment, shop-floor equipment, safety rules, and local manufacturing demand drive timing more than generic AI capability.", "scores": { "exposure": 35, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 33, "displacementPressure": 31, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect finished parts", "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 48, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Plan tool paths", "exposure": 39, "automation": 23, "augmentation": 53, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Set up machines", "exposure": 24, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 29, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Manual adjustments", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "CNC programming", "Predictive maintenance", "Quality analytics", "Safety procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Capital investment drives timing", "Upskilling is equipment-specific" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "CNC Programmer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn CAM software", "Document setup recipes", "Analyze scrap and tolerance data" ] }, { "title": "Quality Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 67, "wagePreservation": 98, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Use inspection data", "Track defects", "Maintain process-control charts" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/machinists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/machinists.json" } }, { "slug": "paralegals-legal-assistants", "title": "Paralegals and Legal Assistants", "soc": "23-2011", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Legal", "medianWage": "$62,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 392880, "blsSoc": "23-2011" }, "employment": "Large professional support role with document-heavy workflows", "education": "Associate degree or certificate common", "summary": "Document review, drafting, and research are exposed to AI assistance, while case context, client communication, attorney supervision, and jurisdiction-specific process remain important anchors.", "caveat": "Risk depends heavily on practice area, firm size, data sensitivity, and whether AI tools are approved for privileged material.", "scores": { "exposure": 71, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 55, "displacementPressure": 61, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 45, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Review legal documents", "exposure": 82, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Draft routine filings", "exposure": 76, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 64, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Maintain case calendars", "exposure": 55, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Coordinate clients and attorneys", "exposure": 31, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Legal research", "Document review QA", "Case management", "Client coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "High document exposure", "Practice-area knowledge matters", "Good bridge into compliance operations" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Legal Operations Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Map intake workflows", "Audit AI-assisted document review", "Create matter dashboards" ] }, { "title": "Compliance Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 69, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Document control requirements", "Review policy exceptions", "Build risk checklists" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/paralegals-legal-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/paralegals-legal-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "human-resources-specialists", "title": "Human Resources Specialists", "soc": "13-1071", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$75,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 912430, "blsSoc": "13-1071" }, "employment": "Broad corporate role with recruiting and employee-process exposure", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Resume screening, policy answers, and first-draft communications can be automated or augmented, but employee relations, hiring judgment, trust, and process design keep the role human-centered.", "caveat": "Legal rules, bias risk, and company policy make full automation sensitive. The strongest changes are workflow redesign and better decision support.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 35, "augmentation": 59, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 78, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Screen resumes", "exposure": 76, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Answer policy questions", "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Coordinate hiring process", "exposure": 45, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Handle employee relations", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "People analytics", "Process design", "Employee relations", "AI bias review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate automation pressure", "High augmentation upside", "Trust and compliance are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "People Operations Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 105, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build HR dashboards", "Audit recruiting funnels", "Document policy automation limits" ] }, { "title": "Talent Systems Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Configure ATS workflows", "Improve candidate data quality", "Measure hiring cycle times" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/human-resources-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/human-resources-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "graphic-designers", "title": "Graphic Designers", "soc": "27-1024", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$62,960", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 197830, "blsSoc": "27-1024" }, "employment": "Creative role facing rapid generative-tool adoption", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Asset variation, layout drafts, and production design are exposed, while brand judgment, creative direction, client interpretation, and systems thinking become more important.", "caveat": "Freelance and production-heavy work can shift faster than strategic brand, product, and design-system roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 64, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 63, "displacementPressure": 55, "transitionFeasibility": 73, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Create design variations", "exposure": 84, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Prepare production assets", "exposure": 70, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Interpret brand direction", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Present creative rationale", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 35, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Creative direction", "Design systems", "AI image workflows", "Client presentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Production work is exposed", "Tool fluency matters", "Strategy and systems protect value" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Brand Systems Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build reusable brand components", "Document AI asset rules", "Create design QA checklists" ] }, { "title": "Product Designer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn interaction design", "Prototype user flows", "Build a case-study portfolio" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/graphic-designers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/graphic-designers.json" } }, { "slug": "electricians", "title": "Electricians", "soc": "47-2111", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$63,190", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 757220, "blsSoc": "47-2111" }, "employment": "Skilled licensed trade with physical and local-demand constraints", "education": "Apprenticeship or technical training", "summary": "Hands-on installation, safety, code compliance, and field troubleshooting make direct AI replacement unlikely, while estimating, diagnostics, and documentation can improve with tools.", "caveat": "Local licensing, construction demand, and apprenticeship access matter more than generic AI capability.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 31, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 69, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install wiring and fixtures", "exposure": 10, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Troubleshoot faults", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Read plans and codes", "exposure": 38, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Document work orders", "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 55, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Code compliance", "Field diagnostics", "Safety procedures", "Smart building systems" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low AI displacement pressure", "Credential barriers protect work", "Energy transition can support demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Smart Building Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Learn building controls", "Document diagnostic workflows", "Study low-voltage systems" ] }, { "title": "Electrical Estimator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Use estimating software", "Create material takeoffs", "Review job-cost variance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/electricians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/electricians.json" } }, { "slug": "sales-representatives-wholesale-manufacturing", "title": "Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing", "soc": "41-4012", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$72,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1238190, "blsSoc": "41-4012" }, "employment": "Large relationship-driven sales role with AI-assisted prospecting", "education": "High school diploma to bachelor's degree varies", "summary": "Lead research, outreach drafts, and CRM updates are augmentable, but territory knowledge, negotiation, trust, and account strategy remain central.", "caveat": "Transactional sales can automate faster than complex B2B, technical, or relationship-heavy sales.", "scores": { "exposure": 49, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 57, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 76, "wageVulnerability": 39, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Research prospects", "exposure": 72, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Draft outreach", "exposure": 68, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Negotiate terms", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain CRM records", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Account planning", "CRM hygiene", "Sales analytics", "Negotiation" ], "marketSignals": [ "AI improves productivity", "Relationship context protects work", "Tool fluency raises output expectations" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Revenue Operations Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Clean CRM data", "Build pipeline dashboards", "Analyze conversion bottlenecks" ] }, { "title": "Customer Success Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Map account health", "Practice renewal planning", "Create stakeholder maps" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/sales-representatives-wholesale-manufacturing/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/sales-representatives-wholesale-manufacturing.json" } }, { "slug": "retail-salespersons", "title": "Retail Salespersons", "soc": "41-2031", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$35,410", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3897860, "blsSoc": "41-2031" }, "employment": "Large frontline workforce with uneven automation exposure", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Product questions, checkout, inventory lookup, and scripted service can be augmented or automated. In-person trust, merchandising judgment, local customer knowledge, and service recovery remain important anchors.", "caveat": "Risk varies sharply by store format. Self-checkout, ecommerce substitution, and scheduling software matter more in standardized environments than in consultative retail.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 58, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 82, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Answer product questions", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 58, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Process transactions", "exposure": 72, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 18, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Merchandise displays", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Handle service recovery", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Customer trust", "Product fluency", "Visual merchandising", "Store operations" ], "marketSignals": [ "Large exposed workforce", "Wage vulnerability is high", "Customer-facing skills transfer well" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Customer Success Associate", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Write account follow-up notes", "Practice renewal conversations", "Learn CRM pipeline basics" ] }, { "title": "Retail Operations Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Track inventory exceptions", "Document store workflow issues", "Build weekly operations dashboards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/retail-salespersons/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/retail-salespersons.json" } }, { "slug": "fast-food-counter-workers", "title": "Fast Food and Counter Workers", "soc": "35-3023", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$31,200", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3854050, "blsSoc": "35-3023" }, "employment": "Large service workforce with ordering and scheduling exposure", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Kiosk ordering, drive-through voice systems, scheduling tools, and prep automation can reduce routine counter work. Reliability, shift leadership, food safety, and customer recovery remain more resilient.", "caveat": "Physical constraints and franchise economics slow some automation, but wage vulnerability and high turnover make redesign pressure persistent.", "scores": { "exposure": 47, "automation": 39, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 88, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Take routine orders", "exposure": 76, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 16, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Prepare standard items", "exposure": 42, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Handle rush exceptions", "exposure": 28, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Follow food safety steps", "exposure": 36, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 34, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Shift reliability", "Food safety", "Customer recovery", "Workflow discipline" ], "marketSignals": [ "Automation pressure in ordering", "High wage vulnerability", "Supervisor bridge remains practical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Shift Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own shift handoff notes", "Track service bottlenecks", "Practice coaching new hires" ] }, { "title": "Facilities or Inventory Assistant", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Document stock movement", "Learn basic maintenance logs", "Build safety checklist habits" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fast-food-counter-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fast-food-counter-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-assistants", "title": "Medical Assistants", "soc": "31-9092", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$45,690", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 817870, "blsSoc": "31-9092" }, "employment": "Large healthcare support role with durable hands-on demand", "education": "Postsecondary nondegree award common", "summary": "Scheduling, chart preparation, and patient messaging can be augmented. Hands-on care, rooming patients, vital signs, specimen handling, and local clinical protocols keep the role comparatively resilient.", "caveat": "Administrative-heavy clinics will automate faster than roles with direct patient contact and regulated clinical workflows.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 49, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare charts", "exposure": 66, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Room patients", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record vitals", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 34, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Coordinate follow-ups", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Patient coordination", "Clinical documentation", "Vitals workflow", "Compliance habits" ], "marketSignals": [ "Hands-on demand remains resilient", "AI assists documentation", "Credentials and scope rules matter" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Care Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Map follow-up workflows", "Practice patient outreach scripts", "Track care gaps" ] }, { "title": "Licensed Practical Nurse", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "12-18", "actions": [ "Check state licensing rules", "Complete prerequisite planning", "Shadow nursing workflows" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "project-management-specialists", "title": "Project Management Specialists", "soc": "13-1082", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$102,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1066670, "blsSoc": "13-1082" }, "employment": "Broad cross-industry coordination role", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Status reporting, meeting summaries, dependency tracking, and draft plans are strong augmentation cases. Human negotiation, sequencing, tradeoff calls, and stakeholder trust remain the core value.", "caveat": "Project coordinators who mainly produce status artifacts face more redesign pressure than project leaders who own decisions and escalation.", "scores": { "exposure": 51, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 37, "transitionFeasibility": 78, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft status reports", "exposure": 70, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 76, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Track dependencies", "exposure": 58, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve tradeoffs", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Facilitate planning", "exposure": 36, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Stakeholder management", "Dependency mapping", "Risk registers", "Decision logs" ], "marketSignals": [ "High augmentation upside", "Coordination remains valuable", "AI raises expectations for throughput" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "AI Program Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Build AI project intake rules", "Define risk review gates", "Create adoption dashboards" ] }, { "title": "Product Operations Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Standardize feedback loops", "Document launch rituals", "Analyze roadmap bottlenecks" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/project-management-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/project-management-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "information-security-analysts", "title": "Information Security Analysts", "soc": "15-1212", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$129,180", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 190650, "blsSoc": "15-1212" }, "employment": "High-demand technical risk role", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Alert triage, report drafting, detection tuning, and policy review can be accelerated by AI. Accountability, incident command, adversarial reasoning, and environment-specific context keep the role resilient.", "caveat": "Entry-level security work can be compressed by better tooling. Progression depends on practical labs, incident judgment, and system fluency.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Triage alerts", "exposure": 66, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 76, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Draft incident notes", "exposure": 62, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Tune detections", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Lead response", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Security monitoring", "Incident response", "Threat modeling", "Detection engineering" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI increases analyst leverage", "Hands-on labs matter" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Security Operations Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete SOC labs", "Write incident summaries", "Practice log investigation" ] }, { "title": "Governance, Risk, and Compliance Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 90, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Map controls to evidence", "Review policy exceptions", "Build audit-ready checklists" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/information-security-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/information-security-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "cashiers", "title": "Cashiers", "soc": "41-2011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$32,880", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3089410, "blsSoc": "41-2011" }, "employment": "Very large frontline role with self-checkout and kiosk exposure", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Transaction scanning, payment handling, price lookup, and routine customer routing are highly exposed to self-checkout, kiosks, and computer vision workflows. Service recovery, trust, store knowledge, and shift reliability remain the strongest anchors.", "caveat": "Automation adoption varies by store format, shrink risk, customer demographics, and labor availability. The safest move is usually toward service, operations, or shift leadership rather than another pure transaction role.", "scores": { "exposure": 64, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 18, "displacementPressure": 78, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 90, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Scan items and process payment", "exposure": 88, "automation": 76, "augmentation": 12, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve price exceptions", "exposure": 54, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 42, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Handle customer issues", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain checkout flow", "exposure": 42, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Service recovery", "Store operations", "Inventory awareness", "Shift reliability" ], "marketSignals": [ "High self-checkout pressure", "Wage vulnerability is high", "Operations bridge is practical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Retail Operations Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Track checkout exceptions", "Document shrink patterns", "Build opening and closing checklists" ] }, { "title": "Customer Success Associate", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 138, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Practice customer follow-up notes", "Learn CRM basics", "Translate service recovery into account support" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cashiers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cashiers.json" } }, { "slug": "receptionists-information-clerks", "title": "Receptionists and Information Clerks", "soc": "43-4171", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$38,010", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 910180, "blsSoc": "43-4171" }, "employment": "Large administrative role exposed to scheduling and routing automation", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Appointment scheduling, call routing, visitor instructions, and routine intake are exposed to AI agents and workflow software. Trust, escalation judgment, local context, and office operations coordination remain defensible.", "caveat": "Roles that combine reception with office operations, compliance, billing, or patient/client coordination are more resilient than pure call-routing roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 70, "automation": 51, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 69, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 78, "confidence": 69 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Schedule appointments", "exposure": 82, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 42, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Route calls and visitors", "exposure": 76, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 34, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Handle sensitive exceptions", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain office records", "exposure": 58, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 46, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Office coordination", "Calendar operations", "Client intake", "Exception handling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Scheduling automation pressure", "Coordination skills transfer well", "Healthcare and legal intake remain viable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Office Operations Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own vendor and calendar workflows", "Document intake exceptions", "Build office process checklists" ] }, { "title": "Patient Access Representative", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Learn insurance intake basics", "Practice privacy-safe handoffs", "Track appointment follow-up gaps" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/receptionists-information-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/receptionists-information-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "secretaries-administrative-assistants", "title": "Secretaries and Administrative Assistants", "soc": "43-6014", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$47,540", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1706790, "blsSoc": "43-6014" }, "employment": "Broad administrative role with high document and scheduling exposure", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Calendar management, drafting, formatting, travel planning, note summaries, and routine follow-ups are exposed to AI assistants. Executive context, prioritization, confidentiality, and process ownership remain the transition anchors.", "caveat": "The role is most vulnerable when it is treated as task execution. It is more resilient when assistants own workflows, stakeholder coordination, and sensitive prioritization.", "scores": { "exposure": 76, "automation": 55, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 72, "transitionFeasibility": 73, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 71 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft routine messages", "exposure": 86, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Manage calendars", "exposure": 72, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare meeting notes", "exposure": 78, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 64, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Handle confidential priorities", "exposure": 34, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Executive coordination", "Workflow documentation", "Meeting operations", "Confidential communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "High AI assistant exposure", "Workflow ownership protects value", "Operations pathways are strong" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Executive Operations Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 82, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build meeting operating rhythms", "Create decision logs", "Own follow-up dashboards" ] }, { "title": "Project Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Track dependencies", "Write status updates", "Maintain risk and issue logs" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/secretaries-administrative-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/secretaries-administrative-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "writers-authors", "title": "Writers and Authors", "soc": "27-3043", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$76,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 47940, "blsSoc": "27-3043" }, "employment": "Creative and commercial writing role with very high generative AI exposure", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Drafting, summarization, outlines, headlines, product copy, and content variations are highly exposed to generative AI. Original reporting, taste, editorial judgment, audience trust, and subject-matter expertise become more important.", "caveat": "Commodity writing is more vulnerable than expert, reported, strategic, or voice-dependent work. Writers need proof of judgment and distribution, not just production volume.", "scores": { "exposure": 88, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 74, "displacementPressure": 74, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 70 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft first-pass copy", "exposure": 96, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 86, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Summarize source material", "exposure": 90, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 82, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Interview sources", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Set editorial strategy", "exposure": 42, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Editorial judgment", "Subject-matter expertise", "Audience development", "AI-assisted editing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high generative AI exposure", "Expertise and voice protect value", "Distribution skills matter" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Content Strategist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build content briefs", "Analyze search intent", "Create editorial quality standards" ] }, { "title": "Technical Writer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Document product workflows", "Practice API documentation", "Build a user-guide portfolio" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/writers-authors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/writers-authors.json" } }, { "slug": "translators-interpreters", "title": "Interpreters and Translators", "soc": "27-3091", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$60,170", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 52060, "blsSoc": "27-3091" }, "employment": "Language role with high machine translation exposure", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Text translation, captioning, and routine localization are highly exposed to machine translation and speech systems. Live interpretation, legal/medical nuance, cultural adaptation, and quality review remain more defensible.", "caveat": "Low-context translation is much more vulnerable than certified, live, specialized, or culturally sensitive work with accountability requirements.", "scores": { "exposure": 84, "automation": 61, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 76, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Translate routine documents", "exposure": 94, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Localize marketing copy", "exposure": 78, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Interpret live conversations", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Review sensitive translations", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Specialized terminology", "Localization QA", "Live interpretation", "Cultural adaptation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Machine translation pressure is high", "Specialization protects rates", "Review and QA roles grow" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Localization Quality Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 82, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Create translation QA rubrics", "Review machine output", "Document terminology rules" ] }, { "title": "Medical or Legal Interpreter", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Check certification requirements", "Build terminology glossaries", "Practice high-stakes scenarios" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/translators-interpreters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/translators-interpreters.json" } }, { "slug": "loan-officers", "title": "Loan Officers", "soc": "13-2072", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$76,690", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 274330, "blsSoc": "13-2072" }, "employment": "Finance role exposed to automated underwriting and document review", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Application intake, document review, credit summaries, and routine eligibility checks are exposed to automated underwriting. Relationship management, exception judgment, compliance, and borrower trust remain important.", "caveat": "Automation pressure is highest in standardized products. Complex lending, advisory relationships, and regulated exceptions retain more human value.", "scores": { "exposure": 68, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 60, "transitionFeasibility": 67, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Review applications", "exposure": 76, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Summarize credit files", "exposure": 72, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise borrowers", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Handle policy exceptions", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Credit analysis", "Borrower advising", "Compliance review", "Pipeline management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Automated underwriting pressure", "Advisory trust remains valuable", "Compliance literacy protects work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Credit Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build credit memo samples", "Analyze risk exceptions", "Document underwriting rationale" ] }, { "title": "Lending Operations Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 98, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Map loan workflow bottlenecks", "Create compliance checklists", "Track application cycle times" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/loan-officers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/loan-officers.json" } }, { "slug": "stockers-order-fillers", "title": "Stockers and Order Fillers", "soc": "53-7065", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$37,330", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2833810, "blsSoc": "53-7065" }, "employment": "Large logistics and retail operations role with warehouse automation exposure", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Picking routes, inventory lookup, replenishment priorities, and warehouse slotting are increasingly shaped by software and robotics. Physical execution, exception handling, safety, and equipment operation remain important.", "caveat": "Automation depends heavily on facility design and capital spending. Workers who move toward inventory control, equipment operation, or safety coordination are better positioned.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 54, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 74, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Pick and stage orders", "exposure": 50, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check inventory systems", "exposure": 62, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 42, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve stock exceptions", "exposure": 38, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain safe movement", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Inventory control", "Warehouse systems", "Safety procedures", "Exception handling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Warehouse automation is uneven", "Inventory systems skills transfer", "Safety and equipment skills matter" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Inventory Control Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Audit cycle count errors", "Learn warehouse management systems", "Document stock exception causes" ] }, { "title": "Logistics Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Track shipments", "Build routing spreadsheets", "Practice vendor communication" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/stockers-order-fillers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/stockers-order-fillers.json" } }, { "slug": "accountants-auditors", "title": "Accountants and Auditors", "soc": "13-2011", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$83,680", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1449500, "blsSoc": "13-2011" }, "employment": "Very large professional base with steady replacement demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree; CPA for audit and attestation work", "summary": "Transaction coding, reconciliation review, and first-draft reporting are increasingly handled by AI inside accounting platforms. Advisory judgment, controls ownership, attestation, and client communication remain the durable core, so the role is reshaping toward review and assurance rather than disappearing.", "caveat": "CPA licensure, audit liability, and regulatory accountability keep humans responsible for opinions and filings. Exposure concentrates in junior preparation work, not in signed judgment.", "scores": { "exposure": 67, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and code routine journal entries", "exposure": 84, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 26, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Draft periodic financial reports", "exposure": 72, "automation": 51, "augmentation": 47, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Test controls and investigate exceptions", "exposure": 52, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 64, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Advise clients on treatment and planning", "exposure": 38, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 67, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Controls and assurance judgment", "Accounting platform automation", "Anomaly investigation", "Client advisory communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Preparation work consolidating under automation", "Advisory and assurance demand holding", "Strong analyst-track mobility" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Financial Operations Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 88, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Automate one recurring close workflow", "Build an exception-tracking dashboard", "Document control points for an end-to-end process" ] }, { "title": "Internal Audit and Controls Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 92, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead a controls walkthrough", "Map automation risk in a finance process", "Practice writing audit findings with evidence" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/accountants-auditors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/accountants-auditors.json" } }, { "slug": "financial-analysts", "title": "Financial Analysts", "soc": "13-2051", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$102,740", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 361980, "blsSoc": "13-2051" }, "employment": "Large analyst base across banking, corporate finance, and asset management", "education": "Bachelor's degree; CFA or MBA common for advancement", "summary": "Data gathering, model maintenance, and first-draft commentary compress sharply under AI assistance. The role tilts toward framing questions, challenging model output, and defending recommendations to decision-makers, which raises the bar for junior entry while augmenting experienced analysts.", "caveat": "Investment decisions carry fiduciary and reputational accountability. Firms keep humans responsible for recommendations even when models draft the analysis underneath them.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 43, "transitionFeasibility": 78, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Gather and clean financial data", "exposure": 82, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Maintain valuation and forecast models", "exposure": 70, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Draft research notes and commentary", "exposure": 74, "automation": 49, "augmentation": 53, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Defend recommendations to stakeholders", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 62, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Model interrogation and validation", "Scenario framing", "Sector judgment", "Decision-ready communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Junior research tasks compressing", "Premium on judgment and accountability", "AI-assisted coverage widening per analyst" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Strategic Finance Partner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 94, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Own one business-unit forecast end to end", "Present a decision memo to operators", "Pair model output with explicit assumptions and risks" ] }, { "title": "Risk and Portfolio Analytics Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 90, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build a stress-test scenario set", "Learn a risk platform used in your sector", "Document model limitations for one strategy" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/financial-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/financial-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "tax-preparers", "title": "Tax Preparers", "soc": "13-2082", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$54,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 76480, "blsSoc": "13-2082" }, "employment": "Seasonal consumer base with heavy software substitution", "education": "High school diploma plus tax certification; PTIN required", "summary": "Standard individual returns are the textbook case for document-driven automation: intake, classification, and form preparation are increasingly completed by software with AI review. Complex filings, representation, and planning conversations are where human preparers retain clear value.", "caveat": "Liability for filings, IRS representation rights, and trust in handling sensitive finances keep credentialed preparers relevant, especially for complex or high-stakes returns.", "scores": { "exposure": 81, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 74, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 70 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare standard individual returns", "exposure": 90, "automation": 76, "augmentation": 22, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Classify documents and receipts", "exposure": 86, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 24, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve ambiguous tax positions", "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Advise clients on planning decisions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Complex-return expertise", "IRS representation", "Advisory conversations", "Tax software fluency" ], "marketSignals": [ "Consumer software absorbing simple returns", "Complex and small-business work holding", "Credential ladder (EA/CPA) preserves wages" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Enrolled Agent Tax Advisor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 84, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Sit for the Enrolled Agent exam", "Take on one representation case", "Build a planning-review checklist for clients" ] }, { "title": "Small-Business Accounting Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 88, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn payroll and sales-tax workflows", "Automate bookkeeping intake for one client", "Package quarterly advisory check-ins" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tax-preparers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tax-preparers.json" } }, { "slug": "claims-adjusters", "title": "Claims Adjusters, Examiners, and Investigators", "soc": "13-1031", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$78,000", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 324230, "blsSoc": "13-1031" }, "employment": "Large insurance workforce under straight-through-processing pressure", "education": "High school to bachelor's; state licensing varies by line", "summary": "Document review, damage estimation from photos, and routine claim decisions are moving into automated pipelines. Contested claims, fraud investigation, catastrophe response, and empathetic communication during loss remain strongly human, so the role concentrates into its hardest cases.", "caveat": "Insurance is regulated state by state, and bad-faith liability makes carriers cautious about full automation. Humans stay accountable for denials and complex settlements.", "scores": { "exposure": 70, "automation": 47, "augmentation": 53, "displacementPressure": 61, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Review claim documents and coverage", "exposure": 80, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 36, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Estimate damage from evidence", "exposure": 72, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Investigate suspicious claims", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Negotiate settlements with claimants", "exposure": 36, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Complex-claim judgment", "Fraud-signal investigation", "Negotiation under stress", "Coverage interpretation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Straight-through processing expanding for simple claims", "Complex and litigated claims still human-led", "Catastrophe surge demand persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Special Investigations Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 90, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Study fraud-detection red flags", "Shadow an SIU case end to end", "Document an investigation with defensible evidence" ] }, { "title": "Claims Operations and Automation Lead", "type": "supervisory_ai_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 92, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Map which claim types are safely automatable", "Define escalation rules for edge cases", "Track decision quality of automated pipelines" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/claims-adjusters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/claims-adjusters.json" } }, { "slug": "insurance-underwriters", "title": "Insurance Underwriters", "soc": "13-2053", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$81,370", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 105420, "blsSoc": "13-2053" }, "employment": "Mid-sized professional base that employer surveys flag as declining", "education": "Bachelor's degree; CPCU and line-specific designations valued", "summary": "Personal-lines risk scoring is already largely algorithmic, and AI extends that reach into small-commercial underwriting. Complex commercial, specialty, and excess lines still depend on negotiated judgment, broker relationships, and portfolio strategy, which is where underwriters should move.", "caveat": "Rate filings, actuarial governance, and anti-discrimination rules constrain what models may decide alone. Accountability for portfolio results keeps senior underwriters in the loop.", "scores": { "exposure": 74, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 66, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Score routine personal-lines applications", "exposure": 88, "automation": 74, "augmentation": 22, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Assess small-commercial submissions", "exposure": 70, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Structure complex or specialty risks", "exposure": 42, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Negotiate terms with brokers", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Specialty-risk judgment", "Portfolio analytics", "Broker relationship management", "Model governance literacy" ], "marketSignals": [ "Employer surveys rank underwriting among declining roles", "Specialty and excess lines remain judgment-heavy", "Model-oversight roles emerging" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Commercial Specialty Underwriter", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 82, "wagePreservation": 95, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Pursue a CPCU or specialty designation", "Build referral depth in one complex line", "Develop broker relationships beyond submission flow" ] }, { "title": "Underwriting Model Governance Analyst", "type": "supervisory_ai_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 90, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Learn model-risk basics for insurance", "Audit automated decisions for one product", "Define override and escalation criteria" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/insurance-underwriters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/insurance-underwriters.json" } }, { "slug": "computer-programmers", "title": "Computer Programmers", "soc": "15-1251", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$100,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 92230, "blsSoc": "15-1251" }, "employment": "Declining occupation distinct from software developers in BLS data", "education": "Bachelor's degree typical; portfolios increasingly matter more", "summary": "Writing code to someone else's specification is exactly what AI coding tools now do well, and BLS projected this occupation to decline even before modern code generation. The defensible move is up the stack: owning design, integration, review, and outcomes rather than implementation alone.", "caveat": "Programmers embedded in legacy systems, regulated codebases, or deep domain niches face slower substitution. The title is fuzzy in practice and many programmers already do developer-scope work.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 49, "augmentation": 61, "displacementPressure": 63, "transitionFeasibility": 76, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Implement code from specifications", "exposure": 85, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 34, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Debug and patch existing systems", "exposure": 68, "automation": 41, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Translate requirements into designs", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Review and integrate AI-written code", "exposure": 44, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "System design ownership", "AI-assisted development workflow", "Code review judgment", "Domain depth in one industry" ], "marketSignals": [ "BLS projects long-run decline for the title", "AI pair tools standard in hiring expectations", "Developer-scope roles absorbing programmer tasks" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Software Developer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 86, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own a feature end to end including design", "Ship with AI tools and document the review process", "Practice system-design interviews" ] }, { "title": "Platform Integration Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Build an integration between two business systems", "Learn API design and observability basics", "Automate one deployment pipeline" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/computer-programmers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/computer-programmers.json" } }, { "slug": "web-developers", "title": "Web Developers", "soc": "15-1254", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$92,650", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 70190, "blsSoc": "15-1254" }, "employment": "Broad market spanning agencies, freelance, and product teams", "education": "Varies from certificates to bachelor's; portfolio-driven hiring", "summary": "Template sites, simple storefronts, and routine page builds are increasingly produced by AI site builders, squeezing the low end of the market. Value consolidates in product engineering, performance, accessibility, integrations, and owning outcomes for businesses rather than pages.", "caveat": "Demand for web experiences keeps growing even as page-building automates. Developers who own conversion, reliability, and integration outcomes are buying into that growth rather than competing with site builders.", "scores": { "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 54, "transitionFeasibility": 78, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Build pages from designs and templates", "exposure": 82, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Implement integrations and APIs", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Optimize performance and accessibility", "exposure": 50, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Scope client outcomes and requirements", "exposure": 36, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Full-stack product skills", "Performance and accessibility auditing", "Third-party integration work", "Outcome-based client scoping" ], "marketSignals": [ "AI site builders absorbing template work", "Product and platform teams still hiring", "Freelance differentiation shifting to outcomes" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Frontend Product Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 84, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Ship a feature in a modern framework with tests", "Instrument real-user performance metrics", "Contribute to a design system" ] }, { "title": "Web Platform and Integrations Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 94, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build a commerce or CRM integration end to end", "Automate deployment and monitoring for a client", "Document an accessibility remediation" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/web-developers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/web-developers.json" } }, { "slug": "software-qa-analysts", "title": "Software Quality Assurance Analysts and Testers", "soc": "15-1253", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$104,300", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 186740, "blsSoc": "15-1253" }, "employment": "Large QA base shifting from manual testing to automation oversight", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; certifications and automation skills decisive", "summary": "Manual regression passes and routine test-case writing are heavily exposed as AI generates tests and exercises applications directly. Quality strategy, risk-based judgment about what to test, and owning release confidence are the durable layer, pushing QA toward engineering and away from execution.", "caveat": "AI-generated code increases the volume of code needing verification, which can expand QA-engineering demand even as manual execution shrinks. The risk is concentrated in manual-only roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 69, "automation": 45, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 56, "transitionFeasibility": 75, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Execute manual regression suites", "exposure": 88, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 24, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Write and maintain test cases", "exposure": 76, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Design risk-based test strategy", "exposure": 46, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Investigate and triage defects", "exposure": 54, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Test automation engineering", "Risk-based test strategy", "CI/CD quality gates", "Defect investigation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Manual-only QA postings declining", "Automation and SDET demand steady", "AI-generated code expanding verification needs" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Software Development Engineer in Test", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Automate one regression suite in code", "Add quality gates to a CI pipeline", "Publish a flaky-test reduction case study" ] }, { "title": "Quality Strategy and Release Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own release sign-off criteria for one product", "Build a risk-based coverage map", "Define how AI-generated tests get reviewed" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/software-qa-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/software-qa-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "computer-support-specialists", "title": "Computer User Support Specialists", "soc": "15-1232", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$61,860", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 717190, "blsSoc": "15-1232" }, "employment": "Very large helpdesk workforce across every industry", "education": "Certificate to associate degree typical; certifications valued", "summary": "Password resets, how-to questions, and known-issue triage are moving to AI assistants that resolve tickets before they reach a human. Hands-on hardware, escalations, endpoint security, and judgment calls in messy environments keep the human tier, which shifts the job toward harder tickets and systems work.", "caveat": "Deskside, field, and regulated-environment support resist remote automation. Organizations also keep human tiers for high-stakes users and outage response.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 55, "displacementPressure": 58, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Resolve routine how-to tickets", "exposure": 86, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 26, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Triage and route known issues", "exposure": 78, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 34, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Troubleshoot hardware and endpoints", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Handle escalations and outages", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Endpoint and identity administration", "Escalation diagnosis", "Scripting and automation basics", "Security hygiene enforcement" ], "marketSignals": [ "AI deflection rates rising in service desks", "Tier-2 and systems roles holding", "Security-adjacent support demand growing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "IT Systems Administrator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Earn an administration certification", "Automate one provisioning workflow", "Own a patch and update cycle" ] }, { "title": "Security Operations Support Analyst", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete a security fundamentals certification", "Practice phishing triage and endpoint isolation", "Shadow incident response for one quarter" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/computer-support-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/computer-support-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "technical-writers", "title": "Technical Writers", "soc": "27-3042", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$90,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 45500, "blsSoc": "27-3042" }, "employment": "Concentrated in software, manufacturing, and regulated industries", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus domain familiarity", "summary": "First-draft documentation, release notes, and reference material now generate quickly from specs and code. What endures is information architecture, accuracy verification against real systems, audience judgment, and owning documentation as a product, which moves writers toward docs engineering and content strategy.", "caveat": "Regulated industries require verified, auditable documentation where errors carry liability. Writers who validate against real systems are harder to replace than those who only polish prose.", "scores": { "exposure": 78, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 65, "displacementPressure": 64, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft reference documentation", "exposure": 86, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 36, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Generate release notes from changes", "exposure": 82, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 32, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Verify accuracy against systems", "exposure": 44, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Design information architecture", "exposure": 40, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Docs-as-code tooling", "Information architecture", "Hands-on product verification", "Content analytics" ], "marketSignals": [ "Draft generation collapsing junior workload", "Docs-engineering hybrid roles growing", "Regulated documentation remains human-verified" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Documentation Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 98, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move a doc set into a docs-as-code pipeline", "Auto-generate reference docs and own review", "Instrument docs usage analytics" ] }, { "title": "Content Strategist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 92, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run a content audit with measurable outcomes", "Define voice and structure standards", "Tie one content change to a support-ticket reduction" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/technical-writers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/technical-writers.json" } }, { "slug": "editors", "title": "Editors", "soc": "27-3041", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$77,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 91690, "blsSoc": "27-3041" }, "employment": "Publishing, media, and corporate content teams", "education": "Bachelor's degree; portfolio and judgment carry weight", "summary": "Copyediting, style enforcement, and routine line edits are well within AI capability, and generative drafting changes what arrives on an editor's desk. Editorial judgment — deciding what is worth publishing, shaping arguments, managing writers, and owning standards — concentrates value at the top of the craft.", "caveat": "Volume of machine-drafted content raises the value of trusted curation. Editors who own quality standards and audience trust become more important, not less, even as mechanical editing automates.", "scores": { "exposure": 76, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Copyedit for grammar and style", "exposure": 90, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 28, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Line edit for clarity and flow", "exposure": 74, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 50, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Shape stories and assign coverage", "exposure": 40, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop writers and enforce standards", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Editorial judgment and curation", "AI-assisted editing workflow", "Audience and analytics literacy", "Writer development" ], "marketSignals": [ "Mechanical editing absorbed by tools", "Curation and trust roles gaining value", "Content volume raising review demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Managing Editor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 82, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own an editorial calendar end to end", "Define standards for AI-assisted drafts", "Track quality and audience metrics per piece" ] }, { "title": "Content Operations Lead", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 92, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Map a content pipeline and its bottlenecks", "Introduce a review workflow with clear gates", "Report cycle-time and quality improvements" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/editors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/editors.json" } }, { "slug": "journalists", "title": "News Analysts, Reporters, and Journalists", "soc": "27-3023", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$62,200", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 39250, "blsSoc": "27-3023" }, "employment": "Shrinking newsroom base with growing independent segment", "education": "Bachelor's degree typical; beat expertise differentiates", "summary": "Commodity coverage — earnings recaps, sports scores, weather, aggregation — is already automated, and AI summarization erodes rewrite work. Original reporting, sourced investigation, access journalism, and accountable verification remain human work that machines cannot do without the relationships behind it.", "caveat": "The economic pressure on journalism predates AI and is driven by business models as much as automation. Trust and original sourcing are the differentiators AI cannot synthesize.", "scores": { "exposure": 71, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 58, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Write commodity news recaps", "exposure": 88, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 26, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Summarize reports and announcements", "exposure": 80, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 36, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Develop sources and original reporting", "exposure": 26, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Verify claims and documents", "exposure": 46, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 68, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Source development", "Investigative verification", "Beat expertise", "Audience-direct publishing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Commodity coverage fully automatable", "Investigative and beat reporting valued", "Independent and newsletter models growing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Investigative or Beat Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 84, "wagePreservation": 92, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Pick one beat and build a source network", "Publish a documents-based investigation", "Use AI for research while owning verification" ] }, { "title": "Communications and Research Lead", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Translate reporting skills into a research brief", "Build a portfolio of explanatory writing", "Practice stakeholder interviews" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/journalists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/journalists.json" } }, { "slug": "truck-drivers", "title": "Heavy and Tractor-Trailer Truck Drivers", "soc": "53-3032", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$58,640", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2062040, "blsSoc": "53-3032" }, "employment": "One of the largest U.S. occupations, ~2 million drivers", "education": "CDL required; no degree requirement", "summary": "Autonomous trucking is live on limited freight corridors, but full substitution is gated by weather, regulation, liability, first-mile and last-mile complexity, and decades of fleet turnover. Near-term, AI changes dispatch, routing, and monitoring more than it removes drivers, with hub-to-hub corridors automating first.", "caveat": "Timelines here carry high uncertainty. Long-haul interstate corridors face the earliest pressure; local, specialized, and customer-facing delivery work is far more durable.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 35, "displacementPressure": 33, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drive long-haul interstate corridors", "exposure": 56, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Handle first and last mile in cities", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Manage loading, securement, and inspection", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Coordinate with dispatch and customers", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Specialized endorsements (hazmat, tanker)", "Local and final-mile expertise", "Customer-facing delivery service", "Fleet technology literacy" ], "marketSignals": [ "Driverless corridors expanding slowly", "Driver shortage persists in many segments", "Specialized hauling resists automation longest" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Specialized or Local Fleet Driver", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 88, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Add hazmat or tanker endorsements", "Shift toward local or specialized routes", "Build direct relationships with shippers" ] }, { "title": "Fleet Operations Coordinator", "type": "supervisory_ai_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn dispatch and telematics platforms", "Use routing tools to cut deadhead miles", "Document safety and compliance workflows" ] } ], "sources": [ "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/truck-drivers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/truck-drivers.json" } }, { "slug": "real-estate-agents", "title": "Real Estate Sales Agents", "soc": "41-9022", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$52,830", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 193370, "blsSoc": "41-9022" }, "employment": "Large licensed base with high part-time share and commission pay", "education": "State license required; no degree requirement", "summary": "Listing descriptions, market comps, scheduling, and lead qualification are automating quickly, and AI search changes how buyers discover homes. The transaction's emotional weight, negotiation, local knowledge, and licensed accountability keep agents central — but commission pressure and fewer, more productive agents are the realistic trajectory.", "caveat": "Commission-structure lawsuits and discount models pressure the economics independently of AI. Agents with deep local expertise and referral networks hold value far better than transaction processors.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Write listings and marketing copy", "exposure": 88, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 30, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Qualify and nurture leads", "exposure": 70, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 46, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Advise on pricing with comps", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Negotiate offers and guide closings", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Negotiation and advocacy", "Hyperlocal market expertise", "Referral network building", "Transaction problem-solving" ], "marketSignals": [ "AI absorbing marketing and lead tasks", "Commission compression squeezing part-timers", "Top producers consolidating share" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Buyer-Advocacy Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 86, "wagePreservation": 94, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Specialize in one neighborhood or property type", "Publish local market analysis monthly", "Build a referral system from past clients" ] }, { "title": "Real Estate Operations Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 90, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run transaction coordination for a team", "Automate listing-to-close checklists", "Manage a brokerage's lead pipeline" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/real-estate-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/real-estate-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "bank-tellers", "title": "Tellers", "soc": "43-3071", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$43,030", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 329480, "blsSoc": "43-3071" }, "employment": "Long-declining branch workforce as transactions move digital", "education": "High school diploma; on-the-job training", "summary": "Routine transactions left for apps and ATMs years ago, and AI assistants now absorb the service questions that justified remaining branch staff. Banks are converting teller lines into advisory roles, so the realistic path is upward into banker, lending, or operations tracks rather than defending the window.", "caveat": "Branches retain tellers for cash-intensive businesses, older customers, and trust-sensitive moments like fraud. Decline is steady rather than sudden, which leaves time to transition deliberately.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 76, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 80, "confidence": 70 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Process deposits and withdrawals", "exposure": 92, "automation": 80, "augmentation": 14, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Answer account service questions", "exposure": 78, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 36, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Spot fraud and verify identity", "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 60, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Refer customers to banking products", "exposure": 42, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Customer needs assessment", "Fraud and verification vigilance", "Banking product knowledge", "Digital banking support" ], "marketSignals": [ "Teller employment in long-run decline", "Universal-banker conversions accelerating", "Branch networks still shrinking" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Universal Banker", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Cross-train on account opening and lending intake", "Earn an internal banker certification", "Practice needs-based conversations" ] }, { "title": "Loan Processing Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn loan documentation requirements", "Shadow a processor through five files", "Build accuracy and compliance habits" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/bank-tellers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/bank-tellers.json" } }, { "slug": "data-analysts", "title": "Data Analysts", "soc": "15-2051", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$120,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 262440, "blsSoc": "15-2051" }, "employment": "Large and growing analytics workforce", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Routine reporting, data cleaning, and dashboard refreshes are highly exposed to automation. Analysts who frame business questions, validate model output, and translate findings into decisions remain strongly augmentable.", "caveat": "Exposure depends on how the role is scoped. Report-production analysts face more displacement pressure than analysts who own stakeholder framing, metric definitions, and decision quality.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 78, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Generate standard reports", "exposure": 84, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Clean and prepare raw data", "exposure": 78, "automation": 55, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Build dashboards and visualizations", "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Frame business questions", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "SQL and Python analysis", "Data validation", "Dashboard storytelling", "Prompted exploration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Report production is exposed", "Strong augmentation upside", "Domain context protects senior roles" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Analytics Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Learn data modeling tools", "Own metric definitions", "Document pipeline quality checks" ] }, { "title": "Data Quality Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 98, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build validation rule sets", "Track recurring data defects", "Partner with engineering on fixes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/data-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/data-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "business-analysts", "title": "Business Analysts", "soc": "13-1111", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$101,860", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 898280, "blsSoc": "13-1111" }, "employment": "Large consulting and analysis workforce", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Information gathering, requirements documentation, and draft recommendations are exposed to AI assistance. Problem framing, stakeholder interviews, and implementation judgment keep the role augmentation-heavy.", "caveat": "Analysts measured on document output face more redesign pressure than analysts embedded in operational decisions and organizational change.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 80, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Gather and organize problem data", "exposure": 74, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Draft findings and recommendations", "exposure": 78, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Analyze workflows and propose solutions", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Interview stakeholders and observe work", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Process mapping", "Requirements documentation", "Stakeholder interviews", "AI-assisted analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "High augmentation upside", "Implementation ownership is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Product Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Own operational metrics", "Document decision workflows", "Run cross-functional retrospectives" ] }, { "title": "Change Management Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Map adoption risks", "Build communication plans", "Measure rollout outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/business-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/business-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "payroll-timekeeping-clerks", "title": "Payroll and Timekeeping Clerks", "soc": "43-3051", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$58,260", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 153140, "blsSoc": "43-3051" }, "employment": "Mid-size clerical role with steady software consolidation", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Wage computation, paycheck processing, and timekeeping entry are rules-based and highly exposed to payroll automation. Discrepancy resolution, tax-rule changes, and employee questions remain the human core.", "caveat": "Multi-state, union, or exception-heavy payroll environments keep human review essential longer than standardized single-system payroll shops.", "scores": { "exposure": 82, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 76, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 71 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compute wages and deductions", "exposure": 88, "automation": 74, "augmentation": 22, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Process paychecks and earnings statements", "exposure": 90, "automation": 76, "augmentation": 14, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Review timesheets for discrepancies", "exposure": 72, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Answer employee payroll questions", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Payroll systems", "Tax and deduction rules", "Exception resolution", "Confidential data handling" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Compliance knowledge transfers well", "Systems administration bridge is practical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Payroll Systems Administrator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own payroll configuration", "Audit automated runs", "Document exception playbooks" ] }, { "title": "Accounts Payable Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Learn invoice workflows", "Practice vendor reconciliation", "Study internal controls basics" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/payroll-timekeeping-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/payroll-timekeeping-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "procurement-clerks", "title": "Procurement Clerks", "soc": "43-3061", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$50,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 55810, "blsSoc": "43-3061" }, "employment": "Small clerical base inside purchasing departments", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Purchase-order preparation, requisition tracking, and bid comparison are structured workflows with high automation exposure. Supplier problem-solving, expediting, and purchasing-rule knowledge stay valuable.", "caveat": "Organizations with complex supplier networks and regulated purchasing keep humans in approval and exception loops longer than catalog-driven buying operations.", "scores": { "exposure": 76, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 68, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 69 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare purchase orders", "exposure": 86, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 24, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Track requisitions and order status", "exposure": 80, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 36, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Compare bids and supplier pricing", "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Resolve supplier delivery problems", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Purchasing systems", "Vendor communication", "Bid analysis", "Contract compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "High workflow automation pressure", "Supplier management skills transfer", "Analytics bridge raises wages" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Procurement Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Build spend reports", "Learn category sourcing basics", "Track supplier performance data" ] }, { "title": "Supply Chain Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own expedite queues", "Monitor inventory exceptions", "Document supplier escalation paths" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/procurement-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/procurement-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "order-clerks", "title": "Order Clerks", "soc": "43-4151", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$46,170", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 75200, "blsSoc": "43-4151" }, "employment": "Shrinking clerical role tied to order intake", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Order entry, completeness checks, inventory lookup, and invoice preparation are structured tasks that ecommerce and order-management systems absorb quickly. Complaint handling and order exceptions remain the resilient work.", "caveat": "Risk is highest where orders arrive digitally and cleanly. Roles that handle custom specifications, B2B exceptions, or fulfillment coordination change more slowly.", "scores": { "exposure": 84, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 78, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 70 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Enter order and customer details", "exposure": 90, "automation": 78, "augmentation": 16, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Check inventory and order status", "exposure": 76, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 38, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare invoices and shipping documents", "exposure": 84, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 24, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Handle order complaints and exceptions", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Order management systems", "Inventory awareness", "Exception handling", "Customer communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Ecommerce absorbs routine intake", "Fulfillment coordination stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Logistics Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Track shipment exceptions", "Learn carrier workflows", "Build daily fulfillment dashboards" ] }, { "title": "Sales Support Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own quote follow-up", "Maintain CRM order records", "Practice upsell conversations" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/order-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/order-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "dispatchers", "title": "Dispatchers, Except Police, Fire, and Ambulance", "soc": "43-5032", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$50,340", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 202810, "blsSoc": "43-5032" }, "employment": "Stable logistics coordination role", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Scheduling, routing, and status monitoring are increasingly automated by fleet and routing software. Urgent exceptions, crew coordination, customer negotiation, and real-time judgment keep experienced dispatchers valuable.", "caveat": "Optimization software handles routine routing well, but weather, breakdowns, and service emergencies still require human triage. Impact varies by fleet complexity and industry.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 56, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Schedule crews and vehicles", "exposure": 72, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare daily run schedules", "exposure": 76, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Monitor locations and utilization", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Coordinate urgent service exceptions", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Routing software", "Real-time triage", "Crew communication", "Service recovery" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate automation pressure", "Exception management protects roles", "Fleet analytics skills raise wages" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fleet Operations Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own utilization dashboards", "Document routing exceptions", "Tune scheduling rules" ] }, { "title": "Logistics Planner", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Learn load planning tools", "Analyze route cost data", "Study carrier rate basics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/dispatchers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/dispatchers.json" } }, { "slug": "call-center-agents", "title": "Call Center Agents", "soc": "43-4051", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$44,770", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2595750, "blsSoc": "43-4051" }, "employment": "Very large frontline workforce with rapid AI adoption", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Voice AI and chat automation now absorb scripted questions, order status, and account lookups at scale. Complex complaints, retention saves, and frustrated-customer de-escalation remain the defensible human work.", "caveat": "Containment rates vary widely by industry. Regulated accounts, billing disputes, and emotionally charged calls still route to humans, but total seat counts are under pressure.", "scores": { "exposure": 80, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 77, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 80, "confidence": 71 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Answer scripted product questions", "exposure": 88, "automation": 74, "augmentation": 26, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Record interaction details", "exposure": 82, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 22, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve billing and service complaints", "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Escalate unresolved grievances", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "De-escalation", "Retention conversations", "Bot failure review", "Account troubleshooting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high displacement pressure", "Voice AI adoption is accelerating", "AI supervision roles are emerging" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chatbot Conversation Designer", "type": "supervisory_ai_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Review failed bot transcripts", "Rewrite escalation flows", "Measure containment quality" ] }, { "title": "Customer Success Associate", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Practice account health checks", "Learn renewal workflows", "Track at-risk customer signals" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/call-center-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/call-center-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "telemarketers", "title": "Telemarketers", "soc": "41-9041", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$35,450", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 58430, "blsSoc": "41-9041" }, "employment": "Small and steadily shrinking outbound sales role", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Scripted cold outreach, list-based solicitation, and order capture are among the most automatable tasks in the economy, and AI voice agents are targeting exactly this work. Employment has been declining for years.", "caveat": "Regulation, consumer fatigue, and do-not-call rules already constrained this role before AI. The remaining work concentrates in inbound response and complex persuasion, not scripted volume.", "scores": { "exposure": 88, "automation": 74, "augmentation": 18, "displacementPressure": 84, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 82, "confidence": 70 }, "riskBand": "very_high", "riskLabel": "Very High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Deliver scripted sales pitches", "exposure": 92, "automation": 80, "augmentation": 12, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Solicit prospects from call lists", "exposure": 88, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 16, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Enter orders and contact records", "exposure": 84, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 18, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Adjust scripts to prospect reactions", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Persuasion fundamentals", "Objection handling", "CRM hygiene", "Compliance awareness" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high displacement pressure", "Declining employment base", "Inbound sales skills transfer well" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Sales Development Representative", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn consultative discovery", "Practice personalized outreach", "Build pipeline metrics habits" ] }, { "title": "Customer Retention Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own save-desk conversations", "Track churn reasons", "Practice empathy-led scripting" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/telemarketers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/telemarketers.json" } }, { "slug": "receptionists", "title": "Receptionists", "soc": "43-4171", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$38,010", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 910180, "blsSoc": "43-4171" }, "employment": "Very large front-desk workforce with scheduling automation", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Call routing, appointment scheduling, and routine visitor instructions are being absorbed by AI phone agents and booking software. In-person greeting, sensitive exceptions, and office coordination remain human-centered.", "caveat": "Pure switchboard roles face the most pressure. Reception roles bundled with billing, intake compliance, or office operations duties are substantially more resilient.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 68, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 76, "confidence": 69 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Answer and route phone calls", "exposure": 84, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 28, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Schedule appointments", "exposure": 82, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 38, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Greet and direct visitors", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain front-office records", "exposure": 60, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Front-desk coordination", "Scheduling systems", "Visitor management", "Confidential intake" ], "marketSignals": [ "High automation pressure on call routing", "Wage vulnerability is significant", "Office coordination skills transfer" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Office Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own vendor and supply workflows", "Document front-desk exceptions", "Build office operations checklists" ] }, { "title": "Medical Office Assistant", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn patient intake rules", "Practice insurance verification", "Study healthcare privacy basics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/receptionists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/receptionists.json" } }, { "slug": "executive-assistants", "title": "Executive Secretaries and Executive Administrative Assistants", "soc": "43-6011", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$76,590", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 459910, "blsSoc": "43-6011" }, "employment": "Experienced support role concentrated in larger organizations", "education": "High school diploma plus experience; some college common", "summary": "Calendar management, travel booking, meeting minutes, and routine correspondence are exposed to AI scheduling and drafting tools. Executive trust, prioritization judgment, and gatekeeping remain difficult to automate.", "caveat": "The role compresses where support is transactional. Assistants who manage confidential information, stakeholder relationships, and executive priorities keep substantial leverage.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Manage executive calendars", "exposure": 78, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Draft reports and correspondence", "exposure": 82, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 62, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Arrange travel and meetings", "exposure": 72, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Represent executives with stakeholders", "exposure": 26, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Executive prioritization", "Confidential handling", "AI-assisted drafting", "Meeting operations" ], "marketSignals": [ "High task exposure", "Trust and context protect senior roles", "Operations ownership raises wages" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief of Staff", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own executive operating rhythm", "Run cross-team follow-ups", "Draft decision briefs" ] }, { "title": "Office Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage vendor contracts", "Own facilities workflows", "Build onboarding playbooks" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/executive-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/executive-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "office-clerks", "title": "Office Clerks, General", "soc": "43-9061", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$45,010", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2464940, "blsSoc": "43-9061" }, "employment": "One of the largest clerical occupations", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Filing, document typing, record compilation, and message routing form a broad task bundle that office software and AI assistants now handle well. Coordination across departments and exception handling remain the durable value.", "caveat": "Because the role is a generalist mix, exposure varies by employer. Clerks who own a process end-to-end fare better than those limited to routine document handling.", "scores": { "exposure": 78, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 32, "displacementPressure": 72, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 70 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "File and maintain records", "exposure": 82, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 26, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Type and proofread documents", "exposure": 80, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 42, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Answer calls and route messages", "exposure": 76, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 30, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Coordinate schedules and supplies", "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Office software fluency", "Process documentation", "Records management", "Cross-team coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Generalist bundle is fragmenting", "Coordination skills bridge to operations" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Administrative Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own a recurring process end-to-end", "Document workflow exceptions", "Build simple tracking dashboards" ] }, { "title": "Data Quality Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Practice spreadsheet validation", "Learn data entry QA rules", "Track recurring record errors" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/office-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/office-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "billing-clerks", "title": "Billing and Posting Clerks", "soc": "43-3021", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$48,500", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 404060, "blsSoc": "43-3021" }, "employment": "Large clerical role inside billing and revenue operations", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Invoice preparation, charge computation, and statement generation are structured workflows with strong automation exposure. Discrepancy investigation, customer account conversations, and rate-rule knowledge remain more durable.", "caveat": "Healthcare, legal, and utility billing environments keep humans in compliance and dispute loops longer than simple recurring-billing operations.", "scores": { "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 72, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 69 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare invoices and statements", "exposure": 88, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 20, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Verify billing data accuracy", "exposure": 78, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 42, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Resolve account discrepancies", "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Contact customers about accounts", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Billing systems", "Dispute resolution", "Rate and rule knowledge", "Reconciliation habits" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Revenue-cycle knowledge transfers", "Healthcare billing remains viable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Accounts Receivable Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own aging reports", "Practice collections outreach", "Analyze dispute patterns" ] }, { "title": "Revenue Operations Associate", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Map billing workflow gaps", "Audit automated invoicing output", "Learn CRM billing modules" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/billing-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/billing-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-records-specialists", "title": "Medical Records Specialists", "soc": "29-2072", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$51,140", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 194720, "blsSoc": "29-2072" }, "employment": "Growing healthcare data role with compliance duties", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or associate degree common", "summary": "Chart abstraction, data entry, and record retrieval are exposed to AI coding and documentation tools. Coding accuracy disputes, privacy rules, release-of-information judgment, and clinician clarification keep humans accountable.", "caveat": "Automated coding suggestions still require certified review in most settings. Regulatory penalties and audit risk make fully unattended coding rare.", "scores": { "exposure": 68, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 57, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 69 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Enter and code patient data", "exposure": 80, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Review records for completeness", "exposure": 72, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain record retrieval systems", "exposure": 68, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Clarify diagnoses with clinicians", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Medical coding systems", "Privacy compliance", "EHR workflows", "Documentation audit" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Compliance review remains mandatory", "Certified coders stay in demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Medical Coding Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Earn a coding credential", "Practice audit-ready chart review", "Learn denial-management basics" ] }, { "title": "Health Information Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Audit AI coding suggestions", "Build data quality reports", "Track documentation gaps" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-records-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-records-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-transcriptionists", "title": "Medical Transcriptionists", "soc": "31-9094", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$40,410", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 41550, "blsSoc": "31-9094" }, "employment": "Small, rapidly declining transcription occupation", "education": "Postsecondary certificate common", "summary": "Speech recognition and ambient clinical documentation have automated the core dictation-to-text workflow that defined this occupation. Employment is declining sharply, and remaining work centers on editing AI output for terminology accuracy.", "caveat": "This is one of the clearest substitution cases in healthcare. The realistic path is not waiting out the decline but converting medical terminology knowledge into documentation quality and health information roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 90, "automation": 76, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 84, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 72 }, "riskBand": "very_high", "riskLabel": "Very High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Transcribe physician dictation", "exposure": 94, "automation": 84, "augmentation": 10, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Edit transcripts for terminology", "exposure": 78, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 46, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Return reports for physician review", "exposure": 64, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 38, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain medical files and databases", "exposure": 66, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Medical terminology", "Documentation editing", "EHR navigation", "Accuracy under deadline" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Occupation in structural decline", "Terminology knowledge transfers to health information roles" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Documentation Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Audit AI-generated notes", "Learn documentation integrity standards", "Flag terminology errors systematically" ] }, { "title": "Health Information Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete a health information program", "Study privacy and release rules", "Practice record completeness review" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-transcriptionists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-transcriptionists.json" } }, { "slug": "copywriters", "title": "Copywriters", "soc": "27-3043", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$76,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 47940, "blsSoc": "27-3043" }, "employment": "Large writing occupation with freelance-heavy segments", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "First-draft ad copy, slogan variations, and product descriptions are now generated cheaply at scale. Brand voice judgment, campaign strategy, client interpretation, and original creative concepts remain the defensible craft.", "caveat": "Commodity content and high-volume variation work is compressing fastest. Copywriters who own positioning, research, and client relationships keep pricing power.", "scores": { "exposure": 84, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 72, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft ad copy and slogans", "exposure": 90, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Produce marketing variations", "exposure": 88, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Research product selling points", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Present concepts to clients", "exposure": 26, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Brand voice systems", "Campaign strategy", "AI draft direction", "Client presentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "High generation exposure", "Volume work is commoditizing", "Strategy and voice protect senior roles" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Content Strategist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own messaging frameworks", "Measure content performance", "Set AI usage and voice rules" ] }, { "title": "SEO Content Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn search intent research", "Build editorial QA checklists", "Track ranking outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/copywriters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/copywriters.json" } }, { "slug": "proofreaders", "title": "Proofreaders and Copy Markers", "soc": "43-9081", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$51,120", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 4580, "blsSoc": "43-9081" }, "employment": "Very small language-quality occupation", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Error detection in grammar, spelling, punctuation, and cross-record consistency is exactly what language models now do at near-zero marginal cost. Standalone proofreading roles are shrinking into broader editing and content quality work.", "caveat": "High-stakes legal, medical, and regulatory documents still demand human verification, but as a specialty inside editing roles rather than a standalone occupation.", "scores": { "exposure": 88, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 79, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 70 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Correct grammar and spelling errors", "exposure": 92, "automation": 76, "augmentation": 22, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Read proofs to verify corrections", "exposure": 86, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 26, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Cross-check records for inconsistencies", "exposure": 80, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Consult authors on manuscript changes", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Style guide mastery", "Fact and consistency checking", "Editorial judgment", "Author communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Standalone roles are consolidating", "Quality review survives inside editing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Copy Editor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Expand into structural editing", "Own style guide decisions", "Review AI-edited drafts critically" ] }, { "title": "Content Quality Reviewer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Audit AI-generated content", "Build error taxonomy checklists", "Measure correction accuracy" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/proofreaders/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/proofreaders.json" } }, { "slug": "social-media-managers", "title": "Social Media Managers", "soc": "27-3031", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$74,750", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 283380, "blsSoc": "27-3031" }, "employment": "Communications role with strong digital demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Post drafting, scheduling, and trend monitoring are heavily augmentable with AI tools. Community trust, crisis judgment, brand voice, and platform-native creativity keep the role more redesigned than replaced.", "caveat": "Entry-level content production is compressing, while managers who own strategy, community relationships, and reputation risk see their leverage increase.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft and schedule social content", "exposure": 82, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Plan engagement campaigns", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Monitor brand mentions and trends", "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Manage community relationships", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Platform strategy", "Community management", "AI content workflows", "Crisis response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Content production is automating", "Strategy and community roles grow" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Content Marketing Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own an editorial calendar", "Measure content ROI", "Build cross-channel campaigns" ] }, { "title": "Community Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Run member engagement programs", "Document moderation playbooks", "Track community health metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/social-media-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/social-media-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "travel-agents", "title": "Travel Agents", "soc": "41-3041", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$50,160", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 55110, "blsSoc": "41-3041" }, "employment": "Rebounding but structurally smaller travel sales role", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Routine booking, fare lookup, and standard itinerary building are directly targeted by AI travel planning tools. Complex multi-stop trips, group logistics, disruption handling, and trusted advisor relationships sustain the remaining niche.", "caveat": "Commodity leisure booking continues shifting to self-service and AI assistants. Advisors specializing in luxury, corporate, or complex itineraries have proven more durable.", "scores": { "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 72, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Book flights and hotel reservations", "exposure": 88, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 22, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Build routine itineraries", "exposure": 84, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Quote package costs", "exposure": 78, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 36, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise clients on complex trips", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Destination expertise", "Supplier relationships", "Disruption recovery", "Complex itinerary design" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure on routine booking", "Specialization protects income", "Trust relationships drive referrals" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Corporate Travel Consultant", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Learn corporate booking policies", "Own traveler disruption support", "Track program savings metrics" ] }, { "title": "Event and Meeting Planner", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Manage vendor quotes", "Build event run-of-show documents", "Coordinate group logistics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/travel-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/travel-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "warehouse-workers", "title": "Warehouse Workers", "soc": "53-7062", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$40,240", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2950280, "blsSoc": "53-7062" }, "employment": "Very large physical logistics workforce", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Robotics and warehouse automation are absorbing repetitive picking, sorting, and moving tasks in large facilities. Physical adaptability, exception handling, equipment operation, and safety judgment keep human crews essential in most warehouses.", "caveat": "Automation is capital-intensive and concentrates in high-volume fulfillment centers. Smaller warehouses, irregular freight, and mixed-task roles change much more slowly.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 55, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 78, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Move and load freight", "exposure": 46, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Sort and tag inventory", "exposure": 58, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record units and production counts", "exposure": 72, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 36, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Read work orders and instructions", "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Equipment operation", "Safety discipline", "Inventory accuracy", "Robotics collaboration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Robotics adoption is uneven", "Physical flexibility protects roles", "Technical upskilling raises wages" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Warehouse Team Lead", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own shift handoff notes", "Track productivity exceptions", "Coach new hires on safety" ] }, { "title": "Inventory Control Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run cycle count programs", "Investigate stock discrepancies", "Maintain warehouse system records" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/warehouse-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/warehouse-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "architects", "title": "Architects, Except Landscape and Naval", "soc": "17-1011", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$99,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 106770, "blsSoc": "17-1011" }, "employment": "Licensed design profession with moderate employment", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus licensure", "summary": "Generative design tools can produce drawing options, code checks, and early concepts quickly. Client needs interpretation, regulatory accountability, site judgment, and licensed professional sign-off keep the occupation resilient.", "caveat": "Production drafting inside architecture firms is more exposed than the licensed architect role itself. Liability and licensure requirements structurally limit full automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Produce CAD drawings and models", "exposure": 66, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Draft contract and specification documents", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 60, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Develop design concepts with clients", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Ensure code and regulation compliance", "exposure": 40, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Design judgment", "BIM workflows", "Code compliance", "Client consultation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Generative design raises output", "Licensure protects accountability" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "BIM Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own firm BIM standards", "Evaluate generative design tools", "Train project teams on workflows" ] }, { "title": "Computational Design Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn parametric modeling", "Automate repetitive drawing sets", "Validate generative output" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/architects/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/architects.json" } }, { "slug": "drafters", "title": "Drafters", "soc": "17-3011", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$66,150", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 103700, "blsSoc": "17-3011" }, "employment": "Technical drawing role in long-run decline", "education": "Associate degree or technical certificate common", "summary": "Converting sketches and specifications into finished CAD drawings is precisely the production task generative design and BIM automation are absorbing. Code analysis, revision coordination, and engineering collaboration offer partial shelter.", "caveat": "Employment has been declining since before generative AI. Drafters who move up into BIM coordination, design technology, or engineering support retain strong options.", "scores": { "exposure": 76, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 66, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Produce CAD drawings from sketches", "exposure": 84, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Convert specs into detailed plans", "exposure": 78, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Calculate dimensions and materials", "exposure": 66, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coordinate revisions with engineers", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "CAD and BIM fluency", "Technical standards", "Revision management", "Engineering communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Occupation in structural decline", "BIM coordination bridge is practical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "BIM Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own model coordination", "Run clash detection reviews", "Document model standards" ] }, { "title": "Architectural Technologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deepen building code knowledge", "Study construction detailing", "Shadow project architects" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/drafters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/drafters.json" } }, { "slug": "photographers", "title": "Photographers", "soc": "27-4021", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$44,660", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 51760, "blsSoc": "27-4021" }, "employment": "Freelance-heavy visual occupation", "education": "No formal credential required; portfolio matters", "summary": "Generative imagery is compressing stock, product, and generic commercial photography. Event presence, client direction, lighting craft, and trusted capture of real moments remain things AI cannot replicate on location.", "caveat": "Commodity image supply is being disrupted far faster than event, portrait, and documentary work. Business diversification matters more than camera skill alone.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Edit and retouch images", "exposure": 76, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Compose and light shoots", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Consult clients on creative direction", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Manage archives and delivery", "exposure": 62, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Lighting craft", "Client direction", "AI retouch workflows", "Visual storytelling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Stock and product segments are exposed", "Event and portrait work is resilient", "Post-production is accelerating" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Visual Content Producer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Add short-form video skills", "Own brand content calendars", "Direct AI-assisted asset production" ] }, { "title": "Photo Editor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Curate and grade selects", "Build retouch QA standards", "Manage image licensing workflows" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/photographers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/photographers.json" } }, { "slug": "video-editors", "title": "Film and Video Editors", "soc": "27-4032", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$75,420", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 25610, "blsSoc": "27-4032" }, "employment": "Growing post-production role tied to content demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI tools now handle rough cuts, captioning, silence removal, and format versioning quickly. Story structure, pacing judgment, director collaboration, and final-cut taste keep skilled editors valuable in a growing content market.", "caveat": "Volume-driven social and marketing editing faces the most tool substitution. Narrative, documentary, and brand work that depends on taste and collaboration remains resilient.", "scores": { "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 56, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assemble rough cuts from footage", "exposure": 78, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Add music, dialogue, and effects", "exposure": 70, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Select shots for story flow", "exposure": 42, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Confer with directors on approach", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Narrative pacing", "Editing software fluency", "AI-assisted workflows", "Sound and color basics" ], "marketSignals": [ "Volume editing is automating", "Content demand keeps growing", "Taste and collaboration protect senior editors" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Motion Graphics Designer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Learn animation software", "Build a motion portfolio", "Study brand motion systems" ] }, { "title": "Content Producer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own end-to-end video pipelines", "Direct AI-assisted edit passes", "Measure audience retention" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/video-editors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/video-editors.json" } }, { "slug": "animators", "title": "Special Effects Artists and Animators", "soc": "27-1014", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$102,030", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 19970, "blsSoc": "27-1014" }, "employment": "Specialized creative role concentrated in media hubs", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Generative tools are changing asset production, in-betweening, and background work across animation pipelines. Story development, character performance, art direction, and pipeline craft remain the scarce skills.", "caveat": "Studio production economics are shifting quickly, and entry-level asset roles face the most pressure. Artists who direct AI output and own sequences retain leverage.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 55, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Generate animation assets", "exposure": 78, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 70, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Create storyboards and key scenes", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Render lifelike motion and effects", "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Direct narrative sequences", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Character performance", "3D pipeline fluency", "AI asset direction", "Art direction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Production pipelines are automating", "Entry-level asset work is exposed", "Direction and craft protect senior artists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Technical Animator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Learn rigging and tooling", "Automate repetitive pipeline steps", "Validate generative asset quality" ] }, { "title": "Motion Designer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build a cross-medium reel", "Study brand motion systems", "Ship short-form commercial work" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/animators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/animators.json" } }, { "slug": "tutors", "title": "Tutors", "soc": "25-3041", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$43,350", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 175070, "blsSoc": "25-3041" }, "employment": "Large supplemental education workforce with gig growth", "education": "Bachelor's degree or enrollment common", "summary": "AI tutoring apps now answer questions, generate practice problems, and explain concepts on demand, competing directly with routine homework help. Motivation, accountability, diagnosis of misconceptions, and parent trust keep human tutors relevant.", "caveat": "Price-sensitive drill-and-practice tutoring is most exposed. Tutors who specialize in learning differences, test strategy, or reluctant learners hold stronger positions.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare practice materials", "exposure": 70, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Assess student progress", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Review problems with students", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Motivate and coach students", "exposure": 18, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Learning diagnosis", "Student motivation", "AI tool integration", "Progress communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "AI tutoring apps compete directly", "Human accountability retains demand", "Specialization raises rates" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Instructional Designer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build a learning-module portfolio", "Study learning science basics", "Measure learner outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Learning Coach", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Design accountability plans", "Integrate AI practice tools", "Coach study habits and strategy" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tutors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tutors.json" } }, { "slug": "lawyers", "title": "Lawyers", "soc": "23-1011", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Legal", "medianWage": "$159,670", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 754500, "blsSoc": "23-1011" }, "employment": "Large licensed profession with document-heavy workflows", "education": "Doctoral or professional degree plus bar license", "summary": "Legal research, document drafting, and precedent analysis are strongly augmentable and partially automatable. Client counsel, courtroom advocacy, negotiation, ethical accountability, and licensing keep the profession protected at its core.", "caveat": "Exposure is highest for document-intensive practice areas and lowest where judgment, advocacy, and client trust dominate. Bar rules and liability slow full automation of legal work product.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft and review legal documents", "exposure": 82, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Research precedents and statutes", "exposure": 78, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 76, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise clients on rights and strategy", "exposure": 34, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Represent clients in court", "exposure": 16, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 24, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Legal judgment", "AI-assisted research", "Negotiation", "Client counsel" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Document work is augmenting fast", "Licensure protects core practice" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Legal Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Map matter workflows", "Evaluate legal AI tools", "Build knowledge management systems" ] }, { "title": "Compliance Officer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 88, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn regulatory frameworks", "Document control testing", "Advise on policy exceptions" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/lawyers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/lawyers.json" } }, { "slug": "legal-secretaries", "title": "Legal Secretaries and Administrative Assistants", "soc": "43-6012", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$55,570", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 156280, "blsSoc": "43-6012" }, "employment": "Legal support role in structural decline", "education": "High school diploma plus legal office training", "summary": "Preparing and proofreading legal documents, maintaining case files, and scheduling attorney calendars are exposed to drafting tools and practice-management automation. Filing accuracy, court procedure knowledge, and attorney support remain anchors.", "caveat": "Employment has been shrinking as attorneys self-serve documents. Roles that expand toward paralegal duties, e-filing compliance, or intake coordination hold up better.", "scores": { "exposure": 80, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 74, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and process legal documents", "exposure": 86, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 42, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Maintain case files and law libraries", "exposure": 74, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Schedule attorney calendars", "exposure": 78, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Assist attorneys with record collection", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Legal document formats", "Court filing procedures", "Practice management software", "Confidentiality habits" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Occupation in structural decline", "Paralegal bridge is well established" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Paralegal", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete a paralegal certificate", "Practice legal research", "Own discovery document review" ] }, { "title": "Legal Intake Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own client intake workflows", "Document matter-opening checklists", "Track conflict-check completion" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/legal-secretaries/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/legal-secretaries.json" } }, { "slug": "human-resources-assistants", "title": "Human Resources Assistants, Except Payroll and Timekeeping", "soc": "43-4161", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$50,610", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 90220, "blsSoc": "43-4161" }, "employment": "HR support role with document and screening exposure", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent; some college common", "summary": "Personnel record maintenance, application processing, and routine policy answers are exposed to HR automation and employee self-service. Applicant screening judgment, sensitive documentation handling, and benefits guidance keep a human layer.", "caveat": "Self-service portals absorb the routine queries first. Assistants who support investigations, onboarding exceptions, or compliance documentation change more slowly.", "scores": { "exposure": 76, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 68, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Process and review job applications", "exposure": 82, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Maintain personnel records", "exposure": 84, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Explain policies and benefits", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 56, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Screen and refer qualified applicants", "exposure": 66, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "HRIS data accuracy", "Applicant screening", "Benefits basics", "Confidential record handling" ], "marketSignals": [ "High automation pressure on records work", "Screening judgment still reviewed by humans", "Coordination roles offer a bridge" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "HR Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own onboarding logistics", "Audit HRIS data quality", "Document process exceptions" ] }, { "title": "Recruiting Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Manage interview scheduling loops", "Track candidate pipeline stages", "Practice candidate communication" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/human-resources-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/human-resources-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "recruiters", "title": "Recruiters", "soc": "13-1071", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$75,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 912430, "blsSoc": "13-1071" }, "employment": "Talent acquisition role reshaped by AI sourcing tools", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI sourcing, resume screening, and outreach drafting are compressing the transactional side of recruiting. Candidate assessment, hiring-manager partnership, offer negotiation, and talent market judgment remain the differentiators.", "caveat": "High-volume agency and coordination-heavy recruiting faces the most pressure. Recruiters who own hard-to-fill searches, relationships, and closing keep strong leverage.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 76, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Source candidates across channels", "exposure": 76, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Screen resumes and applications", "exposure": 82, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Interview and assess candidates", "exposure": 40, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Design recruiting strategies", "exposure": 38, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Candidate assessment", "Sourcing strategy", "Hiring-manager advisory", "Offer negotiation" ], "marketSignals": [ "AI screening adoption is widespread", "Transactional sourcing is commoditizing", "Relationship recruiting stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Talent Operations Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Audit AI screening outcomes", "Build funnel conversion dashboards", "Document bias review practices" ] }, { "title": "Employer Brand Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Create candidate-facing content", "Measure source quality", "Run referral programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/recruiters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/recruiters.json" } }, { "slug": "management-analysts", "title": "Management Analysts", "soc": "13-1111", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$101,860", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 898280, "blsSoc": "13-1111" }, "employment": "Large consulting workforce with strong growth", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Desk research, data gathering, and recommendation-report drafting are increasingly AI-assisted. Engagement scoping, on-site observation, organizational politics, and implementation follow-through keep consulting work human-led.", "caveat": "Analysts selling slide production face fee pressure as clients adopt AI tools. Consultants who own diagnosis, change management, and measurable outcomes remain in demand.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 78, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan organizational studies", "exposure": 54, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Conduct on-site observation and interviews", "exposure": 22, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop solutions from analysis", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare recommendation reports", "exposure": 80, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Engagement scoping", "Diagnostic interviewing", "AI-assisted analysis", "Change implementation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Report production is augmenting", "Implementation ownership is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Strategy and Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own an internal improvement portfolio", "Measure initiative outcomes", "Run operating reviews" ] }, { "title": "Organizational Development Consultant", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Study change management methods", "Design stakeholder surveys", "Facilitate working sessions" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/management-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/management-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "product-managers", "title": "Product Managers", "soc": "11-2021", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$166,790", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 395240, "blsSoc": "11-2021" }, "employment": "Cross-functional product leadership role with growing demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI tools now draft specs, synthesize user research, and analyze market data quickly. Prioritization under constraint, engineering partnership, strategic tradeoffs, and accountability for outcomes keep product management augmentation-heavy.", "caveat": "This occupation is mapped to the marketing-managers SOC because no dedicated O*NET product-manager code exists. PMs whose main output is documents face more redesign pressure than those who own decisions.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 78, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Synthesize market and user research", "exposure": 68, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 72, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Draft strategy and roadmap documents", "exposure": 72, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 76, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Prioritize features with engineering", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Evaluate business cases and ROI", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Prioritization judgment", "Technical fluency", "AI-assisted discovery", "Stakeholder alignment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "AI raises output expectations", "Decision ownership protects the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "AI Product Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Ship an AI feature end-to-end", "Define model quality metrics", "Write evaluation rubrics" ] }, { "title": "Growth Product Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run experiment backlogs", "Analyze funnel data", "Partner with data science on tests" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/product-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/product-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "ux-designers", "title": "UX Designers", "soc": "15-1255", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$104,000", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 113330, "blsSoc": "15-1255" }, "employment": "Digital product design role with rapid tool change", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Generative UI tools can produce wireframes, layout variations, and draft copy in seconds. User research, interaction judgment, accessibility expertise, and cross-functional negotiation keep strong designers ahead of the tools.", "caveat": "Production UI work is compressing faster than research-driven product design. Portfolios showing process and outcomes matter more than tool output volume.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 76, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Create prototypes and wireframes", "exposure": 74, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Develop visual design concepts", "exposure": 70, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Conduct user research", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Collaborate on implementation tradeoffs", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Interaction design", "User research synthesis", "Design systems", "Generative UI direction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Generative UI is maturing fast", "Research and systems thinking protect value" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Product Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own end-to-end feature design", "Measure usability outcomes", "Direct AI-generated variants" ] }, { "title": "UX Researcher", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run moderated studies", "Synthesize research repositories", "Validate AI-generated research summaries" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/ux-designers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/ux-designers.json" } }, { "slug": "data-scientists", "title": "Data Scientists", "soc": "15-2051", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$120,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 262440, "blsSoc": "15-2051" }, "employment": "Fast-growing technical role with strong wage buffer", "education": "Bachelor's degree; advanced degrees common", "summary": "AI coding assistants accelerate model prototyping, feature engineering, and analysis code. Problem formulation, experiment design, model validation, and communicating uncertainty to decision-makers keep the role firmly augmentation-led.", "caveat": "Routine modeling work is being absorbed by automation and analyst self-service. Scientists who own ambiguous, high-stakes problems and production impact stay scarce.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 76, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 80, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Build and validate predictive models", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 76, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Write analysis code", "exposure": 74, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 74, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Clean and process large data sets", "exposure": 78, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Present findings to stakeholders", "exposure": 36, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Experiment design", "Model validation", "ML system literacy", "Decision communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "High augmentation upside", "Demand favors business-aware scientists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Machine Learning Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Deploy models to production", "Learn MLOps tooling", "Own monitoring and retraining" ] }, { "title": "Applied AI Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Evaluate foundation models", "Design domain evaluations", "Prototype retrieval systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/data-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/data-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "cybersecurity-specialists", "title": "Cybersecurity Specialists", "soc": "15-1212", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$129,180", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 190650, "blsSoc": "15-1212" }, "employment": "High-demand security role with persistent talent shortage", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI accelerates threat monitoring, risk assessment documentation, and policy drafting, raising each specialist's leverage. Adversarial reasoning, incident containment, access governance, and security culture building remain human-accountable work.", "caveat": "AI also expands the attack surface and volume of threats, which supports demand for defenders. Entry-level monitoring compresses while experienced responders stay scarce.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 18, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor threats and access patterns", "exposure": 64, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 74, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Perform risk assessments and tests", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Document security policies and incidents", "exposure": 66, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Contain incidents and remediate violations", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Threat detection", "Incident response", "Access governance", "Security awareness training" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Talent shortage persists", "AI increases both threats and defender leverage" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Security Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build detection-as-code rules", "Automate response playbooks", "Review AI-generated alerts" ] }, { "title": "Incident Response Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Complete incident simulations", "Write post-incident reviews", "Practice forensic triage" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cybersecurity-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cybersecurity-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "loan-processors", "title": "Loan Interviewers and Clerks", "soc": "43-4131", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$50,020", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 164790, "blsSoc": "43-4131" }, "employment": "Lending support role exposed to digital mortgage workflows", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent; some college common", "summary": "Application verification, document assembly, and data recording are exactly the workflows digital lending platforms automate. Applicant interviews, complex file troubleshooting, and closing coordination keep experienced processors useful.", "caveat": "Standard consumer and mortgage files move fastest toward straight-through processing. Complex, self-employed, or exception-heavy files still need human review.", "scores": { "exposure": 78, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 32, "displacementPressure": 70, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Verify application and closing documents", "exposure": 84, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 34, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Assemble loan closing packages", "exposure": 80, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 36, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Record and track loan applications", "exposure": 82, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 28, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Interview applicants and verify references", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Loan documentation", "Regulatory compliance", "File troubleshooting", "Customer communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Digital lending adoption is steady", "Underwriting bridge raises wages" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Mortgage Underwriter", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study credit analysis basics", "Review guideline manuals", "Shadow underwriting decisions" ] }, { "title": "Loan Operations Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own exception queues", "Audit automated decision output", "Document closing checklists" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/loan-processors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/loan-processors.json" } }, { "slug": "interpreters", "title": "Interpreters", "soc": "27-3091", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$60,170", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 52060, "blsSoc": "27-3091" }, "employment": "Growing language-access role with real-time constraints", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; certification often required", "summary": "Machine translation handles written text far better than live speech. Real-time spoken and signed interpretation in courts, hospitals, and schools carries latency, accuracy, confidentiality, and liability demands that keep human interpreters preferred.", "caveat": "AI interpretation is improving for low-stakes conversations, but certified legal and medical settings require qualified humans by rule or by risk. Specialization and certification are the protective moves.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 58, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Interpret speech in real time", "exposure": 72, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 44, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Render signed language interpretation", "exposure": 48, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 38, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Prepare terminology for sessions", "exposure": 68, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Navigate cultural and ethical judgment", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Simultaneous interpretation", "Domain terminology", "Ethical confidentiality", "Cultural mediation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Real-time constraints protect live work", "Certified medical and legal demand grows" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Medical Interpreter", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Earn healthcare interpreter certification", "Study clinical terminology", "Practice triadic encounter protocols" ] }, { "title": "Localization Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn localization tooling", "Review machine translation quality", "Build terminology glossaries" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/interpreters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/interpreters.json" } }, { "slug": "translators", "title": "Translators", "soc": "27-3091", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$60,170", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 52060, "blsSoc": "27-3091" }, "employment": "Written-language role at the center of machine translation adoption", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Written translation is the single most machine-exposed language task: neural and AI translation now produce usable drafts instantly. Post-editing, literary and marketing nuance, certified translation, and terminology governance are where the work is moving.", "caveat": "Volume-driven general translation rates are under severe pressure. Translators who pivot to post-editing quality ownership, specialization, or transcreation retain pricing power.", "scores": { "exposure": 86, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 72, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Translate written documents", "exposure": 92, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 54, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Localize software and technical content", "exposure": 84, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 60, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Edit machine-translated drafts", "exposure": 76, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Build terminology and style resources", "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Post-editing quality judgment", "Subject-matter specialization", "Terminology management", "Transcreation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high machine substitution pressure", "Post-editing replaces raw translation", "Specialization protects rates" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Localization Project Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage vendor and MT workflows", "Track quality scorecards", "Coordinate multilingual releases" ] }, { "title": "Machine Translation Post-Editor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Define quality thresholds", "Log recurring MT errors", "Certify high-stakes output" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/translators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/translators.json" } }, { "slug": "database-administrators", "title": "Database Administrators", "soc": "15-1242", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$104,620", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 69990, "blsSoc": "15-1242" }, "employment": "Established infrastructure role shifting toward managed platforms", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Routine tuning, backup scheduling, patching, and access provisioning are increasingly automated by cloud database platforms and AI operations tools. Data modeling, security architecture, migration judgment, and outage accountability keep experienced administrators valuable.", "caveat": "Self-managing cloud databases compress traditional DBA task lists, but organizations still need humans accountable for data integrity, recovery, and access governance. Legacy and regulated environments change slowest.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan and implement database security", "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 66, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Monitor and tune database performance", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Test changes and correct errors", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Develop data models and standards", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Data modeling", "Performance tuning", "Access governance", "Cloud database platforms" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Managed platforms absorb routine work", "Data stewardship demand is growing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Data Platform Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn infrastructure-as-code", "Automate provisioning workflows", "Build observability dashboards" ] }, { "title": "Database Reliability Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Practice incident response", "Automate backup verification", "Study distributed systems basics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/database-administrators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/database-administrators.json" } }, { "slug": "network-administrators", "title": "Network and Computer Systems Administrators", "soc": "15-1244", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$99,130", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 314340, "blsSoc": "15-1244" }, "employment": "Broad IT operations role reshaped by cloud migration", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Monitoring, routine maintenance, backups, and configuration tasks are being absorbed by cloud services and AI-driven operations tooling. Troubleshooting complex failures, security implementation, and physical infrastructure judgment remain human-led.", "caveat": "On-premises-heavy employers keep traditional administration demand longer. Administrators who move up into cloud architecture, automation, or security keep strong prospects.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor network performance", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Diagnose and resolve system problems", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Perform backups and recovery operations", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Implement network security measures", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 60, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Network troubleshooting", "Cloud administration", "Automation scripting", "Security implementation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Cloud migration changes the task mix", "Automation skills raise wages" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Cloud Administrator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Earn a cloud certification", "Migrate a service end-to-end", "Automate routine maintenance" ] }, { "title": "Site Reliability Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn monitoring-as-code", "Practice incident postmortems", "Build automation runbooks" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/network-administrators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/network-administrators.json" } }, { "slug": "marketing-managers", "title": "Marketing Managers", "soc": "11-2021", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$166,790", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 395240, "blsSoc": "11-2021" }, "employment": "Leadership role with strong demand for AI-fluent marketers", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI tools now draft campaigns, generate creative variations, and analyze performance data at scale. Brand judgment, budget accountability, team leadership, and cross-channel strategy keep marketing management an augmentation story.", "caveat": "Managers whose value is coordinating production of content face compression as generation costs collapse. Leaders who own positioning, budgets, and growth outcomes gain leverage from the same tools.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 78, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop campaign and brand strategies", "exposure": 52, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct promotional activities and teams", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze market trends and forecasts", "exposure": 64, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Draft plans and performance reports", "exposure": 74, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Brand strategy", "Budget ownership", "AI content operations", "Performance analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Content production is automating", "Strategy and accountability are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Growth Marketing Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own an experiment roadmap", "Measure channel economics", "Direct AI-assisted creative testing" ] }, { "title": "Marketing Analytics Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build attribution dashboards", "Validate AI-generated insights", "Tie spend to revenue outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/marketing-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/marketing-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "compliance-officers", "title": "Compliance Officers", "soc": "13-1041", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$80,730", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 417070, "blsSoc": "13-1041" }, "employment": "Growing regulatory role across finance, health, and industry", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI review tools accelerate document examination, policy mapping, and monitoring report preparation. Regulatory interpretation, investigation judgment, auditor relationships, and accountability for violations keep the role human-anchored.", "caveat": "Regulators increasingly expect humans to oversee AI systems themselves, which supports demand. Routine monitoring compresses while advisory and investigative work grows.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Evaluate records for eligibility and liability", "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 64, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Prepare reports and recommendations", "exposure": 74, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Identify issues requiring investigation", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Interview officials and clarify facts", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Regulatory interpretation", "Investigation methods", "AI oversight review", "Evidence documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI governance creates new demand", "Judgment and accountability are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Regulatory Technology Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Evaluate compliance automation tools", "Audit AI monitoring output", "Map controls to evidence" ] }, { "title": "Risk Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build risk registers", "Quantify control gaps", "Practice scenario analysis" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/compliance-officers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/compliance-officers.json" } }, { "slug": "operations-research-analysts", "title": "Operations Research Analysts", "soc": "15-2031", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$88,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 108510, "blsSoc": "15-2031" }, "employment": "Modeling-heavy analytics role with strong growth", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI assistance accelerates model formulation, validation code, and management reporting. Problem definition, model judgment under conflicting objectives, and implementation collaboration with decision-makers keep this role augmentation-led.", "caveat": "Standardized optimization work is increasingly embedded in software. Analysts who frame the right problem and own adoption of recommendations remain scarce.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 76, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Formulate mathematical models", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Validate and test models", "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Prepare reports recommending solutions", "exposure": 72, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Collaborate with decision makers", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Optimization modeling", "Model validation", "AI-assisted analysis", "Decision facilitation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "High augmentation upside", "Framing skills differentiate analysts" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Decision Scientist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn experimentation methods", "Build decision frameworks", "Partner with product teams" ] }, { "title": "Operations Analytics Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Own an analytics roadmap", "Measure model business impact", "Mentor analyst teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/operations-research-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/operations-research-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "logisticians", "title": "Logisticians", "soc": "13-1081", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$82,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 251040, "blsSoc": "13-1081" }, "employment": "Coordination-heavy supply chain role with steady demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Tracking, allocation, and performance reporting are increasingly automated by logistics platforms. Carrier and subcontractor relationships, disruption response, and lifecycle coordination across product programs keep human logisticians central.", "caveat": "Routine tracking and scheduling automate first. Logisticians who manage exceptions, suppliers, and cross-program coordination keep durable value as supply chains digitize.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Coordinate materials and product flow", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Manage subcontractor and carrier relationships", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Review performance against service targets", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct allocation of supplies and products", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Logistics platforms", "Supplier coordination", "Disruption response", "Lifecycle planning" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Platforms absorb routine coordination", "Exception management stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Transportation Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own carrier scorecards", "Manage routing exceptions", "Negotiate service agreements" ] }, { "title": "Logistics Technology Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Implement tracking systems", "Document workflow automation rules", "Train teams on new platforms" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/logisticians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/logisticians.json" } }, { "slug": "supply-chain-analysts", "title": "Supply Chain Analysts", "soc": "13-1081", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$82,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 251040, "blsSoc": "13-1081" }, "employment": "Analytics-focused supply chain role with growing demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Data compilation, forecast drafting, and performance reporting are strong AI augmentation candidates. Network design judgment, scenario modeling, and translating analytics into sourcing and inventory decisions keep analysts valuable.", "caveat": "Reporting-only analyst work is being absorbed by planning software with AI copilots. Analysts who own forecast accuracy and improvement recommendations stay in demand.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze logistics and inventory data", "exposure": 70, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop forecasts and cost models", "exposure": 64, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare performance reports", "exposure": 76, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Recommend process improvements", "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Demand forecasting", "Planning software fluency", "Scenario modeling", "Executive communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI planning copilots are standardizing", "Forecast ownership is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Demand Planner", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own a forecast category", "Track forecast accuracy metrics", "Run consensus planning meetings" ] }, { "title": "Supply Chain Systems Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Configure planning tools", "Audit AI forecast output", "Document data quality rules" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/supply-chain-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/supply-chain-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "credit-analysts", "title": "Credit Analysts", "soc": "13-2041", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$83,510", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 64390, "blsSoc": "13-2041" }, "employment": "Risk analysis role exposed to automated underwriting", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Financial statement spreading, ratio generation, and draft risk reports are increasingly automated by credit decisioning platforms. Complex commercial judgment, customer context, and loan committee advocacy keep experienced analysts relevant.", "caveat": "Consumer and small-business credit is largely automated already. Analysts focused on complex commercial credits, workouts, and portfolio oversight change more slowly.", "scores": { "exposure": 70, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 56, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze credit data and financial statements", "exposure": 76, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Generate financial ratios", "exposure": 80, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare risk reports", "exposure": 78, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Consult customers on credit issues", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Financial statement analysis", "Credit judgment", "Risk modeling literacy", "Loan committee communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "Automated underwriting is standard", "Complex credit judgment is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Credit Risk Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Validate automated decision models", "Monitor portfolio risk metrics", "Document override rationale" ] }, { "title": "Underwriting Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own complex file reviews", "Study industry risk factors", "Practice exception documentation" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/credit-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/credit-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "personal-financial-advisors", "title": "Personal Financial Advisors", "soc": "13-2052", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$105,070", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 266800, "blsSoc": "13-2052" }, "employment": "Growing advice role with robo-advice competition at the margins", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Robo-advisors and AI planning tools automate portfolio allocation, projections, and plan document drafts. Behavioral coaching, trust, complex family situations, and fiduciary accountability keep human advisors preferred for significant wealth.", "caveat": "Simple investment management is commoditizing fastest. Advisors who specialize in tax, estate, business-owner, or retirement-transition complexity hold their fees better.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Interview clients about goals and finances", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze client financial information", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare plans and projections", "exposure": 72, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Review accounts and adjust plans", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Behavioral coaching", "Tax and estate fluency", "AI planning tools", "Fiduciary judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Robo-advice caps simple planning fees", "Trust and complexity protect advisors" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Financial Planning Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Master planning software", "Direct AI-generated plan drafts", "Document recommendation rationale" ] }, { "title": "Client Relationship Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 92, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Own a client book", "Run review meeting cadences", "Deepen behavioral coaching skills" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/personal-financial-advisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/personal-financial-advisors.json" } }, { "slug": "survey-researchers", "title": "Survey Researchers", "soc": "19-3022", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$69,460", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8290, "blsSoc": "19-3022" }, "employment": "Specialized research role with methodological demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; advanced degrees common", "summary": "Questionnaire drafting, data tabulation, and summary reporting are heavily AI-augmentable. Sampling design, methodology judgment, response-quality evaluation, and client consultation on research needs keep methodological expertise valuable.", "caveat": "AI can draft instruments quickly but also degrades data quality through synthetic respondents and survey fraud, making methodology and validation skills more valuable, not less.", "scores": { "exposure": 68, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design survey instruments", "exposure": 60, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Analyze survey data with statistical software", "exposure": 74, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare summaries and reports", "exposure": 80, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Consult clients on research needs", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Sampling design", "Instrument methodology", "Statistical analysis", "Data quality validation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Synthetic data risks raise methodology value", "Reporting automates first" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Research Data Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Automate analysis pipelines", "Validate AI-generated summaries", "Build reproducible reporting" ] }, { "title": "Insights Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own a research roadmap", "Translate findings into decisions", "Manage vendor and panel quality" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/survey-researchers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/survey-researchers.json" } }, { "slug": "civil-engineers", "title": "Civil Engineers", "soc": "17-2051", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$100,840", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 367840, "blsSoc": "17-2051" }, "employment": "Licensed infrastructure profession with strong public investment", "education": "Bachelor's degree; licensure for advancement", "summary": "Design drafting, quantity estimation, and report preparation are increasingly AI-assisted. Site judgment, regulatory accountability, public safety responsibility, and licensed sign-off keep civil engineering structurally protected.", "caveat": "Production design work inside firms is more exposed than the licensed engineer role. Infrastructure funding and professional licensure support demand regardless of tooling.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design structures with CAD tools", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Compute loads and design specifications", "exposure": 54, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Inspect sites for specification compliance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Prepare reports and cost estimates", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Structural judgment", "BIM and CAD fluency", "Regulatory compliance", "Site inspection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Infrastructure demand is strong", "Licensure protects accountability" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "BIM and Digital Design Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Own firm digital standards", "Evaluate generative design tools", "Train project teams" ] }, { "title": "Water Resources Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn hydraulic modeling", "Study climate resilience standards", "Join watershed project teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/civil-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/civil-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "mechanical-engineers", "title": "Mechanical Engineers", "soc": "17-2141", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$104,110", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 296810, "blsSoc": "17-2141" }, "employment": "Broad engineering profession tied to physical products", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Simulation setup, drawing interpretation, and routine calculations are accelerating with AI-assisted engineering tools. Failure investigation, physical prototyping, cross-disciplinary design judgment, and manufacturing accountability keep the role resilient.", "caveat": "Pure analysis roles are more exposed than roles spanning design, test, and production. Robotics, energy systems, and electrification are adding demand for mechanical skills.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design and evaluate mechanical systems", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Investigate equipment failures", "exposure": 38, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Read and interpret technical drawings", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 60, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Oversee installation and testing", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Systems design", "Failure analysis", "Simulation literacy", "Manufacturing collaboration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI-assisted simulation raises output", "Physical product accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Robotics Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn controls fundamentals", "Prototype with robotics kits", "Study sensor integration" ] }, { "title": "Simulation Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master CAE toolchains", "Validate AI-generated designs", "Build simulation templates" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mechanical-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mechanical-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "electrical-engineers", "title": "Electrical Engineers", "soc": "17-2071", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$120,630", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 198750, "blsSoc": "17-2071" }, "employment": "Engineering profession with electrification-driven demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Schematic drafting, calculation, and specification preparation are increasingly AI-assisted. Hardware debugging, safety accountability, installation inspection, and system-level judgment across power and electronics keep the role resilient.", "caveat": "Grid modernization, data centers, and electrification are expanding demand faster than AI compresses tasks. Licensed and safety-critical work changes slowest.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design electrical systems and components", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 70, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Perform engineering calculations", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare technical drawings and specs", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect installations for compliance", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Circuit and systems design", "Power systems knowledge", "Safety standards", "AI-assisted design tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Electrification supports demand", "Design productivity is rising with tools" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Embedded Systems Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn firmware basics", "Prototype with microcontrollers", "Study hardware-software integration" ] }, { "title": "Automation Systems Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn industrial controls", "Program PLC systems", "Document automation safety standards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/electrical-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/electrical-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "ux-researchers", "title": "UX Researchers", "soc": "13-1161", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$78,760", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 899580, "blsSoc": "13-1161" }, "employment": "Product research role reshaped by AI analysis tools", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Transcription, theme extraction, and findings reports are now AI-accelerated, and synthetic-user tools promise cheap research. Study design, participant recruitment, behavioral observation, and organizational influence keep real research defensible.", "caveat": "Teams may substitute AI-simulated users for some exploratory work, but regulated, accessibility, and high-stakes product decisions still require evidence from real participants.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct usability studies", "exposure": 48, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze user feedback and behavior data", "exposure": 72, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare research findings reports", "exposure": 78, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Plan research methods with teams", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Study design", "Moderated interviewing", "AI synthesis validation", "Stakeholder influence" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Synthetic research tools are emerging", "Evidence quality judgment is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Research Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Build participant panels", "Standardize research repositories", "Govern AI-assisted analysis quality" ] }, { "title": "Product Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn product metrics", "Combine qualitative and quantitative evidence", "Run experiment readouts" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/ux-researchers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/ux-researchers.json" } }, { "slug": "machine-learning-engineers", "title": "Machine Learning Engineers", "soc": "15-2051", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$120,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 262440, "blsSoc": "15-2051" }, "employment": "Fast-growing role building and operating AI systems", "education": "Bachelor's degree; advanced degrees common", "summary": "The engineers building AI systems benefit most from them: scaffolding, training code, and evaluation harnesses are increasingly AI-written. System design, production reliability, evaluation judgment, and data pipeline ownership keep demand strong.", "caveat": "This is the occupation closest to the technology itself, so task churn is constant. Engineers who only train models on clean datasets are more exposed than those who own production systems.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 78, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 80, "wageVulnerability": 18, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Build and deploy ML pipelines", "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 76, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Write model training code", "exposure": 76, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 76, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Evaluate model performance", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Monitor production models", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "ML system design", "Evaluation engineering", "MLOps tooling", "AI pair programming" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Demand outpaces supply", "Production skills outweigh modeling-only skills" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "MLOps Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own deployment pipelines", "Build monitoring and drift detection", "Automate retraining workflows" ] }, { "title": "AI Platform Architect", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Design model serving infrastructure", "Evaluate build-versus-buy tradeoffs", "Set platform reliability standards" ] } ], "sources": [ "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/machine-learning-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/machine-learning-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "laborers-freight-movers", "title": "Laborers and Freight, Stock, and Material Movers, Hand", "soc": "53-7062", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$40,240", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2950280, "blsSoc": "53-7062" }, "employment": "Very large manual handling workforce across ports, sites, and warehouses", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Manual loading, sorting, and moving work faces pressure from warehouse robotics and mechanized handling, especially in high-volume facilities. Irregular environments, construction sites, docks, and mixed physical tasks resist full automation.", "caveat": "Automation concentrates where work is standardized and volumes justify capital. Manual laborers outside fulfillment centers face slower change, but wage vulnerability makes upskilling urgent.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 76, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Move freight by hand", "exposure": 44, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Sort and stack cargo", "exposure": 52, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record units handled", "exposure": 70, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 34, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Read work orders and instructions", "exposure": 60, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 42, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Physical reliability", "Safety habits", "Equipment familiarity", "Basic inventory literacy" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "High wage vulnerability", "Equipment skills open better-paid paths" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Heavy Equipment Operator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 138, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Get equipment certifications", "Log supervised operating hours", "Study site safety rules" ] }, { "title": "Crew Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own shift task assignments", "Track daily completion counts", "Coach new crew members" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/laborers-freight-movers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/laborers-freight-movers.json" } }, { "slug": "delivery-drivers", "title": "Light Truck Drivers", "soc": "53-3033", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$44,860", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 983300, "blsSoc": "53-3033" }, "employment": "Large last-mile delivery workforce with ecommerce demand", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent common", "summary": "Route optimization and dispatch apps already direct most delivery work, and autonomous delivery pilots target the same routes. Apartment complexes, customer handoffs, vehicle care, and exception handling keep human drivers needed near term.", "caveat": "Autonomous delivery is progressing on fixed, simple routes first. Ecommerce volume keeps driver demand high for now, but the long-run direction argues for building operations or logistics skills.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drive routes to deliver goods", "exposure": 34, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Verify loads against shipping papers", "exposure": 62, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Follow navigation and routing guidance", "exposure": 72, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Handle payments and customer handoffs", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Route efficiency", "Customer handoff judgment", "Vehicle maintenance basics", "Delivery exception handling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Autonomous delivery is in pilots", "Last-mile complexity slows full automation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Route Operations Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Track route exception data", "Document delivery bottlenecks", "Coordinate driver schedules" ] }, { "title": "Fleet Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage vehicle maintenance logs", "Monitor fleet telematics", "Coordinate driver assignments" ] } ], "sources": [ "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/delivery-drivers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/delivery-drivers.json" } }, { "slug": "forklift-operators", "title": "Industrial Truck and Tractor Operators", "soc": "53-7051", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$46,420", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 774420, "blsSoc": "53-7051" }, "employment": "Large equipment operation role inside warehouses and yards", "education": "No formal educational credential; certification required", "summary": "Automated guided vehicles and robotic pallet handling target exactly the repetitive loops forklift operators run in large facilities. Mixed loads, irregular yards, safety judgment, and equipment care keep skilled operators needed outside automated sites.", "caveat": "Highly automated fulfillment centers reduce operator counts first. Construction supply, manufacturing, and smaller warehouses keep conventional operation demand much longer.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate lifting equipment", "exposure": 36, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Position and secure loads", "exposure": 30, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect loads for accuracy", "exposure": 52, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Record weights and production data", "exposure": 64, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 34, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Equipment certification", "Load safety judgment", "Warehouse systems", "Basic maintenance habits" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Automation targets repetitive loops", "Technical upskilling raises wages" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Warehouse Automation Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn conveyor and robotics basics", "Shadow maintenance technicians", "Study safety lockout procedures" ] }, { "title": "Inventory Control Associate", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run cycle counts", "Investigate stock discrepancies", "Learn warehouse management systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/forklift-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/forklift-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "industrial-machinery-mechanics", "title": "Industrial Machinery Mechanics", "soc": "49-9041", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$64,520", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 439640, "blsSoc": "49-9041" }, "employment": "Skilled maintenance role with growing automation-driven demand", "education": "High school diploma plus apprenticeship or training", "summary": "Predictive maintenance sensors and AI diagnostics change how failures are found, but hands-on repair, disassembly, alignment, and fabrication remain stubbornly physical. More factory automation literally means more machines needing mechanics.", "caveat": "This role benefits from the automation wave rather than being displaced by it. Mechanics who add controls, robotics, and data skills command the strongest wages.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Repair and maintain machinery", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Diagnose malfunctions with test devices", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Analyze error messages and test results", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Record repairs and parts used", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 50, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Mechanical troubleshooting", "Predictive maintenance tools", "Welding and fabrication", "Controls literacy" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Automation increases mechanic demand", "Data skills differentiate senior mechanics" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Automation Maintenance Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn PLC basics", "Maintain robotic cells", "Interpret sensor alert data" ] }, { "title": "Reliability Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Analyze failure history data", "Build preventive maintenance plans", "Track equipment health metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/industrial-machinery-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/industrial-machinery-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "welders", "title": "Welders, Cutters, Solderers, and Brazers", "soc": "51-4121", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$53,750", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 416210, "blsSoc": "51-4121" }, "employment": "Skilled fabrication trade with persistent shortages", "education": "High school diploma plus technical training or apprenticeship", "summary": "Robotic welding handles high-volume repetitive seams, but most welding work happens in variable positions, environments, and materials where human judgment, setup skill, and certification matter. AI assists inspection and planning more than it replaces welders.", "caveat": "Mass-production welding cells automate first; field, repair, and custom fabrication work does not. Certified welders in structural, pipeline, or aerospace work face very low displacement risk.", "scores": { "exposure": 16, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Weld components in varied positions", "exposure": 12, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect workpieces for defects", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Read blueprints and plan welds", "exposure": 40, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Set up and adjust equipment", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Multiple welding processes", "Blueprint reading", "Metallurgy basics", "Quality inspection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Trade shortages persist", "Certification drives wage premiums" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Robotic Welding Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn robotic cell programming", "Set up weld fixtures", "Verify automated weld quality" ] }, { "title": "Welding Inspector", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study for CWI certification", "Document weld procedures", "Practice defect identification" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/welders/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/welders.json" } }, { "slug": "plumbers", "title": "Plumbers, Pipefitters, and Steamfitters", "soc": "47-2152", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$63,800", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 465840, "blsSoc": "47-2152" }, "employment": "Licensed trade with durable local demand", "education": "Apprenticeship plus state license", "summary": "Plumbing happens inside walls, under floors, and in aging buildings where no two jobs match. AI can help with diagnostics, estimating, and code lookup, but installation, repair, and inspection work is physical, licensed, and local.", "caveat": "Licensing, building codes, and the sheer variety of existing structures make this one of the most AI-resilient occupations. The main change is better tools, not fewer plumbers.", "scores": { "exposure": 14, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install piping systems and fixtures", "exposure": 10, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Diagnose leaks and system faults", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Review codes and blueprints", "exposure": 36, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Document work and prepare estimates", "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "System diagnostics", "Code compliance", "Field problem-solving", "Estimating" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Licensing protects the trade", "Green plumbing adds new demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Plumbing Estimator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Use estimating software", "Build material takeoffs", "Review job-cost variance" ] }, { "title": "Plumbing Inspector", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study inspection certification requirements", "Deepen code knowledge", "Shadow municipal inspectors" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/plumbers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/plumbers.json" } }, { "slug": "carpenters", "title": "Carpenters", "soc": "47-2031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$60,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 670090, "blsSoc": "47-2031" }, "employment": "Large construction trade with renovation-driven demand", "education": "Apprenticeship or on-the-job training", "summary": "Framing, finishing, and repair carpentry are physical, site-specific, and highly variable. AI tools help with layout, measurement, and estimating, while prefab and robotics absorb only the standardized factory portions of the trade.", "caveat": "Factory-built components change what gets built on site, but renovation, custom, and finish work keeps skilled carpenters in demand. Layout and digital measurement tools augment rather than replace.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Measure, cut, and shape materials", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Study blueprints and plan layout", "exposure": 36, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Install structures and fixtures", "exposure": 12, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare estimates and job records", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 50, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Layout precision", "Blueprint reading", "Finish craftsmanship", "Digital measurement tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Housing and renovation demand persists", "Prefab shifts but does not eliminate site work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lead Carpenter", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 82, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Run daily crew coordination", "Own quality walkthroughs", "Track material usage" ] }, { "title": "Building Inspector", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study building codes systematically", "Pursue inspector certification", "Document construction defects" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/carpenters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/carpenters.json" } }, { "slug": "hvac-technicians", "title": "Heating, Air Conditioning, and Refrigeration Mechanics and Installers", "soc": "49-9021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$61,010", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 409670, "blsSoc": "49-9021" }, "employment": "Skilled trade with heat-pump and efficiency-driven growth", "education": "Postsecondary certificate plus apprenticeship; EPA certification required", "summary": "Smart diagnostics and connected thermostats help technicians find faults faster, but installation, brazing, refrigerant handling, and system balancing are hands-on work in every kind of building. Efficiency mandates and electrification are expanding demand.", "caveat": "Regulatory refrigerant rules and heat-pump adoption add work rather than remove it. Technicians who master smart controls and diagnostics tools become more productive, not redundant.", "scores": { "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install heating and cooling systems", "exposure": 12, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test circuits and diagnose faults", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Discuss malfunctions with customers", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Record work orders and parts", "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "System diagnostics", "Refrigerant handling", "Smart controls", "Customer communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Electrification expands demand", "Diagnostics tools augment skilled techs" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Building Automation Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn building management systems", "Program control sequences", "Analyze energy usage data" ] }, { "title": "HVAC Estimator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Use takeoff software", "Price retrofit projects", "Track install cost variance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/hvac-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/hvac-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "construction-managers", "title": "Construction Managers", "soc": "11-9021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$114,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 380360, "blsSoc": "11-9021" }, "employment": "Field leadership role with strong construction demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; experience-weighted", "summary": "AI tools accelerate scheduling, cost reporting, and document review, but coordinating crews, subcontractors, inspectors, weather, and change orders on live sites is irreducibly situational. The role gains productivity tools without losing its human core.", "caveat": "Office-side coordination compresses while site leadership does not. Managers who adopt scheduling and estimating software widen their advantage over those who do not.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan and schedule project activities", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare budgets and cost reports", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct and supervise site workers", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect projects for code compliance", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Site coordination", "Cost control", "Contract negotiation", "Construction technology adoption" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Field leadership is irreplaceable", "Software fluency widens the gap" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Virtual Design and Construction Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn BIM coordination", "Run model-based clash reviews", "Digitize field reporting" ] }, { "title": "Construction Estimator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master estimating platforms", "Build cost databases", "Review bid accuracy over time" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/construction-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/construction-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "file-clerks", "title": "File Clerks", "soc": "43-4071", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$43,600", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 73440, "blsSoc": "43-4071" }, "employment": "Clerical role in steep structural decline", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Sorting, classifying, storing, and retrieving records is a workflow that document management systems and AI classification now perform almost entirely. Records retention judgment, confidentiality handling, and digitization oversight are the remaining footholds.", "caveat": "This occupation has been shrinking for two decades as paper workflows digitize. The realistic move is converting records knowledge into information governance, not waiting for filing demand to return.", "scores": { "exposure": 88, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 82, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 70 }, "riskBand": "very_high", "riskLabel": "Very High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Sort and classify records", "exposure": 90, "automation": 76, "augmentation": 18, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Retrieve files on request", "exposure": 84, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 24, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Track and log file movement", "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 26, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Purge outdated materials per rules", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Records retention rules", "Document management systems", "Confidential handling", "Digitization QA" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Occupation in steep decline", "Information governance bridge is viable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Records and Information Governance Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn retention schedules", "Audit digitized record quality", "Document access rules" ] }, { "title": "Document Control Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own version control workflows", "Track document approvals", "Maintain controlled libraries" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/file-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/file-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "court-reporters", "title": "Court Reporters and Simultaneous Captioners", "soc": "27-3092", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$72,420", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12870, "blsSoc": "27-3092" }, "employment": "Specialized legal record role with certification barriers", "education": "Postsecondary certificate; state certification often required", "summary": "Speech recognition can now produce rough verbatim transcripts cheaply, pressuring the core stenographic task. Certified accuracy, real-time captioning, legal formatting, and courtroom procedure keep certified reporters preferred for official records.", "caveat": "Many jurisdictions face reporter shortages even as digital recording spreads, because courts still require certified, legally defensible transcripts. The role is being reshaped toward transcript verification more than eliminated.", "scores": { "exposure": 78, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 64, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Record verbatim proceedings", "exposure": 82, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 40, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Proofread and certify transcripts", "exposure": 72, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Provide real-time captioning", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 48, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Manage exhibits and record requests", "exposure": 48, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 42, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Realtime stenography", "Legal terminology", "Transcript certification", "Captioning standards" ], "marketSignals": [ "High task exposure", "Certification protects official records", "Verification roles are emerging" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Transcript Quality Reviewer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Audit AI-generated transcripts", "Correct legal terminology errors", "Certify final records" ] }, { "title": "CART Captioner", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Practice real-time captioning", "Learn accessibility standards", "Serve education and event clients" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/court-reporters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/court-reporters.json" } }, { "slug": "postal-service-clerks", "title": "Postal Service Clerks", "soc": "43-5051", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$62,130", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 73720, "blsSoc": "43-5051" }, "employment": "Declining federal service role with self-service pressure", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Mail sorting is heavily automated, and kiosks plus online postage absorb routine counter transactions. Complex mail questions, regulation guidance, identity verification, and accountable-mail handling remain the human counter work.", "caveat": "Volume decline in first-class mail drives staffing more than AI does. Clerks who handle business mail, passports, and accountable items retain more durable roles than pure window-service positions.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 66, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Weigh parcels and compute postage", "exposure": 78, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 18, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Sort incoming and outgoing mail", "exposure": 84, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Answer mailing regulation questions", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 44, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Handle registered and accountable mail", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 36, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Postal regulations", "Counter service", "Accountable mail handling", "Cash and receipt accuracy" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Mail volume decline compounds automation", "Government service skills transfer" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Passport Acceptance Agent", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Learn identity verification rules", "Own application review accuracy", "Track processing timelines" ] }, { "title": "Logistics Support Clerk", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Learn shipping software", "Track delivery exceptions", "Practice carrier rate lookup" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/postal-service-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/postal-service-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "pharmacy-technicians", "title": "Pharmacy Technicians", "soc": "29-2052", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$45,750", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 471680, "blsSoc": "29-2052" }, "employment": "Growing pharmacy support role with dispensing automation", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training; certification common", "summary": "Counting, labeling, and inventory tasks are increasingly handled by dispensing robots and pharmacy automation. Patient interaction, insurance problem-solving, sterile compounding, and pharmacist support keep certified technicians needed.", "caveat": "Retail dispensing automation is real, but technician roles are expanding into vaccination support, compounding, and clinical assistance under pharmacist supervision. Certification and specialization matter.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Enter prescription data", "exposure": 76, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Fill and label medications", "exposure": 62, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Process insurance claims", "exposure": 66, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Assist patients at the counter", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Pharmacy software", "Insurance troubleshooting", "Sterile compounding", "Medication safety habits" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Dispensing robots absorb volume work", "Expanded clinical scope is growing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Pharmacy Automation Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Maintain dispensing robots", "Audit automated fill accuracy", "Manage exception queues" ] }, { "title": "Sterile Compounding Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Earn advanced certification", "Master aseptic technique", "Document compounding quality" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/pharmacy-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/pharmacy-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "dental-assistants", "title": "Dental Assistants", "soc": "31-9091", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$48,070", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 387790, "blsSoc": "31-9091" }, "employment": "Growing hands-on clinical support role", "education": "Postsecondary certificate common; state requirements vary", "summary": "Chairside assistance, instrument sterilization, and patient preparation are physical, in-person tasks AI cannot perform. Digital records, AI imaging review, and scheduling tools change the administrative portion of the job, not the clinical core.", "caveat": "This is one of the more AI-resilient healthcare support roles. The main change is learning digital charting and imaging tools rather than facing displacement.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assist dentist during procedures", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Sterilize instruments and set up trays", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record treatment information", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Schedule appointments and process billing", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 46, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Chairside assistance", "Infection control", "Digital charting", "Patient comfort" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Clinical demand is growing", "Digital records skills are expected" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Dental Hygienist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 168, "trainingMonths": "18-30", "actions": [ "Complete prerequisites", "Apply to hygiene programs", "Shadow hygiene workflows" ] }, { "title": "Dental Office Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own scheduling optimization", "Manage insurance verification", "Track supply inventory" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/dental-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/dental-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "licensed-practical-nurses", "title": "Licensed Practical and Licensed Vocational Nurses", "soc": "29-2061", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$64,400", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 648410, "blsSoc": "29-2061" }, "employment": "Licensed bedside role with persistent long-term-care demand", "education": "Postsecondary certificate plus state license", "summary": "Charting and vitals documentation are being streamlined by AI documentation tools, but administering medication, wound care, patient observation, and hands-on basic nursing are licensed physical tasks with durable demand in aging-care settings.", "caveat": "Long-term care and home health keep LPN demand structurally strong. AI changes documentation workload, not the need for licensed hands-on nursing.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer medications and treatments", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor and chart patient conditions", "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Measure and record vital signs", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Provide basic patient care", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Medication administration", "Patient observation", "AI-assisted charting", "Care team communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Aging demographics drive demand", "Documentation tools reduce burnout" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Registered Nurse", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 138, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Enter an LPN-to-RN bridge", "Plan prerequisite coursework", "Shadow RN responsibilities" ] }, { "title": "Care Team Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Coordinate care plans", "Track patient follow-ups", "Use AI flagging for condition changes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/licensed-practical-nurses/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/licensed-practical-nurses.json" } }, { "slug": "physical-therapist-assistants", "title": "Physical Therapist Assistants", "soc": "31-2021", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$68,380", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 112430, "blsSoc": "31-2021" }, "employment": "Fast-growing rehabilitation role with aging-population demand", "education": "Associate degree plus state license", "summary": "Guiding patients through exercises, manual therapy, and mobility training is embodied work that requires presence, touch, and motivation. Documentation tools reduce note-writing burden; the therapeutic relationship and hands-on treatment remain the job.", "caveat": "Rehabilitation demand is rising with an aging population, and licensure plus physical treatment make this one of the most AI-resilient clinical roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Guide patients through exercises", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document patient progress", "exposure": 54, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Administer manual therapy and modalities", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Instruct patients and caregivers", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Therapeutic exercise", "Patient motivation", "Progress documentation", "Modality administration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Strong growth outlook", "Documentation automation is a relief" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Physical Therapist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 152, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete DPT prerequisites", "Build observation hours", "Plan doctoral program applications" ] }, { "title": "Rehabilitation Program Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Coordinate treatment schedules", "Track outcome metrics", "Manage home exercise programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/physical-therapist-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/physical-therapist-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "radiologic-technologists", "title": "Radiologic Technologists and Technicians", "soc": "29-2034", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$80,110", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 230490, "blsSoc": "29-2034" }, "employment": "Licensed imaging role with steady diagnostic demand", "education": "Associate degree plus state licensure or certification", "summary": "AI image analysis anxiety targets radiologists more than technologists. Patient positioning, radiation safety, equipment operation, and image quality judgment are licensed, hands-on tasks where AI serves as a second reader rather than a replacement.", "caveat": "AI reading tools change what radiologists do with images, but someone must still position patients, manage dose, and produce diagnostic-quality scans. Workflow and licensure anchor this role.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Position patients and equipment", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Evaluate image quality", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Apply radiation safety measures", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Explain procedures and monitor patients", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Imaging equipment operation", "Radiation safety", "Patient positioning", "AI image-quality review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI augments reading, not scanning", "Licensure anchors the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "MRI Technologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete MRI clinical training", "Study cross-sectional anatomy", "Earn advanced modality certification" ] }, { "title": "Imaging Informatics Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn PACS administration", "Audit AI flagging accuracy", "Manage imaging data workflows" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/radiologic-technologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/radiologic-technologists.json" } }, { "slug": "diagnostic-medical-sonographers", "title": "Diagnostic Medical Sonographers", "soc": "29-2032", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$96,590", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 90160, "blsSoc": "29-2032" }, "employment": "Fast-growing imaging specialty with operator-dependent technique", "education": "Associate degree plus professional certification", "summary": "Ultrasound is uniquely operator-dependent: image quality comes from real-time probe technique on a moving patient. AI helps with measurements and documentation, but acquiring diagnostic images, judging anatomy live, and deciding when to extend an exam remain human skills.", "caveat": "Unlike static imaging, sonography cannot be separated from the person performing the scan. AI measurement assistance increases throughput, which supports demand rather than displacing operators.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Acquire diagnostic ultrasound images", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Select and record key images", "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Provide technical findings to physicians", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 54, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Care for patients during exams", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 22, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Sonographic technique", "Anatomy recognition", "AI measurement review", "Patient communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Strong specialty growth", "Operator skill is the product" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Cardiac Sonographer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn echocardiography credential", "Build cardiac scan volume", "Study hemodynamics" ] }, { "title": "Sonography Clinical Educator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Train students on technique", "Standardize scanning protocols", "Evaluate AI-assisted measurements" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/diagnostic-medical-sonographers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/diagnostic-medical-sonographers.json" } }, { "slug": "public-relations-specialists", "title": "Public Relations Specialists", "soc": "27-3031", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$74,750", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 283380, "blsSoc": "27-3031" }, "employment": "Communications role with reputation-driven demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Press release drafts, media monitoring, and coverage reports are now AI-accelerated commodities. Journalist relationships, crisis judgment, executive counsel, and stakeholder trust remain work that cannot be delegated to a model.", "caveat": "Drafting-heavy PR roles compress fastest. Specialists who own media relationships, crisis response, and strategic counsel see their leverage rise as content volume becomes cheap.", "scores": { "exposure": 68, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft press releases and statements", "exposure": 84, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Monitor media coverage", "exposure": 74, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Manage journalist relationships", "exposure": 26, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Advise executives on messaging", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Media relations", "Crisis communication", "Message strategy", "AI drafting direction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Drafting is commoditizing", "Trust and judgment protect senior roles" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Crisis Communications Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build crisis playbooks", "Run simulation exercises", "Own executive briefing materials" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Communications Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own internal comms cadence", "Measure message effectiveness", "Set AI content guidelines" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/public-relations-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/public-relations-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "interior-designers", "title": "Interior Designers", "soc": "27-1025", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$67,190", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 71500, "blsSoc": "27-1025" }, "employment": "Licensed-adjacent design role with consumer AI tool pressure", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; licensure in some states", "summary": "Consumer AI tools now generate room concepts and mood boards instantly, pressuring the visualization portion of the job. Code compliance, space planning judgment, contractor coordination, and client relationship management keep professional designers distinct.", "caveat": "DIY concept generation erodes the low end of the market. Designers anchored in code knowledge, commercial projects, and full-service execution remain well positioned.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Render design concepts", "exposure": 78, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Produce construction documents with CAD", "exposure": 64, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Research codes and safety requirements", "exposure": 46, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Coordinate contractors and installations", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Space planning", "Building codes", "CAD and rendering direction", "Client management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Consumer tools commoditize concepts", "Compliance and execution protect pros" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Commercial Interior Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Deepen code expertise", "Build a commercial portfolio", "Own contractor coordination" ] }, { "title": "Design Project Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage budgets and schedules", "Run procurement workflows", "Track installation quality" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/interior-designers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/interior-designers.json" } }, { "slug": "fashion-designers", "title": "Fashion Designers", "soc": "27-1022", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$80,960", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 21450, "blsSoc": "27-1022" }, "employment": "Creative role concentrated in fashion hubs", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI image generation accelerates concept sketches, trend boards, and variation exploration. Material selection, fit judgment, production coordination, and original creative vision remain the craft that separates designers from prompt output.", "caveat": "Fast-fashion adaptation work is most exposed to generative tools. Designers with strong technical construction skills and distinctive creative identities keep pricing power.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Sketch designs and write specifications", "exposure": 76, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Research trends and target markets", "exposure": 66, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Select materials and production techniques", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct sample construction", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Creative direction", "Garment construction", "Material knowledge", "AI concept exploration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Concept generation is commoditizing", "Technical craft differentiates designers" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Technical Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own fit and spec accuracy", "Review factory samples", "Digitize pattern workflows" ] }, { "title": "Apparel Product Developer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage vendor timelines", "Track costing sheets", "Coordinate sample rounds" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fashion-designers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fashion-designers.json" } }, { "slug": "book-authors", "title": "Book Authors", "soc": "27-3043", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$76,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 47940, "blsSoc": "27-3043" }, "employment": "Freelance-dominated creative occupation with winner-take-most economics", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; no formal requirement", "summary": "Generative writing can produce competent long-form drafts, flooding the market with content. Distinctive voice, deep research, lived experience, and reader relationships remain what separates working authors from commodity text.", "caveat": "The threat is market flooding more than direct replacement: readers still buy specific authors, not generic text. Genre volume publishing is most exposed; distinctive literary and authority-driven work is not.", "scores": { "exposure": 86, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft long-form manuscripts", "exposure": 88, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Develop plots and characters", "exposure": 68, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Research subjects and settings", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Engage readers and promote work", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Narrative craft", "Original research", "Voice development", "AI-assisted drafting workflows" ], "marketSignals": [ "High market-flooding pressure", "Voice and audience protect authors", "AI raises draft speed for those who direct it" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Developmental Editor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 98, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Edit other authors' manuscripts", "Build editorial assessment samples", "Join publishing networks" ] }, { "title": "Narrative Content Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own brand storytelling", "Direct AI-assisted content teams", "Measure narrative engagement" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/book-authors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/book-authors.json" } }, { "slug": "musicians-singers", "title": "Musicians and Singers", "soc": "27-2042", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$81,410", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 36180, "blsSoc": "27-2042" }, "employment": "Live-performance-centered occupation with gig economics", "education": "No formal credential required; intensive training typical", "summary": "Generative music tools can produce serviceable background tracks, pressuring stock and session work. Live performance, improvisation, teaching, and the artist-fan relationship remain human territory, with synthetic vocals raising rights questions rather than filling venues.", "caveat": "Recorded commodity music faces real synthetic competition, but most musician income comes from live work, teaching, and fan relationships. Voice and likeness rights are the contested frontier, not stage presence.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Perform for live audiences", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record studio sessions", "exposure": 52, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Compose and arrange music", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 64, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Rehearse and develop technique", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Live performance", "Improvisation", "Music production literacy", "Audience building" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate synthetic-media pressure", "Live performance is resilient", "Rights protection is an active battleground" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Music Producer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Master production software", "Direct AI-assisted composition", "Build a production portfolio" ] }, { "title": "Music Teacher", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 86, "trainingMonths": "2-6", "actions": [ "Build a teaching studio", "Create curriculum materials", "Teach through local schools or platforms" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/musicians-singers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/musicians-singers.json" } }, { "slug": "actors", "title": "Actors", "soc": "27-2011", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$48,530", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 55000, "blsSoc": "27-2011" }, "employment": "Project-based performance occupation with strong union presence", "education": "No formal credential required; conservatory training common", "summary": "Digital doubles and synthetic performers now handle background and some commercial work, which drove recent strikes and contract fights. Embodied performance, live theatre, emotional range, and star identity remain irreducibly human.", "caveat": "The synthetic-media threat is concentrated in background, voiceover, and likeness licensing — the areas unions are actively regulating. Principal performance and live work remain protected by audience preference for humans.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Portray characters on stage or screen", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Rehearse scripts and memorize roles", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Record voiceover and narration", "exposure": 64, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 48, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Audition and promote work", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Emotional performance", "Physical embodiment", "Voice craft", "Self-promotion" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate synthetic-media pressure", "Union contracts are shaping AI use", "Live performance stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Acting Coach", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "2-6", "actions": [ "Build a coaching client base", "Develop scene-study curriculum", "Record coaching testimonials" ] }, { "title": "Content Creator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build an owned audience channel", "Produce short-form performance content", "Monetize through multiple streams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/actors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/actors.json" } }, { "slug": "advertising-sales-agents", "title": "Advertising Sales Agents", "soc": "41-3011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$64,820", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 91700, "blsSoc": "41-3011" }, "employment": "Media sales role pressured by self-serve ad platforms", "education": "High school diploma to bachelor's degree varies", "summary": "Self-serve ad platforms have absorbed the transactional middle of advertising sales. Consultative selling, local business relationships, campaign strategy, and multi-channel package design remain where human agents earn their commissions.", "caveat": "Programmatic and self-serve platforms keep taking share of standardized inventory. Agents selling complex local, sponsorship, or integrated packages hold up better than order-takers.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver sales presentations", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 62, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Locate and contact potential clients", "exposure": 70, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Develop promotional plans for clients", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain and grow account relationships", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Consultative selling", "Campaign analytics", "Local market knowledge", "Proposal development" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Self-serve platforms take transactional share", "Consultative selling stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Digital Advertising Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn ad platform management", "Measure campaign ROI", "Build client performance reports" ] }, { "title": "Account Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Own renewal conversations", "Map client stakeholder needs", "Track account growth metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/advertising-sales-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/advertising-sales-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "tellers-financial-clerks", "title": "New Accounts Clerks", "soc": "43-4141", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$47,670", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 36860, "blsSoc": "43-4141" }, "employment": "Branch banking support role pressured by digital onboarding", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Account opening, application intake, and document processing are moving to digital onboarding flows and AI document review. Needs-based conversations, error investigation, and referral to bankers for complex needs keep branch staff relevant.", "caveat": "This record covers new-accounts and financial-intake work rather than transaction tellering. Digital account opening compresses routine intake fastest; advisory-oriented branch roles hold up better.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 68, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compile and enter new account information", "exposure": 82, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 26, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Interview customers for account opening", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Explain available financial services", "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 56, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Investigate and correct account errors", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Account opening procedures", "Needs-based conversation", "Compliance documentation", "Error resolution" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure on intake work", "Digital onboarding is standard", "Advisory skills protect branch roles" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Personal Banker", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Practice needs-based selling", "Earn branch certifications", "Build a referral pipeline" ] }, { "title": "Loan Processing Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn loan documentation requirements", "Shadow a processor through five files", "Build accuracy and compliance habits" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tellers-financial-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tellers-financial-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "hotel-desk-clerks", "title": "Hotel, Motel, and Resort Desk Clerks", "soc": "43-4081", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$35,070", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 261420, "blsSoc": "43-4081" }, "employment": "Hospitality front-desk role with kiosk and chatbot exposure", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Online check-in, mobile keys, and chatbots absorb routine registration and question-answering. Guest problem resolution, upgrades and service recovery, local knowledge, and the hospitality impression remain human work in full-service properties.", "caveat": "Limited-service and budget properties automate the desk fastest. Full-service hotels keep front-desk staff for experience quality, though staffing ratios continue to shrink.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 58, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Register guests and assign rooms", "exposure": 76, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 26, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Answer routine guest questions", "exposure": 72, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 36, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Resolve guest problems", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Coordinate with housekeeping and maintenance", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Guest recovery", "Property management systems", "Local knowledge", "Shift coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high automation pressure", "Self-service check-in is spreading", "Experience quality keeps humans at full-service desks" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Guest Experience Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Own guest feedback loops", "Design service recovery plays", "Track satisfaction metrics" ] }, { "title": "Hotel Operations Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run shift handoffs", "Coordinate departments", "Track occupancy and service metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/hotel-desk-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/hotel-desk-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "waiters-waitresses", "title": "Waiters and Waitresses", "soc": "35-3031", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$35,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2270910, "blsSoc": "35-3031" }, "employment": "Very large in-person service role", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Tablets and QR ordering handle order capture, and robotic runners appear in some chains. Carrying meals, reading tables, upselling, dietary judgment, and turning a meal into an experience remain physical and social work robots do not do.", "caveat": "Counter-service formats automate ordering fastest. Full-service dining keeps servers because hospitality is the product, though technology shrinks section sizes and changes the job mix.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 78, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Take and transmit orders", "exposure": 68, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 20, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Serve food and beverages", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check on diners and fix problems", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Recommend menu items", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Service recovery", "Menu knowledge", "Upselling", "Physical stamina" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Ordering technology shrinks sections", "Full-service hospitality stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Shift Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own floor coordination", "Train new servers", "Handle escalated guest issues" ] }, { "title": "Catering Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Plan event service logistics", "Build client proposals", "Coordinate staffing for events" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/waiters-waitresses/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/waiters-waitresses.json" } }, { "slug": "bartenders", "title": "Bartenders", "soc": "35-3011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$34,340", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 756390, "blsSoc": "35-3011" }, "employment": "Large social service role with experiential demand", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Automated pour systems exist, but bartending is atmosphere work: conversation, crowd reading, judgment about intoxication, and craft presentation. The social contract of a bar resists automation far more than its recipe book does.", "caveat": "High-volume venues adopt pouring automation for speed, but hospitality-driven bars keep bartenders because the person is part of the product. Liability rules reinforce human oversight of alcohol service.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 74, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Mix and serve drinks", "exposure": 24, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Engage and read patrons", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 24, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Verify age and manage intoxication", "exposure": 20, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Handle payments and inventory", "exposure": 52, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 36, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Craft technique", "Patron judgment", "Responsible service", "Speed under pressure" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Experience venues favor humans", "Liability rules require oversight" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Bar Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own inventory and costing", "Design drink menus", "Manage staff schedules" ] }, { "title": "Beverage Program Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build supplier relationships", "Track pour cost metrics", "Develop seasonal programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/bartenders/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/bartenders.json" } }, { "slug": "cooks", "title": "Cooks, Restaurant", "soc": "35-2014", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$37,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1409890, "blsSoc": "35-2014" }, "employment": "Very large kitchen workforce with persistent shortages", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Kitchen robotics handle some frying and assembly in high-volume chains, but most restaurant cooking is variable, sensory, and fast-adapting work. Seasoning judgment, timing across stations, and quality control remain human skills kitchens struggle to staff.", "caveat": "Chronic cook shortages matter more than automation for near-term job security. Robotics concentrate in standardized quick-service formats, not the full-service kitchens where most cooks work.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Cook and season dishes", "exposure": 20, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Portion, plate, and garnish food", "exposure": 28, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Manage food safety and sanitation", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 38, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Estimate supplies and rotate stock", "exposure": 46, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Station management", "Sensory quality judgment", "Food safety", "Timing under pressure" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Labor shortages persist", "Robotics target chain kitchens first" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Sous Chef", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead a station independently", "Learn inventory and costing", "Coach line cooks" ] }, { "title": "Kitchen Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own food cost tracking", "Manage vendor orders", "Run safety compliance checks" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cooks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cooks.json" } }, { "slug": "security-guards", "title": "Security Guards", "soc": "33-9032", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$38,020", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1283470, "blsSoc": "33-9032" }, "employment": "Large protective role with surveillance technology overlay", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "AI cameras and remote monitoring change what guards watch, shifting routine observation to software. Physical response, de-escalation, emergency first aid, and on-site judgment keep human presence necessary at most posts.", "caveat": "Remote monitoring reduces headcount per site but does not remove the need for responders. Guards who gain technology, emergency, and supervisory skills move into better-paid positions.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Patrol premises and check access points", "exposure": 30, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor entrances and authorize access", "exposure": 52, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 32, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Respond to alarms and disturbances", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Write incident and activity reports", "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 52, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "De-escalation", "Emergency response", "Surveillance systems", "Incident documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Monitoring automation reduces posts", "Physical response stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Security Shift Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own post schedules", "Review incident reports", "Train new guards" ] }, { "title": "Security Systems Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn camera and alarm systems", "Practice installation basics", "Study low-voltage wiring" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/security-guards/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/security-guards.json" } }, { "slug": "postsecondary-teachers", "title": "Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1123", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$78,760", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 57720, "blsSoc": "25-1123" }, "employment": "Large higher-education workforce with adjunct-heavy structure", "education": "Doctoral or terminal degree typical", "summary": "Lecture drafting, quiz generation, and grading assistance are strongly AI-augmentable. Mentorship, research supervision, seminar facilitation, and scholarly judgment remain the core of professor work, though AI is changing course design expectations.", "caveat": "This record uses an English and literature proxy SOC for the broader professor population; exposure varies sharply by discipline. Content-delivery-heavy teaching is more exposed than mentorship and research supervision.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare course materials and lectures", "exposure": 72, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 76, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Grade assignments and papers", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Facilitate discussions and seminars", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Conduct and publish research", "exposure": 42, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Course design", "Mentorship", "AI-aware assessment", "Scholarly judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Course prep is augmenting fast", "Mentorship and research are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Instructional Designer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Build online course modules", "Measure learning outcomes", "Apply accessibility standards" ] }, { "title": "Academic Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own curriculum review cycles", "Set AI use policies", "Coordinate faculty development" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/postsecondary-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/postsecondary-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "teaching-assistants", "title": "Teaching Assistants", "soc": "25-9042", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$37,010", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1584440, "blsSoc": "25-9040" }, "employment": "Large classroom support role with special-education demand", "education": "Some college or associate degree common", "summary": "Grading support, material preparation, and record keeping are augmentable with AI tools. Supervising students, one-on-one support for children with special needs, and classroom presence remain hands-on work that schools continue to hire for.", "caveat": "This record uses a K-12 assistant proxy SOC. Special-education support is the most durable segment; clerical grading and material prep are the most augmentable.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise students across settings", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 20, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Tutor students individually or in groups", "exposure": 38, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Grade homework and record results", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare lesson materials", "exposure": 64, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Student support", "Behavioral supervision", "Material preparation", "Assistive technology" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate augmentation pressure", "Special education demand is strong", "Classroom presence stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Special Education Paraprofessional", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-6", "actions": [ "Learn IEP support basics", "Practice behavior support strategies", "Document student progress data" ] }, { "title": "Licensed Teacher", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 168, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Enter a teacher preparation program", "Complete student teaching", "Pass state licensure exams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/teaching-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/teaching-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "instructional-coordinators", "title": "Instructional Coordinators", "soc": "25-9031", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$77,440", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 227760, "blsSoc": "25-9031" }, "employment": "Curriculum and training design role with edtech growth", "education": "Master's degree common", "summary": "AI course generation accelerates lesson drafts, assessment items, and material adaptation. Needs assessment, teacher coaching, curriculum standards alignment, and measuring what actually improves learning keep instructional design human-led.", "caveat": "Content production is the exposed layer; curriculum strategy, teacher development, and effectiveness evaluation are the durable layer. Coordinators who govern AI-generated material quality gain influence.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop instructional materials", "exposure": 76, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Analyze performance data", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coach and train teaching staff", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Evaluate curriculum effectiveness", "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Curriculum design", "Learning measurement", "Teacher coaching", "AI content governance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI course generation is accelerating", "Effectiveness judgment is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Learning Experience Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Design AI-assisted learning paths", "Build outcome dashboards", "Prototype adaptive modules" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Training Manager", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run training needs assessments", "Measure program ROI", "Manage learning platforms" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/instructional-coordinators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/instructional-coordinators.json" } }, { "slug": "librarians", "title": "Librarians and Media Collections Specialists", "soc": "25-4022", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$68,270", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 133790, "blsSoc": "25-4022" }, "employment": "Public-service information role reinventing around digital literacy", "education": "Master's degree in library science typical", "summary": "Search and retrieval — once the heart of reference work — is exactly what AI now does instantly. Collection curation, information literacy instruction, community programming, and guidance on evaluating AI-era information quality keep librarians relevant.", "caveat": "Reference-question volume declines as AI answers spread, but demand for teaching people to verify, cite, and critically evaluate information is rising. Community anchoring matters more than retrieval speed.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Answer reference questions", "exposure": 74, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Catalog and classify materials", "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Teach information literacy", "exposure": 38, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Plan community programs", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Information evaluation", "Collection curation", "Instruction", "Community programming" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Retrieval work is automating", "Information literacy demand is rising" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Digital Literacy Program Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Design AI literacy curriculum", "Measure program outcomes", "Partner with schools and employers" ] }, { "title": "Knowledge Management Specialist", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Organize internal knowledge bases", "Set content governance rules", "Evaluate retrieval AI tools" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/librarians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/librarians.json" } }, { "slug": "training-development-specialists", "title": "Training and Development Specialists", "soc": "13-1151", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$69,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 458300, "blsSoc": "13-1151" }, "employment": "Corporate learning role with AI course-generation pressure", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Course materials, manuals, and e-learning drafts are now generated in hours instead of weeks. Needs assessment, live facilitation, behavior change design, and measuring whether training actually works keep learning specialists valuable.", "caveat": "Content-production specialists face the most compression. Those who own needs analysis, facilitation quality, and outcome measurement become more important as content becomes cheap.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop training materials and guides", "exposure": 80, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Assess training needs", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Deliver live training sessions", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Evaluate program effectiveness", "exposure": 54, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Facilitation", "Needs analysis", "Learning measurement", "AI course generation direction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Course production is automating", "Facilitation and measurement are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Learning and Development Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own a learning strategy", "Measure capability outcomes", "Set AI content standards" ] }, { "title": "Organizational Development Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-8", "actions": [ "Run engagement diagnostics", "Design change programs", "Facilitate leadership sessions" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/training-development-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/training-development-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "police-officers", "title": "Police and Sheriff's Patrol Officers", "soc": "33-3051", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$76,210", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 670520, "blsSoc": "33-3051" }, "employment": "Large sworn public-safety workforce with chronic staffing gaps", "education": "High school diploma plus academy training; some college common", "summary": "Report writing, evidence review, and data analysis are being augmented by AI tools, with real accountability debates attached. Patrol presence, de-escalation, emergency response, and legal authority remain inherently human and public-trust-bound.", "caveat": "AI in policing is tightly scrutinized — facial recognition and predictive tools face legal and community limits. Documentation relief is the realistic near-term change, not replacement of sworn officers.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Patrol and respond to calls", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Write incident and arrest reports", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Investigate suspicious activity", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "De-escalate conflicts and aid public", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 26, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "De-escalation", "Legal procedure", "AI-assisted report drafting", "Community relations" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Documentation tools reduce admin load", "Public accountability limits automation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Detective", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-36", "actions": [ "Build case investigation experience", "Study evidence procedures", "Prepare for promotional exams" ] }, { "title": "Crime Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 52, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn crime mapping tools", "Analyze incident pattern data", "Audit AI flagging accuracy" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/police-officers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/police-officers.json" } }, { "slug": "firefighters", "title": "Firefighters", "soc": "33-2011", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$59,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 345990, "blsSoc": "33-2011" }, "employment": "Emergency response role with stable public demand", "education": "High school diploma plus academy training; EMT certification common", "summary": "Firefighting is one of the least automatable jobs in the economy: physical rescue, fireground judgment, and emergency medical response happen in chaotic, dangerous environments. Drones, sensors, and AI dispatch add capability without replacing crews.", "caveat": "Technology changes detection and dispatch more than suppression. Staffing levels are driven by municipal budgets and call volumes, not by AI substitution.", "scores": { "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 8, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Suppress fires and perform rescues", "exposure": 6, "automation": 1, "augmentation": 12, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Provide emergency medical care", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect buildings for fire hazards", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Write incident reports", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 60, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Fireground judgment", "Emergency medicine", "Physical fitness", "Equipment operation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Physical emergency work is irreplaceable", "Drones and sensors augment crews" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fire Inspector", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study fire codes deeply", "Earn inspector certification", "Document investigation methods" ] }, { "title": "Emergency Management Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build emergency response plans", "Run preparedness drills", "Coordinate agency communications" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/firefighters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/firefighters.json" } }, { "slug": "financial-managers", "title": "Financial Managers", "soc": "11-3031", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$166,570", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 841710, "blsSoc": "11-3031" }, "employment": "Senior finance leadership role with strong demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus experience; advanced degrees common", "summary": "AI accelerates financial reporting, forecasting, and risk analysis, raising expectations for finance-team output. Capital allocation, regulatory accountability, investor communication, and team leadership keep financial management an augmentation story.", "caveat": "Managers whose teams produce reports manually face the most disruption as generation becomes cheap. Leaders who own controls, audit relationships, and capital decisions gain leverage from the same tools.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 76, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare financial and regulatory reports", "exposure": 74, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Analyze costs and plan budgets", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise management on financial objectives", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Oversee financial staff and controls", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Financial controls", "Capital planning", "AI-assisted forecasting", "Executive communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Reporting automation raises output expectations", "Controls accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Controller", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deepen accounting standards knowledge", "Own close-process automation", "Audit AI-generated reports" ] }, { "title": "FP&A Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build driver-based forecast models", "Direct AI variance analysis", "Own executive planning cadence" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/financial-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/financial-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "actuaries", "title": "Actuaries", "soc": "15-2011", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$130,000", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 26670, "blsSoc": "15-2011" }, "employment": "Credentialed modeling profession with steady demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus actuarial exam series", "summary": "Data preparation, rate-table construction, and draft analysis are increasingly AI-assisted. Model governance, assumption judgment, regulatory defense of pricing, and the exam credential keep actuarial work augmentation-led.", "caveat": "Routine valuation and reserving work automates fastest. Actuaries who own model validation, assumption setting, and communication of uncertainty to executives remain central to insurance economics.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze statistical data for rate setting", "exposure": 68, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Construct probability tables", "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Design and review insurance plans", "exposure": 42, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Explain technical matters to executives", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Actuarial modeling", "Assumption governance", "Regulatory communication", "AI-assisted analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Model oversight demand is growing", "Credential barriers protect the profession" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Model Risk Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Validate predictive models", "Document assumption governance", "Audit AI pricing output" ] }, { "title": "Chief Risk Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own enterprise risk frameworks", "Quantify emerging risks", "Present risk appetite to leadership" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/actuaries/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/actuaries.json" } }, { "slug": "statisticians", "title": "Statisticians", "soc": "15-2041", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$105,650", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 29030, "blsSoc": "15-2041" }, "employment": "Methods-focused analysis profession across research and industry", "education": "Master's degree common", "summary": "Computation, visualization, and report drafting are heavily AI-accelerated. Statistical judgment — choosing valid methods, designing studies, questioning data quality, and defending inference — is precisely what distinguishes statisticians from generated output.", "caveat": "Unlike production data science, this role's value is methodological. AI raises the cost of shallow analysis, which strengthens demand for people who can evaluate whether an analysis is actually valid.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze and interpret statistical data", "exposure": 72, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Report results with charts and tables", "exposure": 78, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Design studies and sampling methods", "exposure": 44, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Evaluate method validity for questions", "exposure": 40, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Experimental design", "Inference judgment", "Statistical programming", "AI output validation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Methodological judgment is the moat", "Computation is fully augmented" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Biostatistician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn clinical trial methods", "Study regulatory statistics", "Build a healthcare analysis portfolio" ] }, { "title": "Research Methodologist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own study design reviews", "Audit AI-generated analyses", "Set evidence quality standards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/statisticians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/statisticians.json" } }, { "slug": "insurance-sales-agents", "title": "Insurance Sales Agents", "soc": "41-3021", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$62,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 479100, "blsSoc": "41-3021" }, "employment": "Large sales role pressured by direct-to-consumer quoting", "education": "High school diploma plus state license; college common", "summary": "Online quoting and AI comparison tools absorb transactional policy sales, especially simple auto and home coverage. Complex risk advice, commercial accounts, claims advocacy, and trusted relationships keep human agents in the loop.", "caveat": "Captive and transactional personal-lines sales face the most pressure. Independent agents and brokers selling complex commercial coverage retain pricing power through advice, not quotes.", "scores": { "exposure": 64, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Quote and bind routine policies", "exposure": 78, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 34, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Explain coverage options to clients", "exposure": 42, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 54, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Assess client risk needs", "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain client relationships", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Needs-based selling", "Coverage expertise", "Claims advocacy", "Book-of-business management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Direct channels take simple business", "Advice complexity protects agents" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Commercial Lines Account Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn commercial coverage lines", "Own renewal negotiations", "Build risk-review cadences" ] }, { "title": "Insurance Agency Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build a producer team", "Track book profitability", "Design retention programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/insurance-sales-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/insurance-sales-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "securities-sales-agents", "title": "Securities and Financial Services Sales Agents", "soc": "41-3031", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$78,660", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 489570, "blsSoc": "41-3031" }, "employment": "Markets-facing sales role with algorithmic competition", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Algorithms already execute most trading, and AI research tools compress analysis workflows. Client relationships, complex deal structuring, market color, and trusted execution judgment keep human brokers and advisors relevant at the institutional level.", "caveat": "Execution-only roles have been consolidating for two decades. The durable work sits in relationship coverage, structuring, and situations where a human must stand behind a recommendation or trade.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Execute routine client trades", "exposure": 72, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Analyze markets and securities", "exposure": 68, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise clients on investments", "exposure": 36, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop new client relationships", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Market analysis", "Client coverage", "Deal structuring", "AI research workflows" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Execution is algorithmic", "Relationships and structuring stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Investment Advisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Earn advisory registrations", "Build a client book", "Practice goals-based planning" ] }, { "title": "Capital Markets Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own sector research coverage", "Validate AI-generated analysis", "Support deal execution" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/securities-sales-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/securities-sales-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "event-planners", "title": "Meeting and Event Planners", "soc": "13-1121", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$61,160", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 142860, "blsSoc": "13-1121" }, "employment": "Logistics coordination role with post-pandemic event demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI planning tools draft agendas, compare venues, and automate vendor outreach. Live event execution, contract negotiation, on-site problem solving, and client relationship management keep experienced planners valuable when events actually happen.", "caveat": "Planning paperwork is compressing fast, but the job's hard part is managing hundreds of live variables on the day. Planners who own execution and vendor relationships outlast those who mainly produce documents.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan programs, budgets, and agendas", "exposure": 70, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coordinate vendors and venues", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Negotiate supplier contracts", "exposure": 34, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Monitor live events and resolve problems", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Vendor negotiation", "Live event execution", "Budget management", "AI planning workflows" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Planning documents are automating", "Live execution stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Event Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own run-of-show execution", "Manage vendor scorecards", "Build contingency playbooks" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Events Marketing Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Tie events to pipeline metrics", "Own event marketing strategy", "Measure attendee outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/event-planners/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/event-planners.json" } }, { "slug": "operations-managers", "title": "General and Operations Managers", "soc": "11-1021", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$105,770", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3503020, "blsSoc": "11-1021" }, "employment": "One of the largest management occupations", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; experience-weighted", "summary": "AI dashboards, forecasting, and reporting tools automate much of the information work of operations management. Cross-functional coordination, staffing decisions, supplier management, and accountability for results keep the role human-led.", "caveat": "Managers who mainly relay status upward are exposed as reporting automates. Managers who own decisions, people, and operational tradeoffs become more productive rather than less necessary.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Review performance data and reports", "exposure": 66, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 72, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Direct daily operations and staffing", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Manage suppliers and budgets", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Set departmental policies and goals", "exposure": 34, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Operations judgment", "People management", "AI dashboard literacy", "Supplier negotiation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Status reporting is automating", "Decision accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Operations", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own multi-team operating rhythm", "Automate management reporting", "Run quarterly business reviews" ] }, { "title": "Chief Operating Officer Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden P&L ownership", "Lead AI adoption programs", "Build executive communication skills" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/operations-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/operations-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "sales-managers", "title": "Sales Managers", "soc": "11-2022", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$148,270", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 637080, "blsSoc": "11-2022" }, "employment": "Revenue leadership role across industries", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI forecasting, pipeline analytics, and outreach automation change how sales teams are run. Quota accountability, coaching, deal strategy, pricing decisions, and cross-department negotiation keep sales management a human performance role.", "caveat": "Managers who only inspect dashboards are being disintermediated by the dashboards themselves. Managers who coach reps, design territories, and own forecast accuracy remain central to revenue organizations.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Review sales records and project revenue", "exposure": 68, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coach and evaluate sales staff", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Set pricing and discount policies", "exposure": 38, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Resolve major customer issues", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Pipeline management", "Coaching", "Forecast judgment", "AI sales tooling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Pipeline analytics are automating", "Coaching and quota accountability endure" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Revenue Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own CRM data quality", "Build forecast models", "Audit AI pipeline scoring" ] }, { "title": "Regional Sales Director", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage manager teams", "Design territory plans", "Own regional forecast calls" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/sales-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/sales-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "hr-managers", "title": "Human Resources Managers", "soc": "11-3121", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$149,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 220660, "blsSoc": "11-3121" }, "employment": "People leadership role reshaped by HR analytics", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "People analytics, policy drafting, and workforce reporting are increasingly AI-assisted. Employee relations judgment, labor negotiation, sensitive investigations, and organizational strategy keep HR leadership human-accountable.", "caveat": "Administrative HR is automating underneath this role, which shifts the manager's job toward judgment-heavy work: disputes, performance decisions, culture, and advising executives on people risk.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 76, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compile personnel reports and analytics", "exposure": 68, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Draft and administer policies", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Handle disputes and disciplinary matters", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Advise executives on organizational policy", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Employee relations", "People analytics", "Labor compliance", "Organizational strategy" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "HR admin is automating below", "Judgment and trust are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "People Analytics Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own workforce dashboards", "Audit AI screening outcomes", "Model retention drivers" ] }, { "title": "Employee Relations Director", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead complex investigations", "Set ER case standards", "Coach managers on documentation" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/hr-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/hr-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "it-managers", "title": "IT Managers", "soc": "11-3021", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$175,140", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 670570, "blsSoc": "11-3021" }, "employment": "Technology leadership role with strong demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI operations tooling automates monitoring, reporting, and first-line support workflows. Vendor negotiation, security accountability, delivery ownership, and technology strategy keep IT leadership augmentation-led — and AI adoption itself is now part of the job.", "caveat": "The role increasingly includes governing AI rollout: evaluating tools, setting usage policy, and owning the risks. Managers who only coordinate tickets shrink with automation; those who own strategy and security grow.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Review operational and project reports", "exposure": 66, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 72, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Evaluate technology needs and vendors", "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct technical staff and projects", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Own security and disaster recovery", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Technology strategy", "Vendor management", "Security governance", "AI adoption leadership" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "AI governance expands the role", "Delivery accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Engineering", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Deepen technical architecture fluency", "Own engineering delivery metrics", "Lead AI-assisted development adoption" ] }, { "title": "Chief Information Officer Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden business strategy exposure", "Own enterprise AI governance", "Build board-level communication" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/it-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/it-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "computer-systems-analysts", "title": "Computer Systems Analysts", "soc": "15-1211", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$105,850", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 519530, "blsSoc": "15-1211" }, "employment": "Bridge role between business needs and technical systems", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Requirements documentation, system diagrams, and cost-benefit drafts are heavily AI-assisted. Needs discovery, stakeholder translation, integration judgment, and implementation troubleshooting keep the analyst function valuable.", "caveat": "Documentation-heavy analyst work compresses as AI writes specs from prompts. Analysts who interview users, resolve conflicting requirements, and own system outcomes stay in demand.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 76, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze needs and design systems", "exposure": 60, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Document procedures and standards", "exposure": 76, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Test and monitor systems", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Consult with users and management", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Requirements discovery", "Systems design", "Stakeholder translation", "AI-assisted documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Spec writing is automating", "Needs discovery stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Business Systems Analyst Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own requirements quality", "Direct AI-drafted documentation", "Run stakeholder workshops" ] }, { "title": "Solutions Architect", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deepen integration patterns", "Design system blueprints", "Evaluate build-versus-buy tradeoffs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/computer-systems-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/computer-systems-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "industrial-engineers", "title": "Industrial Engineers", "soc": "17-2112", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$102,440", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 365740, "blsSoc": "17-2112" }, "employment": "Optimization-focused engineering role with growing demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Data analysis, layout drafting, and standards documentation are increasingly AI-assisted. Process observation, human factors judgment, cross-functional implementation, and accountability for efficiency outcomes keep the role firmly augmented.", "caveat": "Industrial engineers design the optimizations AI executes, which positions them on the winning side of automation. The exposed slice is routine analysis; the durable slice is redesigning how work, people, and machines fit together.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze production data and standards", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Design facility and workflow layouts", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Study operations and worker functions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Implement process improvements with teams", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Process optimization", "Lean methods", "Human factors", "AI-assisted simulation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Automation increases demand for optimization", "Implementation judgment is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Manufacturing Systems Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own automation cell design", "Validate robotics integrations", "Measure throughput gains" ] }, { "title": "Supply Chain Optimization Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Model network scenarios", "Analyze flow-path data", "Lead continuous improvement projects" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/industrial-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/industrial-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "robotics-engineers", "title": "Robotics Engineers", "soc": "17-2199", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$122,930", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 154070, "blsSoc": "17-2199" }, "employment": "Small, fast-growing role designing automation itself", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; advanced degrees common", "summary": "The engineers designing robotic and automated systems benefit directly from the automation wave. Simulation, control design, and embedded code are AI-accelerated, while system integration, safety design, and physical testing keep the work deeply hands-on.", "caveat": "This occupation maps to a residual engineering SOC, with mechatronics as its closest task family. Demand is driven by the same automation adoption that pressures other occupations — a structurally protected position.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 74, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 18, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design automation and control systems", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Create embedded software designs", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 74, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Test and calibrate automated systems", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Research sensors and control devices", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Mechatronics design", "Controls engineering", "Embedded systems", "AI-assisted simulation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Automation adoption drives demand", "Physical integration resists remote automation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Robotics Software Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn robot operating frameworks", "Build perception pipelines", "Own simulation test suites" ] }, { "title": "Automation Systems Integrator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Commission robotic cells", "Integrate vision systems", "Document safety validations" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/robotics-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/robotics-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "art-directors", "title": "Art Directors", "soc": "27-1011", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$114,850", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 53070, "blsSoc": "27-1011" }, "employment": "Creative leadership role concentrated in media and agencies", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Generative tools produce layout variations, mockups, and visual explorations instantly, compressing production layers beneath this role. Creative direction, client interpretation, team leadership, and final aesthetic accountability remain the job's core.", "caveat": "Art directors who personally execute production design face tool substitution; those who direct others' work gain throughput. The premium is shifting toward taste, brief interpretation, and managing AI-assisted creative teams.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Formulate layout and presentation approaches", "exposure": 72, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 70, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Review and approve creative materials", "exposure": 48, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Confer with clients on objectives", "exposure": 26, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Direct design staff and freelancers", "exposure": 22, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Creative direction", "Visual judgment", "AI concept direction", "Client presentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Production layers are compressing", "Direction and taste are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Creative Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own brand creative strategy", "Set AI asset standards", "Lead multi-disciplinary teams" ] }, { "title": "Brand Design Lead", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build design systems", "Govern AI-generated brand assets", "Own creative QA" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/art-directors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/art-directors.json" } }, { "slug": "fine-artists", "title": "Fine Artists and Illustrators", "soc": "27-1013", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$55,490", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 11220, "blsSoc": "27-1013" }, "employment": "Freelance-dominated creative occupation at the center of the generative-art debate", "education": "No formal credential required; portfolio and training vary", "summary": "Generative image models produce competent illustration at near-zero cost, flooding the commission and stock markets that sustain many working artists. Distinctive style, client collaboration, physical media, and artistic reputation remain the differentiators.", "caveat": "This is one of the occupations most directly disrupted by generative AI, and the disruption is economic more than technical: buyers can now generate adequate images themselves. Commodity illustration is most exposed; distinctive, trusted, or physical work less so.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 55, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Create artwork with various media", "exposure": 74, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Develop visual concepts and elements", "exposure": 70, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Confer with clients on artwork", "exposure": 30, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Market work and maintain portfolios", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Distinctive style", "Client collaboration", "AI tool direction", "Audience building" ], "marketSignals": [ "High market disruption", "Commodity illustration is compressing", "Reputation and style protect artists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Illustration Art Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Direct commissioned artist teams", "Curate AI-assisted pipelines", "Own visual quality standards" ] }, { "title": "Visual Content Designer", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Apply illustration to product work", "Learn design software stacks", "Build a commercial portfolio" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fine-artists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fine-artists.json" } }, { "slug": "producers-directors", "title": "Producers and Directors", "soc": "27-2012", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$90,360", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 143120, "blsSoc": "27-2012" }, "employment": "Project leadership role across film, TV, and digital content", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI video tools compress editing, previsualization, and script drafting, changing production economics. Set leadership, talent direction, budget accountability, rights negotiation, and creative decision-making under pressure remain human work.", "caveat": "Small-crew and content-farm production is most exposed to AI video generation. Productions built on talent performance, live coordination, and negotiated rights keep humans at the center.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan shots, framing, and scene details", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct actors and crew", "exposure": 20, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Manage budgets and schedules", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Review footage and rehearsals", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Creative leadership", "Production management", "AI video tool fluency", "Rights and contract judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Production tooling is compressing costs", "Leadership and accountability stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Executive Producer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own project financing", "Package talent and rights", "Set AI production policies" ] }, { "title": "Content Studio Lead", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Run high-volume content pipelines", "Direct AI-assisted production", "Measure audience outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/producers-directors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/producers-directors.json" } }, { "slug": "bill-collectors", "title": "Bill and Account Collectors", "soc": "43-3011", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$47,030", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 158830, "blsSoc": "43-3011" }, "employment": "Collections workforce targeted by outbound automation", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Locating accounts, scripted payment reminders, and status recording are exactly what AI voice agents and automated dialing now handle. Negotiating repayment plans, handling disputes, and regulated consumer interactions keep some human collectors necessary.", "caveat": "First-party early-stage collections automate fastest. Complex disputes, hardship negotiations, and compliance-sensitive accounts still require human judgment, but overall seat counts are declining.", "scores": { "exposure": 82, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 76, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Notify customers of delinquent accounts", "exposure": 86, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 18, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Record collection status and payments", "exposure": 82, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 20, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Arrange repayment schedules", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Confer with customers about overdue reasons", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Negotiation", "Collections compliance", "Hardship judgment", "CRM documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Voice AI targets outbound volume", "Compliance knowledge transfers well" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Collections Operations Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Audit AI outreach quality", "Track recovery metrics", "Design hardship workflows" ] }, { "title": "Credit Counselor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn counseling frameworks", "Practice budget coaching", "Document repayment plans" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/bill-collectors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/bill-collectors.json" } }, { "slug": "insurance-claims-clerks", "title": "Insurance Claims Processing Clerks", "soc": "43-9041", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$49,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 214260, "blsSoc": "43-9041" }, "employment": "Claims back-office role exposed to straight-through processing", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Claim form preparation, completeness review, amount calculation, and file posting are structured workflows that claims automation platforms now process end-to-end. Missing-information follow-up and coverage questions remain the human residue.", "caveat": "Standard claims increasingly flow straight through without human touch. Clerks who move toward exception review, fraud flags, or adjuster support retain options; pure intake processing does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 84, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 78, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and review claim forms", "exposure": 88, "automation": 74, "augmentation": 20, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Calculate claim amounts", "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 28, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Review policies for coverage", "exposure": 66, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Contact insureds for missing information", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Claims systems", "Coverage basics", "Exception review", "Documentation accuracy" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Straight-through processing is standard", "Exception and fraud review remain human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Claims Quality Reviewer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Audit automated claim decisions", "Flag processing errors", "Track exception patterns" ] }, { "title": "Claims Adjuster Trainee", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Study policy interpretation", "Shadow field investigations", "Learn estimating tools" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/insurance-claims-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/insurance-claims-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-secretaries", "title": "Medical Secretaries", "soc": "43-6013", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$45,930", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 961610, "blsSoc": "43-6013" }, "employment": "Large healthcare administrative role with portal automation pressure", "education": "High school diploma plus medical office training", "summary": "Patient scheduling, claim forms, records routing, and transcription are being absorbed by portals, AI phone agents, and ambient documentation. Patient intake judgment, privacy handling, and clinical-office coordination keep the role present but shrinking.", "caveat": "Self-service scheduling and AI phone agents compress routine volumes first. Secretaries who own insurance verification, referral coordination, and complex patient situations remain harder to replace.", "scores": { "exposure": 74, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Schedule and confirm patient appointments", "exposure": 82, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 34, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Complete insurance claim forms", "exposure": 76, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain and route medical records", "exposure": 72, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 42, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Interview patients for intake forms", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Medical terminology", "Insurance verification", "Privacy compliance", "Patient coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "High automation pressure", "Portals absorb routine scheduling", "Complex coordination stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Patient Access Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Own referral workflows", "Audit automated scheduling", "Track authorization completion" ] }, { "title": "Health Information Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete a health information program", "Learn records compliance", "Practice data quality review" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-secretaries/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-secretaries.json" } }, { "slug": "shipping-receiving-clerks", "title": "Shipping and Receiving Clerks", "soc": "43-5071", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$45,260", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 816870, "blsSoc": "43-5071" }, "employment": "Warehouse documentation role alongside logistics automation", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Shipment documentation, rate computation, and record keeping are increasingly automated by warehouse and transportation management systems. Verifying contents, resolving damages and discrepancies, and coordinating carriers keep a human layer.", "caveat": "Documentation automates faster than the physical verification. Clerks who cross-train on systems administration and exception handling stay employable as warehouse technology spreads.", "scores": { "exposure": 68, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 32, "displacementPressure": 58, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare shipping documents", "exposure": 82, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 24, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Record shipment data", "exposure": 78, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Verify contents against records", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Coordinate with carriers on problems", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Warehouse systems", "Documentation accuracy", "Exception resolution", "Carrier coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high automation pressure", "Systems absorb documentation", "Physical verification stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Warehouse Systems Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own WMS data quality", "Audit automated documentation", "Track dock exceptions" ] }, { "title": "Logistics Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn load planning", "Track carrier performance", "Manage shipment exceptions" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/shipping-receiving-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/shipping-receiving-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "mail-carriers", "title": "Postal Service Mail Carriers", "soc": "43-5052", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$60,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 328820, "blsSoc": "43-5052" }, "employment": "Large federal delivery workforce with volume decline", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Route optimization and sorting automation change how routes are planned, and mail volume keeps declining. Walking and driving routes, porch delivery, customer contact, and judgment about dogs, weather, and access remain physical last-mile work.", "caveat": "Volume decline and consolidation drive staffing more than AI does. Delivery itself resists automation in dense, irregular, or rural environments, but the occupation's long-run trajectory is downward.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Sort mail in delivery sequence", "exposure": 72, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 20, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Deliver mail along routes", "exposure": 30, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Scan and track parcels", "exposure": 66, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Answer customer postal questions", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Route knowledge", "Physical reliability", "Customer contact", "Delivery scanning tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Volume decline compounds automation", "Last-mile delivery stays physical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Delivery Route Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Manage route performance data", "Coordinate carrier schedules", "Handle delivery exceptions" ] }, { "title": "Logistics Delivery Driver", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Transfer route experience to parcel delivery", "Learn fleet apps", "Maintain clean driving record" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mail-carriers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mail-carriers.json" } }, { "slug": "chefs", "title": "Chefs and Head Cooks", "soc": "35-1011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$62,470", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 200040, "blsSoc": "35-1011" }, "employment": "Kitchen leadership role with persistent skilled demand", "education": "Culinary training or extensive experience", "summary": "Recipe analysis, costing, and inventory estimates are increasingly software-assisted, but menu creation, taste judgment, staff leadership, and live kitchen execution remain craft work. Kitchen robotics target chain-line tasks, not chef judgment.", "caveat": "AI recipe generators are a novelty against real menu development, which depends on ingredients, seasons, costs, and a specific dining room. The role's administrative layer automates; the creative and leadership core does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct and cook food preparation", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Develop recipes and menus", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Supervise and train kitchen staff", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Estimate costs and order supplies", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Menu development", "Kitchen leadership", "Cost control", "Sensory quality judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Craft and leadership resist automation", "Admin tools reduce back-office load" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Executive Chef", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own multi-outlet menus", "Build food-cost systems", "Lead chef teams" ] }, { "title": "Food and Beverage Director", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Manage P&L across outlets", "Design beverage programs", "Lead service standards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/chefs/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/chefs.json" } }, { "slug": "hairdressers-cosmetologists", "title": "Hairdressers and Cosmetologists", "soc": "39-5012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$35,790", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 305710, "blsSoc": "39-5012" }, "employment": "Large licensed personal-service workforce", "education": "Postsecondary certificate plus state license", "summary": "Cutting, coloring, and styling hair is physical, tactile, licensed work performed on a person in a chair — among the least automatable tasks in the economy. AI touches booking, style inspiration, and product recommendation, not the service itself.", "caveat": "The role's exposure is administrative: scheduling apps and virtual try-on tools change client acquisition, not the craft. Licensed, trust-based personal services remain firmly human.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Cut, color, and style hair", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Consult clients on styles", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Schedule appointments and records", "exposure": 54, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Recommend and sell products", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Technical craft", "Client consultation", "Sanitation compliance", "Book management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Licensing protects the service", "Booking and marketing tools augment" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Salon Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own staff scheduling", "Track retail and service metrics", "Manage supplier orders" ] }, { "title": "Esthetics Instructor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn instructor licensure", "Develop curriculum demos", "Coach student technique" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/hairdressers-cosmetologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/hairdressers-cosmetologists.json" } }, { "slug": "childcare-workers", "title": "Childcare Workers", "soc": "39-9011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$34,980", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 518910, "blsSoc": "39-9011" }, "employment": "Very large care workforce with chronic staffing shortages", "education": "Varies by state and setting; no degree required for many roles", "summary": "Supervising, feeding, comforting, and teaching young children is trust-based physical care that no software performs. AI touches lesson planning and administrative record keeping, while safety, attachment, and developmental judgment remain human.", "caveat": "Parents choose childcare on trust, ratios, and licensing — not content delivery. The occupation's challenges are wages and staffing, not automation; AI's realistic role is paperwork relief.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 78, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise and monitor children", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Support emotional and social development", "exposure": 12, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 22, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Communicate with parents", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Keep records and plan activities", "exposure": 54, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Child development", "Safety vigilance", "Parent communication", "Activity planning" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Trust and licensing anchor the work", "High wage vulnerability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lead Preschool Teacher", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-18", "actions": [ "Earn early childhood credentials", "Design curriculum plans", "Document developmental assessments" ] }, { "title": "Childcare Center Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 156, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Learn licensing administration", "Manage enrollment and staffing", "Build family engagement programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/childcare-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/childcare-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "fitness-trainers", "title": "Fitness Trainers", "soc": "39-9031", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$47,160", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 322930, "blsSoc": "39-9031" }, "employment": "Growing wellness role with app competition", "education": "Certification common; degree varies", "summary": "AI workout apps generate exercise plans cheaply, competing with routine program writing. Live correction of form, motivation, injury-aware adaptation, and the accountability of a scheduled human session keep trainers differentiated.", "caveat": "Generic program delivery is commoditizing through apps and AI coaches. Trainers who specialize — rehabilitation-adjacent work, older adults, athletes, small-group coaching — hold pricing because presence and adaptation are the product.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop training programs", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Demonstrate and correct exercise form", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor progress and adapt programs", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Motivate and coach clients", "exposure": 18, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Exercise science", "Form correction", "Client motivation", "AI programming tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI fitness apps compete on price", "Presence and specialization protect trainers" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Strength and Conditioning Coach", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn advanced certifications", "Build an athletic client base", "Document performance outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Wellness Coordinator", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Design workplace wellness programs", "Measure participation metrics", "Partner with HR teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fitness-trainers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fitness-trainers.json" } }, { "slug": "janitors", "title": "Janitors and Cleaners", "soc": "37-2011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance", "medianWage": "$36,840", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2209760, "blsSoc": "37-2011" }, "employment": "Very large facilities workforce", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Robotic floor scrubbers handle large open corridors, but most cleaning is variable physical work across cluttered, unpredictable spaces. Minor repairs, hazard spotting, supply management, and security checks keep human cleaners standard in most buildings.", "caveat": "Automation concentrates in airports and malls with smooth, empty floors. The occupation's scale and variety — offices, schools, hospitals — means machines augment routes rather than replace crews.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 18, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Clean floors and surfaces", "exposure": 26, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Service restrooms and supplies", "exposure": 22, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor building safety and security", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 34, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Perform minor repairs and adjustments", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Physical reliability", "Chemical safety", "Basic maintenance", "Route efficiency" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Robotics handle open floors only", "Wage vulnerability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Facilities Maintenance Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Learn basic electrical and plumbing", "Document preventive maintenance", "Track work orders digitally" ] }, { "title": "Custodial Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own crew schedules", "Inspect quality standards", "Manage supply inventory" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/janitors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/janitors.json" } }, { "slug": "landscaping-workers", "title": "Landscaping and Groundskeeping Workers", "soc": "37-3011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance", "medianWage": "$39,150", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 952640, "blsSoc": "37-3011" }, "employment": "Large outdoor physical workforce", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Robotic mowers handle flat residential lawns, but pruning, planting, irrigation work, and terrain-variable grounds care resist automation. Equipment operation, plant knowledge, and site judgment keep landscaping crews busy in a tight labor market.", "caveat": "Automation is task-specific — mowing first, everything else later. Slopes, obstacles, plantings, and customer-specific requests keep most of this work manual for the foreseeable future.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 20, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Mow and edge lawns", "exposure": 32, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 12, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prune trees and shrubs", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Plant and maintain gardens", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain irrigation systems", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 38, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Equipment operation", "Plant knowledge", "Irrigation basics", "Physical stamina" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Mowing robots take narrow tasks", "Labor demand exceeds supply" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Landscape Crew Leader", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own daily crew routing", "Track job completion quality", "Train new crew members" ] }, { "title": "Irrigation Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Learn irrigation system design", "Practice controller programming", "Document water-use audits" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/landscaping-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/landscaping-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "construction-laborers", "title": "Construction Laborers", "soc": "47-2061", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$47,120", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1096780, "blsSoc": "47-2061" }, "employment": "Very large entry point into the construction trades", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Site preparation, material handling, and demolition are physical work in unstructured environments where robotics remain primitive. Layout tools, laser guidance, and equipment automation assist the work without removing the worker.", "caveat": "Construction robotics target repetitive factory tasks, not variable job sites. Laborers who use the role as a springboard into a licensed trade capture the strongest wage growth.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and clean job sites", "exposure": 20, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Load and distribute materials", "exposure": 28, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Read plans and measure layouts", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Assist craft workers", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Site safety", "Equipment basics", "Plan reading", "Physical reliability" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Site variability resists robotics", "Trade apprenticeship is the wage ladder" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Carpenter Apprentice", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-48", "actions": [ "Enter a registered apprenticeship", "Build tool proficiency", "Log supervised hours" ] }, { "title": "Construction Equipment Operator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Get equipment certifications", "Practice on simulators", "Study grade and site plans" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/construction-laborers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/construction-laborers.json" } }, { "slug": "roofers", "title": "Roofers", "soc": "47-2181", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$55,440", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 135490, "blsSoc": "47-2181" }, "employment": "Skilled exterior trade with steady replacement demand", "education": "On-the-job training; apprenticeship available", "summary": "Inspecting, repairing, and installing roofs is elevated, hazardous, variable physical work that drones can photograph but not perform. Measurement and estimation software assists bidding while installation and repair remain manual.", "caveat": "Drones changed inspection and marketing, not installation. Weather exposure, safety requirements, and the sheer variety of roof conditions keep this among the most automation-resistant trades.", "scores": { "exposure": 16, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install roofing materials", "exposure": 12, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect problem roofs", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Estimate materials and labor", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Set up safe roof access", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Roofing systems", "Safety discipline", "Damage diagnosis", "Estimating" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Drone inspection is an aid, not a threat", "Storm and replacement demand persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Roofing Estimator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Use aerial measurement tools", "Build material takeoffs", "Track job-cost variance" ] }, { "title": "Roofing Foreman", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Run crew daily plans", "Own safety compliance", "Inspect finished work quality" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/roofers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/roofers.json" } }, { "slug": "solar-installers", "title": "Solar Panel Installers", "soc": "47-2231", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$53,140", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 31350, "blsSoc": "47-2231" }, "employment": "Fast-growing green-energy installation trade", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Mounting panels, running wiring, and weather-sealing roofs is physical, code-governed work on unique structures. Design and layout software accelerates system planning, but installation, testing, and troubleshooting stay on the roof.", "caveat": "Software designs the array; humans install it. Growth in solar adoption far outpaces any automation of the installation work itself, making this one of the strongest trade outlooks.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install photovoltaic systems", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check wiring and electrical integrity", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Plan array layouts from designs", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Test and activate systems", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Electrical basics", "Roof work safety", "System testing", "Code compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Energy transition drives demand", "Design software augments planning" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Solar Electrician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "12-48", "actions": [ "Enter an electrical apprenticeship", "Study NEC solar requirements", "Log PV-specific hours" ] }, { "title": "Solar Project Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Run install crew schedules", "Own inspection pass rates", "Track project completion metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/solar-installers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/solar-installers.json" } }, { "slug": "heavy-equipment-operators", "title": "Operating Engineers and Heavy Equipment Operators", "soc": "47-2073", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$59,850", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 478090, "blsSoc": "47-2073" }, "employment": "Skilled equipment trade tied to construction and infrastructure demand", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training or apprenticeship", "summary": "Autonomous graders and remote-controlled dozers are real on large, uniform sites, but most equipment work happens around utilities, crews, and unpredictable terrain. GPS grade-control and telematics make skilled operators more precise, not obsolete.", "caveat": "Automation concentrates in mining and large earthmoving where environments are controlled. Utility avoidance, emergency repairs, and coordination with ground crews keep human operators standard on typical construction sites.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate bulldozers, excavators, and graders", "exposure": 24, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Coordinate machine actions with crew signals", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Locate utilities and avoid hazards", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain and adjust equipment", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Machine control", "Site safety", "GPS grade systems", "Equipment maintenance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Autonomy pilots target controlled sites", "Skilled operators remain scarce" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Equipment Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Run crew and equipment schedules", "Track machine utilization data", "Own site safety checks" ] }, { "title": "Grade and Layout Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn GPS machine control setup", "Read digital site models", "Calibrate grade systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/heavy-equipment-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/heavy-equipment-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "auto-mechanics", "title": "Automotive Service Technicians and Mechanics", "soc": "49-3023", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$50,620", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 704640, "blsSoc": "49-3023" }, "employment": "Large repair trade with technician shortages", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training; ASE certification valued", "summary": "Computerized diagnostics and AI-guided repair plans make finding faults faster, but vehicles still need hands-on disassembly, repair, and testing. Electric and software-heavy vehicles raise the value of technicians who master new systems.", "caveat": "Diagnostics augment rather than replace: the machine suggests, the technician verifies and wrenches. EV transition and ADAS calibration are adding skill requirements faster than automation removes them.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose problems with test equipment", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Repair and replace components", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Perform routine maintenance", "exposure": 24, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Explain repairs and estimates to customers", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Diagnostic reasoning", "EV and ADAS systems", "Customer communication", "Repair documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Diagnostics augment skilled techs", "EV transition creates new demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "EV Systems Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn high-voltage certifications", "Practice battery diagnostics", "Study ADAS calibration" ] }, { "title": "Shop Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own work-order flow", "Review diagnostic quality", "Coach junior technicians" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/auto-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/auto-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "aircraft-mechanics", "title": "Aircraft Mechanics and Service Technicians", "soc": "49-3011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$79,870", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 138090, "blsSoc": "49-3011" }, "employment": "Certified aviation maintenance role with strong demand", "education": "FAA-certified training program; Airframe and Powerplant certification", "summary": "Predictive maintenance analytics and AI-assisted diagnostics flag aircraft problems earlier, but certified inspection, repair, and return-to-service sign-off are regulated physical tasks. Aviation safety rules make human certification mandatory.", "caveat": "Sensor data changes when and how maintenance happens, but every repair still requires certified hands and a certified signature. Fleet growth and retirements keep demand strong regardless of tooling.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect aircraft components and airframes", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Repair and replace defective parts", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Read manuals and diagnose malfunctions", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document maintenance and certify work", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "A and P certification", "Diagnostic equipment", "Precision measurement", "Maintenance documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Predictive analytics augment planning", "Certification is legally required" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Avionics Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study aircraft electronics", "Practice software loading and testing", "Earn avionics endorsements" ] }, { "title": "Maintenance Controller", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Coordinate maintenance schedules", "Analyze fleet health data", "Manage parts logistics" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/aircraft-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/aircraft-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "maintenance-repair-workers", "title": "Maintenance and Repair Workers, General", "soc": "49-9071", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$49,590", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1529700, "blsSoc": "49-9071" }, "employment": "One of the largest fix-it occupations across all buildings", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Every building needs someone who can diagnose a noise, repair a pump, patch drywall, and adjust a boiler in the same week. Smart-building sensors help prioritize work orders; the varied physical repair work itself resists automation almost entirely.", "caveat": "Generalist repair work is the opposite of the standardized tasks machines absorb. Building systems monitoring changes what gets fixed first, not who fixes it.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose and repair equipment problems", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Perform preventive maintenance", "exposure": 24, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Repair building structures and fixtures", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record work and order parts", "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Multi-trade repair", "Troubleshooting", "Work order systems", "Vendor coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Smart buildings augment prioritization", "Generalist skills stay scarce" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Facilities Maintenance Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own preventive maintenance programs", "Manage work order backlogs", "Supervise contractors" ] }, { "title": "Building Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "6-18", "actions": [ "Learn building systems operations", "Study boiler and HVAC licenses", "Practice energy management" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/maintenance-repair-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/maintenance-repair-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "wind-turbine-technicians", "title": "Wind Turbine Service Technicians", "soc": "49-9081", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$64,120", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 9980, "blsSoc": "49-9081" }, "employment": "One of the fastest-growing occupations in the economy", "education": "Postsecondary certificate plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Technicians climb towers to troubleshoot mechanical, hydraulic, and electrical systems in remote locations — work no robot performs. Sensor data and predictive analytics direct them to problems earlier, which increases the value of skilled field response.", "caveat": "Remote monitoring reduces unnecessary climbs but cannot turn a wrench at 300 feet. Fleet expansion guarantees demand; the role gains diagnostic tooling rather than facing substitution.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Troubleshoot turbine malfunctions", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Climb towers for inspection and repair", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Perform routine maintenance", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Collect and analyze turbine data", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Electromechanical troubleshooting", "Tower climbing safety", "SCADA data literacy", "Fiberglass repair" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Fastest-growing green trade", "Monitoring data augments field work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Wind Farm Site Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Coordinate maintenance windows", "Own site safety programs", "Track fleet performance data" ] }, { "title": "Renewable Energy Controls Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn SCADA systems deeply", "Practice controls troubleshooting", "Study grid integration basics" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/wind-turbine-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/wind-turbine-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "cnc-operators", "title": "Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Operators", "soc": "51-9161", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$50,690", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 169450, "blsSoc": "51-9161" }, "employment": "Machine-tending role inside automated manufacturing", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training", "summary": "CNC operators work alongside the automation itself: loading workpieces, monitoring runs, listening for tool wear, and adjusting feeds. Lights-out machining absorbs pure button-pushing, while setup judgment, quality checks, and malfunction response stay human.", "caveat": "Unlike setup machinists who program and prove out jobs, operators tend running machines — the more standardized that work is, the more cells run unattended. Operators who learn setup and programming move up and out of the exposed tier.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Set up and operate CNC machines", "exposure": 48, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 32, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor machine operation and displays", "exposure": 62, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 34, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Measure finished workpieces", "exposure": 54, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Adjust programs and tooling", "exposure": 44, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Machine setup", "Precision measurement", "Program adjustment", "Tool wear judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Lights-out cells absorb pure tending", "Setup skills open the machinist path" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "CNC Setup Machinist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn job setup and prove-out", "Study blueprint tolerancing", "Practice first-article inspection" ] }, { "title": "CNC Programmer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn CAM programming", "Optimize tool paths", "Document machining strategies" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cnc-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cnc-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "quality-control-inspectors", "title": "Inspectors, Testers, Sorters, Samplers, and Weighers", "soc": "51-9061", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$48,570", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 597370, "blsSoc": "51-9061" }, "employment": "Large quality workforce facing machine-vision adoption", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Machine vision inspects products faster and more consistently than human eyes for standardized defects, putting real pressure on visual inspection work. Calibration, complex judgment calls, root-cause reporting, and quality-system accountability keep skilled inspectors relevant.", "caveat": "Simple visual sorting is automating quickly. Inspectors who own measurement systems, audit automated inspection results, and drive corrective action become more valuable as factories instrument their quality processes.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 54, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect products for specification conformance", "exposure": 66, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Measure dimensions with precision instruments", "exposure": 52, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Record and analyze test data", "exposure": 62, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Write inspection reports and recommend actions", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 58, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Precision measurement", "Quality systems", "Machine-vision oversight", "Root-cause analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "Machine vision absorbs visual sorting", "Quality accountability remains human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Quality Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own vision-system validation", "Build SPC charts", "Audit automated inspection results" ] }, { "title": "Quality Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 152, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Study quality engineering methods", "Learn statistical process control", "Lead corrective action programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/quality-control-inspectors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/quality-control-inspectors.json" } }, { "slug": "team-assemblers", "title": "Team Assemblers", "soc": "51-2092", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$41,490", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "One of the largest manufacturing occupations", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Assembly line work is the historical heart of factory automation, and collaborative robots keep taking repetitive stations. Line balancing, quality checks, changeover judgment, and rotation across tasks keep human assemblers present in most plants.", "caveat": "Highly standardized electronics and automotive assembly automates first. Mixed-model, low-volume, and final-assembly work with frequent changeovers keeps human flexibility economically superior for longer.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Perform assembly tasks in rotation", "exposure": 46, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check product quality", "exposure": 52, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Review work orders and blueprints", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Maintain production equipment", "exposure": 34, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Station flexibility", "Quality awareness", "Robot collaboration", "Safety discipline" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Cobots take repetitive stations", "Wage vulnerability is high" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Production Team Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own line balancing", "Track station quality metrics", "Train rotating team members" ] }, { "title": "Manufacturing Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn PLC and controls basics", "Document process improvements", "Practice equipment troubleshooting" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/team-assemblers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/team-assemblers.json" } }, { "slug": "taxi-drivers", "title": "Taxi Drivers", "soc": "53-3054", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$42,100", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 41050, "blsSoc": "53-3054" }, "employment": "Urban passenger transport under direct robotaxi competition", "education": "No formal educational credential; local licensing required", "summary": "Ride-hail apps already restructured this occupation, and robotaxis now compete directly on the same urban routes. Airport complexity, passenger assistance, local knowledge, and irregular trips keep human drivers in the mix, but the trajectory is clearly downward.", "caveat": "Robotaxi service is live in several cities and expanding, making this one of the most concrete autonomous-vehicle displacement cases. The realistic near-term shelter is assisted rides, paratransit, and markets where regulators move slowly.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drive passengers to destinations", "exposure": 56, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Collect fares and process payments", "exposure": 72, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 14, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Assist passengers with luggage and access", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain vehicle condition", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 32, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Urban navigation", "Passenger assistance", "Safety judgment", "Local knowledge" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Robotaxis compete on the same routes", "Assisted and accessible rides persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Paratransit Driver", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Learn accessibility assistance protocols", "Complete defensive driving certification", "Practice passenger securement" ] }, { "title": "Fleet Operations Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage driver schedules", "Track vehicle utilization", "Coordinate maintenance windows" ] } ], "sources": [ "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/taxi-drivers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/taxi-drivers.json" } }, { "slug": "airline-pilots", "title": "Airline Pilots, Copilots, and Flight Engineers", "soc": "53-2011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$232,140", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 103560, "blsSoc": "53-2011" }, "employment": "Highly certified aviation role with persistent shortages", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus extensive flight training and ATP certification", "summary": "Autopilot has flown planes for decades, yet pilot demand keeps rising. Emergency judgment, crew coordination, weather decision-making, and legal command authority make piloting a case study in why automation assists rather than replaces certified humans.", "caveat": "Single-pilot operation is debated in the industry, but certification requirements, passenger trust, and safety statistics make reduced-crew adoption slow. Training capacity, not automation, is the current constraint on pilot supply.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Pilot aircraft along flight plans", "exposure": 28, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Respond to in-flight emergencies", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 28, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Inspect aircraft before flights", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 38, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Coordinate with crews and control towers", "exposure": 20, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Flight judgment", "Systems management", "Crew coordination", "Emergency procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Pilot shortage persists globally", "Automation raises productivity per pilot" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Captain", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 84, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "24-60", "actions": [ "Accumulate pilot-in-command hours", "Complete upgrade training", "Mentor first officers" ] }, { "title": "Check Airman and Instructor Pilot", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn instructor qualifications", "Evaluate simulator performance", "Standardize crew procedures" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/airline-pilots/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/airline-pilots.json" } }, { "slug": "flight-attendants", "title": "Flight Attendants", "soc": "53-2031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$63,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 131650, "blsSoc": "53-2031" }, "employment": "Safety-certified cabin crew role with travel-demand growth", "education": "High school diploma plus airline training and certification", "summary": "Flight attendants are certified safety professionals first and service workers second: evacuations, medical emergencies, and threat monitoring at 35,000 feet cannot be automated. Service efficiencies change cabin staffing ratios slowly, but the safety mandate persists.", "caveat": "Regulations tie minimum cabin crew to aircraft capacity, which structurally limits substitution. AI touches scheduling and service logistics, not the emergency-response core of the job.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct emergency procedures and evacuations", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 20, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Monitor cabin safety and passenger behavior", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Administer first aid to passengers", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Serve and assist passengers", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Emergency response", "Conflict de-escalation", "First aid", "Service coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Safety certification anchors staffing", "Service tools augment cabin work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lead Flight Attendant", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 82, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own cabin crew coordination", "Handle escalated passenger situations", "Mentor new attendants" ] }, { "title": "Inflight Training Instructor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Develop safety curriculum", "Run evacuation drills", "Evaluate trainee performance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/flight-attendants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/flight-attendants.json" } }, { "slug": "air-traffic-controllers", "title": "Air Traffic Controllers", "soc": "53-2021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$148,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 22510, "blsSoc": "53-2021" }, "employment": "Safety-critical federal role with chronic staffing shortages", "education": "FAA Academy training; extensive on-the-job certification", "summary": "Decision-support tools help controllers sequence traffic and detect conflicts, but every instruction to a pilot carries human legal authority. Emergency handling, judgment under time pressure, and system-wide coordination keep controllers indispensable.", "caveat": "Automation proposals in air traffic control consistently land on assisting controllers, not replacing them, because liability for separation decisions requires a human in the loop. Staffing shortages reinforce job security.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor and direct aircraft movement", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Issue takeoff and landing instructions", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Handle emergencies and unusual situations", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 36, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Coordinate with adjacent facilities", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Spatial judgment", "Decision speed under pressure", "Radio communication", "Procedural discipline" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Chronic controller shortage", "Decision support augments, never replaces" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Traffic Management Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage flow programs", "Analyze delay data", "Coordinate facility initiatives" ] }, { "title": "Airspace Procedure Designer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study procedure design criteria", "Model airspace changes", "Draft safety cases" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/air-traffic-controllers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/air-traffic-controllers.json" } }, { "slug": "family-medicine-physicians", "title": "Family Medicine Physicians", "soc": "29-1215", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$244,180", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 107510, "blsSoc": "29-1215" }, "employment": "Primary care role with persistent national shortage", "education": "Doctoral degree plus residency and board certification", "summary": "AI documentation and diagnostic-support tools reduce the administrative load that drives physician burnout. Diagnosis of undifferentiated patients, chronic disease management, procedures, and the longitudinal patient relationship keep primary care deeply human.", "caveat": "Symptom-checker AI changes how patients arrive, not who is accountable for the diagnosis. Primary care shortages mean every efficiency gain converts to more access, not fewer physicians.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose and treat patients", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Record and maintain patient information", "exposure": 62, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 74, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Counsel patients on prevention and treatment", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Coordinate care with specialists and staff", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical judgment", "Patient relationships", "AI documentation review", "Care coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Documentation relief is the real AI story", "Primary care shortage supports demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Primary Care Medical Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Lead clinical quality programs", "Own panel health metrics", "Guide AI tool adoption" ] }, { "title": "Clinical Informatics Physician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "6-18", "actions": [ "Pursue informatics fellowship", "Evaluate clinical AI tools", "Design documentation workflows" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/family-medicine-physicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/family-medicine-physicians.json" } }, { "slug": "psychiatrists", "title": "Psychiatrists", "soc": "29-1223", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$281,870", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 27980, "blsSoc": "29-1223" }, "employment": "Specialty medical role amid a mental health demand crisis", "education": "Doctoral degree plus psychiatry residency and board certification", "summary": "AI chatbots now offer conversation that feels therapeutic, creating real public debate. Medication management, risk assessment, complex diagnosis, and legal duties around patient safety keep psychiatric care licensed and human-accountable.", "caveat": "AI companions may absorb some low-acuity support demand, but psychiatry's hardest work — suicide risk, psychosis, medication interactions, involuntary treatment decisions — carries liability no chatbot accepts. Demand far exceeds supply.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose mental and behavioral disorders", "exposure": 34, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prescribe and manage medications", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Counsel patients in treatment", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Document patient records and care plans", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Diagnostic judgment", "Psychopharmacology", "Risk assessment", "AI tool evaluation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Chatbots raise safety and quality questions", "Severe mental health shortage persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Telepsychiatry Medical Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead virtual care programs", "Set AI chatbot boundaries", "Own clinical quality metrics" ] }, { "title": "Addiction Psychiatrist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete addiction fellowship", "Build MAT program expertise", "Study substance-use treatment systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/psychiatrists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/psychiatrists.json" } }, { "slug": "radiologists", "title": "Radiologists", "soc": "29-1224", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$420,860", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 26770, "blsSoc": "29-1224" }, "employment": "Imaging specialty at the center of the AI-versus-doctor debate", "education": "Doctoral degree plus radiology residency and board certification", "summary": "Radiology is the specialty AI was predicted to eliminate first — and instead it became the specialty most transformed by augmentation. AI triages studies, drafts measurements, and flags findings, while radiologists handle ambiguous cases, interventional procedures, and final diagnostic accountability.", "caveat": "This is the honest version of the story: reading patterns are genuinely automatable, and AI already reads some study types well. What persists is differential judgment across clinical context, procedures, quality control, and legal responsibility for the report — plus imaging volume growth that absorbs the efficiency.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 74, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Interpret diagnostic imaging studies", "exposure": 74, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 78, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare interpretive reports", "exposure": 76, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Perform image-guided procedures", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Confer with referring physicians", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Diagnostic imaging judgment", "AI triage oversight", "Interventional technique", "Clinical correlation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Highest AI exposure among physicians", "Augmentation is outpacing substitution", "Report accountability remains human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Interventional Radiologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete IR fellowship", "Build procedural volume", "Master image-guided interventions" ] }, { "title": "AI Imaging Validation Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Evaluate AI reading accuracy", "Design triage workflows", "Audit model performance over time" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/radiologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/radiologists.json" } }, { "slug": "dentists", "title": "Dentists, General", "soc": "29-1021", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$170,950", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 124390, "blsSoc": "29-1021" }, "employment": "Procedure-based clinical role with stable demand", "education": "Doctoral degree plus state licensure", "summary": "AI imaging analysis helps detect caries and plan treatments, but drilling, filling, extracting, and fitting are surgical tasks performed by hand in a patient's mouth. Diagnosis support augments; the procedure is the profession.", "caveat": "The AI story in dentistry is better detection and treatment planning, not robotic dentistry at scale. Licensed surgical work on anxious patients keeps this among the most automation-resistant clinical roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Perform dental procedures and surgery", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Examine and diagnose oral conditions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Plan patient treatments", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise patients on preventive care", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical procedure skill", "AI imaging review", "Treatment planning", "Patient management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "AI detection aids diagnosis", "Hands-on procedures define the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Dental Specialist (Orthodontics or Surgery)", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete specialty residency", "Build referral relationships", "Master specialty procedures" ] }, { "title": "Practice Owner and Clinical Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn practice finance", "Adopt digital workflow tools", "Lead clinical teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/dentists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/dentists.json" } }, { "slug": "dental-hygienists", "title": "Dental Hygienists", "soc": "29-1292", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$98,100", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 222740, "blsSoc": "29-1292" }, "employment": "Licensed preventive care role with strong demand", "education": "Associate degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Cleaning teeth, taking x-rays, screening for disease, and coaching patients on oral health are hands-on licensed tasks. AI imaging review and scheduling tools streamline the office around hygienists without touching the clinical work.", "caveat": "Preventive care capacity is the constraint in most dental practices, and it is delivered by hand. Technology makes hygienists more productive per patient, which supports rather than threatens demand.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Clean teeth and remove deposits", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Take and evaluate dental x-rays", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Screen patients for oral disease", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Educate patients on oral health", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical technique", "Disease screening", "Patient education", "Digital imaging" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Preventive demand exceeds supply", "AI imaging augments screening" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Expanded-Practice Dental Hygienist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Pursue expanded-function certification", "Learn restorative assistance", "Study state scope rules" ] }, { "title": "Dental Hygiene Program Educator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Develop clinical curriculum", "Supervise student clinics", "Evaluate student competencies" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/dental-hygienists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/dental-hygienists.json" } }, { "slug": "pharmacists", "title": "Pharmacists", "soc": "29-1051", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$140,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 321970, "blsSoc": "29-1051" }, "employment": "Licensed medication role splitting between retail automation and clinical growth", "education": "Doctor of Pharmacy degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Dispensing robots and central-fill operations automate the counting-and-labeling core of retail pharmacy. Medication therapy review, drug interaction judgment, immunizations, and clinical consultation are where pharmacist value is moving.", "caveat": "Retail dispensing volume is genuinely automating, and chain economics pressure staffing. Clinical, hospital, and specialty pharmacy roles keep growing because verification responsibility and patient counseling remain legally pharmacist work.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Review prescriptions for accuracy and safety", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Dispense and compound medications", "exposure": 56, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Counsel patients on medications", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Collaborate on drug regimens with providers", "exposure": 32, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Medication safety judgment", "Clinical consultation", "Automation oversight", "Immunization delivery" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure in retail", "Clinical roles are growing", "Verification accountability is licensed" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Pharmacist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Pursue residency or certification", "Build rounding experience", "Own medication therapy management" ] }, { "title": "Pharmacy Automation Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own dispensing technology", "Audit automated fill accuracy", "Design verification workflows" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/pharmacists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/pharmacists.json" } }, { "slug": "physician-assistants", "title": "Physician Assistants", "soc": "29-1071", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$135,880", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 162150, "blsSoc": "29-1071" }, "employment": "One of the fastest-growing clinical professions", "education": "Master's degree plus state licensure", "summary": "PAs diagnose, prescribe, perform procedures, and manage patient panels — clinical judgment work that AI supports but cannot own. Documentation tools reduce charting burden while expanding scope-of-practice laws keep demand surging.", "caveat": "The PA role exists to extend physician capacity, and AI extends it further: the same tools that draft notes and suggest differentials make each PA more productive. Team-based care accountability stays human.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine and diagnose patients", "exposure": 34, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Perform therapeutic procedures", "exposure": 20, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document patient data and progress", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Counsel patients on treatment plans", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical diagnosis", "Procedure skills", "AI documentation review", "Team-based care" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Among the fastest-growing roles tracked", "Scope expansion drives demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lead Advanced Practice Provider", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Coordinate APP teams", "Own clinical protocols", "Mentor new PAs" ] }, { "title": "Surgical Physician Assistant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build OR first-assist experience", "Complete surgical training programs", "Master perioperative care" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/physician-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/physician-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "nurse-practitioners", "title": "Nurse Practitioners", "soc": "29-1171", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$132,300", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 323040, "blsSoc": "29-1171" }, "employment": "Fastest-growing advanced clinical role in primary and specialty care", "education": "Master's or doctoral degree plus state licensure", "summary": "NPs diagnose, treat, and prescribe independently in most states — full clinical accountability that AI tools augment rather than assume. Documentation relief, decision support, and care-gap flagging make each NP more productive amid a primary care shortage.", "caveat": "Independent practice authority plus the primary care gap make this one of the strongest demand profiles in healthcare. AI changes the charting and evidence workflow, not the need for a licensed diagnostician.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose and treat health conditions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prescribe medications", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain detailed patient records", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Educate patients on health management", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Independent clinical judgment", "Prescriptive authority", "Care coordination", "AI-assisted documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Independent practice expands", "Primary care shortage drives demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete PMHNP program", "Build psychiatric assessment skills", "Study psychopharmacology" ] }, { "title": "NP Clinic Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own clinic quality metrics", "Lead care team workflows", "Guide AI tool adoption" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/nurse-practitioners/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/nurse-practitioners.json" } }, { "slug": "physical-therapists", "title": "Physical Therapists", "soc": "29-1123", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$102,760", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 267330, "blsSoc": "29-1123" }, "employment": "Rehabilitation profession with aging-population demand", "education": "Doctor of Physical Therapy degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Evaluation, manual therapy, and individualized program design are embodied clinical work. AI exercise apps handle generic home programs, but assessment of movement dysfunction, hands-on treatment, and clinical reasoning stay with the therapist.", "caveat": "Digital MSK tools capture some straightforward cases, yet the profession's core — diagnosing movement problems, progressing complex patients, and manual technique — requires presence and judgment that software does not deliver.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Evaluate patients and diagnose movement problems", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Administer manual therapy and treatment", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document progress and treatment plans", "exposure": 54, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Instruct patients and families", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical movement assessment", "Manual therapy", "Program progression", "Outcome measurement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Digital tools handle simple cases only", "Aging demographics drive demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Orthopedic Clinical Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete residency or board hours", "Build outcome portfolios", "Master advanced manual techniques" ] }, { "title": "Rehabilitation Clinic Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own clinic operations", "Track outcome metrics", "Lead therapist teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/physical-therapists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/physical-therapists.json" } }, { "slug": "veterinarians", "title": "Veterinarians", "soc": "29-1131", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$130,100", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 83900, "blsSoc": "29-1131" }, "employment": "Animal health profession with persistent shortages", "education": "Doctor of Veterinary Medicine degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Examining, diagnosing, and operating on animals that cannot describe their symptoms is pattern-rich but deeply physical work. AI imaging and record tools assist, while surgery, euthanasia counseling, and multi-species clinical judgment keep vets human.", "caveat": "Veterinary medicine has the documentation burden of human medicine with none of the patient self-reporting — AI note-taking helps significantly. The clinical and surgical core is untouched by automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine and diagnose animals", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Perform surgery and treatments", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Advise owners on care and treatment", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Interpret diagnostic images and tests", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Multi-species diagnosis", "Surgical skill", "Client counseling", "AI imaging review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Vet shortage is structural", "Documentation tools reduce burnout" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Veterinary Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "24-48", "actions": [ "Complete specialty residency", "Build referral caseload", "Publish case outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Practice Owner and Medical Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn practice management", "Adopt AI workflow tools", "Lead clinical teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/veterinarians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/veterinarians.json" } }, { "slug": "paramedics", "title": "Paramedics", "soc": "29-2043", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$60,600", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 100610, "blsSoc": "29-2043" }, "employment": "Advanced prehospital care role with staffing shortages", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or associate degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Advanced life support in driveways, highways, and living rooms is the opposite of automatable work: chaotic environments, physical patient handling, and split-second clinical judgment. AI dispatch and documentation tools assist the workflow around the care.", "caveat": "Predictive dispatch and AI charting change how paramedics are deployed and documented, not who performs intubation at a crash scene. EMS staffing crises make this a shortage occupation, not a surplus one.", "scores": { "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer advanced life support", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Assess and prioritize patient conditions", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Operate cardiac and airway equipment", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document care and report to physicians", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Advanced life support", "Field triage judgment", "Equipment operation", "AI-assisted charting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "EMS staffing shortages persist", "Dispatch AI optimizes deployment" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Paramedic Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Coordinate unit deployments", "Review patient care reports", "Mentor new paramedics" ] }, { "title": "Registered Nurse", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Enter a paramedic-to-RN bridge", "Complete clinical rotations", "Pass NCLEX licensure" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/paramedics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/paramedics.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-lab-technologists", "title": "Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technologists", "soc": "29-2011", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$61,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Diagnostic laboratory role with analyzer automation and staffing gaps", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus certification common", "summary": "Automated analyzers already run most routine tests, and AI aids result review — real automation pressure on manual bench work. Result validation, quality assurance, instrument troubleshooting, and complex manual testing keep certified technologists essential.", "caveat": "The lab automated earlier than most of healthcare, which is why the remaining role centers on verification, quality control, and exception handling rather than running every assay by hand. Shortages persist because accuracy accountability cannot be fully delegated.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze biological samples", "exposure": 52, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Verify result accuracy", "exposure": 46, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Operate and calibrate analyzers", "exposure": 44, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Report findings to physicians", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Laboratory quality assurance", "Analyzer operation", "Result validation", "Aseptic technique" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Analyzer automation is mature", "Validation accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Laboratory Information Systems Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn LIS administration", "Automate result workflows", "Audit interface data quality" ] }, { "title": "Laboratory Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own QC program metrics", "Coordinate staffing schedules", "Lead competency assessments" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-lab-technologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-lab-technologists.json" } }, { "slug": "nursing-assistants", "title": "Nursing Assistants", "soc": "31-1131", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$42,260", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1448910, "blsSoc": "31-1131" }, "employment": "One of the largest hands-on care occupations", "education": "State-approved training program and certification", "summary": "Feeding, bathing, repositioning, and comforting patients is physical, relational care delivered at the bedside. Monitoring technology watches for falls and vitals changes, but lifting, turning, and comforting human beings remains entirely manual.", "caveat": "Chronic understaffing in nursing homes and hospitals defines this occupation far more than any automation trend. Technology augments surveillance; it does not perform care.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assist patients with daily activities", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Turn and reposition patients", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Measure and record intake and output", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Report patient changes to nurses", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Safe patient handling", "Observation and reporting", "Compassionate care", "Infection control" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Severe staffing shortages", "Monitoring tech augments surveillance" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Licensed Practical Nurse", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 158, "trainingMonths": "12-18", "actions": [ "Enter an LPN program", "Complete clinical rotations", "Pass state licensure" ] }, { "title": "Restorative Care Aide", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn mobility assistance programs", "Document functional progress", "Partner with therapy teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/nursing-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/nursing-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "home-health-aides", "title": "Home Health and Personal Care Aides", "soc": "31-1121", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$35,800", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 4305810, "blsSoc": "31-1120" }, "employment": "Among the largest and fastest-growing occupations in the US", "education": "No formal credential for many roles; certification varies by state", "summary": "Helping elderly and disabled people bathe, dress, eat, and stay safely at home is the fastest-growing job category in America — and the least automatable. Remote monitoring and AI check-in calls supplement but cannot substitute for physical presence.", "caveat": "Aging demographics guarantee demand growth through the next decade. The occupation's risks are low wages and burnout, not displacement; AI monitoring tools mainly help agencies supervise distributed care.", "scores": { "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 80, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assist with bathing, dressing, and mobility", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare meals and support nutrition", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor and record patient condition", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 50, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Provide companionship and emotional support", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 24, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Personal care", "Condition observation", "Safe transfers", "Family communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Fastest-growing large occupation", "High wage vulnerability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Certified Nursing Assistant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "2-6", "actions": [ "Complete CNA training", "Pass state certification", "Learn facility care protocols" ] }, { "title": "Home Care Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage aide schedules", "Document care plans", "Use remote monitoring dashboards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/home-health-aides/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/home-health-aides.json" } }, { "slug": "clinical-psychologists", "title": "Clinical and Counseling Psychologists", "soc": "19-3033", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$100,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 75990, "blsSoc": "19-3033" }, "employment": "Licensed mental health profession amid soaring demand", "education": "Doctoral degree plus state licensure", "summary": "AI therapy chatbots generate headlines, but assessment, diagnosis, risk evaluation, and the therapeutic relationship are licensed clinical work with legal accountability. Testing interpretation, treatment planning, and crisis judgment keep psychologists human-centered.", "caveat": "Chatbots may absorb some low-acuity wellness demand, and psychologists increasingly supervise AI-supported care. Liability for risk assessment, child custody evaluations, and clinical diagnosis is not delegable to software.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assess and diagnose psychological conditions", "exposure": 36, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Provide psychotherapy to clients", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Administer and interpret psychological tests", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Document treatment plans and progress", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical assessment", "Therapeutic relationship", "Risk evaluation", "AI-supported care oversight" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Mental health demand exceeds supply", "Chatbot supervision becomes a skill" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Neuropsychologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete neuropsychology fellowship", "Master cognitive assessment batteries", "Build medical referral networks" ] }, { "title": "Behavioral Health Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Design stepped-care programs", "Set AI tool clinical boundaries", "Measure treatment outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/clinical-psychologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/clinical-psychologists.json" } }, { "slug": "healthcare-administrators", "title": "Medical and Health Services Managers", "soc": "11-9111", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$123,860", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 597080, "blsSoc": "11-9111" }, "employment": "One of the fastest-growing management occupations", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; master's degree preferred", "summary": "The people deciding how AI gets deployed in hospitals are healthcare administrators. Analytics automate reporting and scheduling, while compliance accountability, staff leadership, budget ownership, and clinical-technology governance keep the role expanding.", "caveat": "AI adoption in healthcare needs owners: evaluating vendors, setting clinical boundaries, managing privacy risk, and restructuring workflows. That governance work lands squarely in this occupation's lap.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct facility operations and staffing", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze facility data and utilization", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare budgets and activity reports", "exposure": 66, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Ensure regulatory and safety compliance", "exposure": 38, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Healthcare operations", "Regulatory compliance", "AI vendor governance", "Budget management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Among the fastest-growing management roles", "AI governance expands the job" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Operating Officer, Healthcare", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden multi-facility scope", "Lead digital health strategy", "Build board-level communication" ] }, { "title": "Clinical Informatics Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Own EHR optimization", "Evaluate clinical AI tools", "Measure adoption outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/healthcare-administrators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/healthcare-administrators.json" } }, { "slug": "preschool-teachers", "title": "Preschool Teachers", "soc": "25-2011", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$38,140", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 478780, "blsSoc": "25-2011" }, "employment": "Early childhood education role with persistent staffing shortages", "education": "Associate degree or CDA credential; bachelor's required in public programs", "summary": "Teaching three- and four-year-olds is developmental, physical, and relational: managing feelings, guiding play, and spotting delays. AI can draft lesson ideas, but attachment, safety, and hands-on early learning happen between a teacher and a child.", "caveat": "Unlike K-12 content delivery, preschool education is care-infused teaching where the adult's presence is the curriculum. Staffing shortages and licensing ratios make this one of the most automation-proof education roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Teach basic skills through play", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Care for children's basic needs", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Observe and evaluate child development", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Meet with parents about progress", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Early childhood development", "Play-based instruction", "Family communication", "Developmental screening" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Staffing shortage is structural", "AI lesson tools assist planning only" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Early Childhood Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Learn licensing administration", "Manage enrollment and staffing", "Build family engagement systems" ] }, { "title": "Kindergarten Teacher", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 170, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete teacher certification", "Student-teach in K-12 settings", "Pass state licensure exams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/preschool-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/preschool-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "middle-school-teachers", "title": "Middle School Teachers", "soc": "25-2022", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$64,370", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 620090, "blsSoc": "25-2022" }, "employment": "Large public-education workforce with subject-specific shortages", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Lesson prep, differentiated materials, and grading are heavily AI-augmentable. What defines middle school teaching is managing adolescents through their most volatile developmental years — classroom culture, motivation, and mentorship that no tool delivers.", "caveat": "Compared with elementary teaching, middle school adds subject depth and behavioral complexity; compared with high school, less content specialization. AI changes preparation workflows far more than the classroom relationship at the center of the job.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Instruct students across subjects", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare lessons and classroom materials", "exposure": 66, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Grade tests and assignments", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Guide students through adjustment problems", "exposure": 18, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Adolescent development", "Classroom management", "AI-assisted planning", "Parent communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Prep and grading augment heavily", "Subject shortages persist in math and science" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Instructional Coach", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Coach peer teachers", "Model AI-integrated lessons", "Analyze student outcome data" ] }, { "title": "School Administrator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn administrative licensure", "Lead school initiatives", "Build discipline and operations experience" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/middle-school-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/middle-school-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "high-school-teachers", "title": "High School Teachers", "soc": "25-2031", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$72,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1065210, "blsSoc": "25-2031" }, "employment": "Large public-education workforce with subject-specialist shortages", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus state licensure", "summary": "AI writes serviceable lesson plans, practice sets, and essay feedback, transforming preparation and grading for subject-specialist teachers. Deep content knowledge, AP and dual-enrollment rigor, college-prep mentorship, and classroom culture remain the human core.", "caveat": "Compared with earlier grades, high school teaching leans harder on content expertise and postsecondary guidance. AI cheating and AI grading pressure assessment design more than they threaten staffing, which is driven by licensure and subject shortages.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Instruct students in specialized subjects", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare lessons and course materials", "exposure": 68, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 76, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Grade tests and assignments", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Guide students on academic and career paths", "exposure": 22, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Subject-matter depth", "Assessment design", "AI-aware instruction", "College-prep advising" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Prep and grading augment heavily", "STEM and special-ed shortages persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum alignment", "Coach department teachers", "Set AI use policies for coursework" ] }, { "title": "Instructional Coach", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Model effective instruction", "Analyze student data with teachers", "Lead professional development" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/high-school-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/high-school-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "special-education-teachers", "title": "Special Education Teachers", "soc": "25-2056", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$67,170", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 583430, "blsSoc": "25-2050" }, "employment": "Chronically understaffed licensed specialty across all school levels", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus special education licensure", "summary": "Individualized education programs, behavioral intervention, and one-on-one instruction for students with disabilities are legally mandated, relationship-intensive work. AI helps draft IEP documentation, but the specialized teaching and legal accountability stay human.", "caveat": "This is the hardest teaching role to staff in most districts, and IEP obligations are legal entitlements, not content. Documentation automation reduces the burnout driving attrition, which supports rather than threatens the workforce.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Provide individualized instruction", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop and manage IEPs", "exposure": 54, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Adapt materials for varying needs", "exposure": 58, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Coordinate with parents and specialists", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "IEP compliance", "Behavioral intervention", "Differentiated instruction", "Assistive technology" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Severe national staffing shortage", "Documentation relief reduces attrition" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Special Education Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own district IEP compliance", "Coach case managers", "Audit documentation quality" ] }, { "title": "Board Certified Behavior Analyst", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "18-30", "actions": [ "Complete BCBA coursework", "Accumulate supervised fieldwork", "Pass certification exam" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/special-education-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/special-education-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "school-counselors", "title": "Educational, Guidance, and Career Counselors", "soc": "21-1012", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$64,330", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 353310, "blsSoc": "21-1012" }, "employment": "Student support role with rising mental-health demand", "education": "Master's degree plus state certification", "summary": "Career quizzes, college list building, and schedule planning are increasingly AI-assisted. Crisis intervention, abuse identification, mental health support, and the trusted-adult relationship for struggling students remain deeply human work.", "caveat": "Caseloads of 300-plus students mean counselors are rationed, not replaced. AI college-planning tools handle information retrieval, freeing counselors for the crisis and developmental work only humans can do.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Counsel students on personal problems", "exposure": 22, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Provide crisis intervention", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 28, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Guide course and career planning", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Maintain student records and reports", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 60, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Crisis response", "Developmental counseling", "College and career advising", "Referral coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Student mental-health demand is rising", "Planning tools absorb information work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of School Counseling", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Design counseling program standards", "Supervise counselor teams", "Measure student outcome data" ] }, { "title": "Licensed Professional Counselor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete clinical hours", "Study clinical licensure requirements", "Build therapeutic practice skills" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/school-counselors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/school-counselors.json" } }, { "slug": "emergency-dispatchers", "title": "Public Safety Telecommunicators", "soc": "43-5031", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$53,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 102500, "blsSoc": "43-5031" }, "employment": "High-stakes 911 call center role with chronic vacancies", "education": "High school diploma plus extensive on-the-job certification", "summary": "AI transcription and call-triage tools are arriving in 911 centers, assisting with documentation and non-emergency call deflection. Life-or-death triage, calming panicked callers, and coordinating multi-agency response keep certified dispatchers essential.", "caveat": "Unlike routine dispatch, 911 work carries legal accountability for triage decisions under extreme time pressure. Staffing crises are so severe that centers deploy AI to cover vacancy gaps, not to replace certified telecommunicators.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Triage emergency calls", "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Dispatch police, fire, and medical units", "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Provide pre-arrival instructions to callers", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Document calls and response details", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Emergency triage judgment", "Caller management under stress", "Multi-agency coordination", "AI transcription review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate augmentation pressure", "Severe staffing shortage drives AI adoption for coverage", "Accountability keeps humans in triage" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Communications Center Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own shift quality review", "Coach new dispatchers", "Manage AI triage configurations" ] }, { "title": "Emergency Management Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Build incident response plans", "Run multi-agency drills", "Analyze response-time data" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/emergency-dispatchers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/emergency-dispatchers.json" } }, { "slug": "detectives", "title": "Detectives and Criminal Investigators", "soc": "33-3021", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$93,790", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 114430, "blsSoc": "33-3021" }, "employment": "Sworn investigative role within police agencies", "education": "Police academy plus investigative experience", "summary": "AI accelerates record searches, evidence organization, and pattern analysis across case data. Interviewing witnesses, reading deception, securing scenes, and building prosecutable cases remain judgment work with legal accountability.", "caveat": "Investigative analytics surface leads faster, but cases are closed through interviews, evidence chains, and courtroom credibility. AI in criminal justice faces heightened scrutiny, which keeps human investigators at the center of every decision.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Interview witnesses and suspects", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Process and analyze evidence", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Examine records for suspect data", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare reports and case files", "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Interview technique", "Evidence handling", "Case construction", "Investigative analytics" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Analytics accelerate lead generation", "Court accountability anchors the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Detective Sergeant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Prepare for promotional exams", "Supervise case reviews", "Mentor junior detectives" ] }, { "title": "Crime Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 94, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn crime mapping tools", "Analyze pattern data", "Audit AI-generated leads" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/detectives/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/detectives.json" } }, { "slug": "correctional-officers", "title": "Correctional Officers and Jailers", "soc": "33-3012", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$58,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 380500, "blsSoc": "33-3012" }, "employment": "Custody workforce with persistent recruitment shortfalls", "education": "High school diploma plus corrections academy training", "summary": "Surveillance technology and AI monitoring change how facilities watch housing units, but custody means physical presence: searches, escorts, dispute settlement, and emergency response inside secure facilities cannot be delegated to cameras.", "caveat": "Monitoring tech reduces some observation posts while legal and safety requirements keep officer-to-population presence mandatory. Facilities face recruitment crises, so technology fills gaps rather than displacing officers.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise inmate conduct and activities", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Search prisoners and cells for contraband", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect facility security conditions", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Document incidents and daily logs", "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Conflict de-escalation", "Security procedures", "Incident documentation", "Emergency response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Recruitment shortfalls drive tech adoption", "Custody presence is legally required" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Correctional Sergeant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Prepare for promotional review", "Supervise housing units", "Lead incident response" ] }, { "title": "Correctional Counselor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study case management", "Build rehabilitation program experience", "Practice motivational interviewing" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/correctional-officers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/correctional-officers.json" } }, { "slug": "tsa-screeners", "title": "Transportation Security Screeners", "soc": "33-9093", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$66,770", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 50290, "blsSoc": "33-9093" }, "employment": "Federal aviation security workforce at airports nationwide", "education": "High school diploma plus TSA certification training", "summary": "AI baggage scanners already flag threats in carry-on images, making this a real frontline of human-AI teaming: algorithms detect, officers decide. Pat-downs, alarm resolution, passenger management, and breach response keep screeners on every lane.", "caveat": "CT scanners with automated detection improve throughput but every alarm still requires a human decision and often a physical search. Security accountability and the passenger interface keep the role staffed even as machine accuracy improves.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect carry-on items with x-ray equipment", "exposure": 56, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Search baggage and passengers by hand", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Resolve machine alarms and anomalies", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Manage passenger flow and documents", "exposure": 44, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Threat detection", "Alarm resolution judgment", "Passenger management", "AI scanner operation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI detection augments human decisions", "Physical search remains mandatory" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lead Transportation Security Officer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Coach lane teams", "Review alarm resolution quality", "Manage checkpoint flow" ] }, { "title": "Security Training Instructor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Develop threat-image curricula", "Evaluate screener performance", "Run certification drills" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tsa-screeners/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tsa-screeners.json" } }, { "slug": "social-workers", "title": "Child, Family, and School Social Workers", "soc": "21-1021", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$59,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 392550, "blsSoc": "21-1021" }, "employment": "Large public-service casework workforce with high burnout", "education": "Bachelor's degree; master's and licensure for clinical work", "summary": "Case documentation, eligibility paperwork, and report drafting are exactly the administrative burden AI can reduce. Home visits, abuse assessment, crisis counseling, and court testimony require presence, judgment, and legal accountability.", "caveat": "Caseworker attrition is driven by documentation load and emotional strain more than any technology threat. AI's realistic role is giving hours back to fieldwork, and courts will not accept algorithmic custody judgments.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assess family situations and needs", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Counsel clients through crises", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain case records and reports", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Coordinate services and referrals", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Family assessment", "Crisis counseling", "Case documentation", "Service coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Documentation relief could reduce burnout", "Fieldwork and testimony stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Licensed Clinical Social Worker", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete MSW clinical hours", "Pass clinical licensure exam", "Build therapeutic caseloads" ] }, { "title": "Child Welfare Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Review case decisions", "Coach caseworkers", "Track outcome metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/social-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/social-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "budget-analysts", "title": "Budget Analysts", "soc": "13-2031", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$91,640", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 47160, "blsSoc": "13-2031" }, "employment": "Government and corporate finance analysis role", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Compiling budget reports, checking estimates for completeness, and cost analysis are heavily AI-assistable workflows. Interpreting directives, advising managers on allocations, and defending budgets to fund-granting authorities keep the judgment layer human.", "caveat": "The spreadsheet mechanics of budget work automate readily; the negotiation, policy interpretation, and political judgment of resource allocation do not. Analysts who own advisory relationships fare better than those who compile reports.", "scores": { "exposure": 64, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compile and analyze budget data", "exposure": 74, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Examine estimates for accuracy", "exposure": 68, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Perform cost-benefit analyses", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise managers on allocations", "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Financial analysis", "Policy interpretation", "AI-assisted modeling", "Executive advising" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Report compilation is automating", "Allocation judgment is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Senior Budget Officer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own agency budget strategy", "Present to funding authorities", "Lead analyst teams" ] }, { "title": "Financial Planning and Analysis Manager", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build driver-based forecasts", "Automate variance reporting", "Partner with operating leaders" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/budget-analysts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/budget-analysts.json" } }, { "slug": "financial-examiners", "title": "Financial Examiners", "soc": "13-2061", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$94,160", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 67830, "blsSoc": "13-2061" }, "employment": "Regulatory examination role across banking and finance", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Document review, compliance checking, and examination report drafting are strongly AI-augmentable. On-site examination judgment, meetings with institution leadership, and solvency recommendations keep examiners in regulatory authority.", "caveat": "Regulators are adopting the same AI tools banks use, which raises examiner productivity. The authority to compel documents, interview executives, and issue findings remains inherently governmental and human.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Review institution records for compliance", "exposure": 68, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 66, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Prepare examination reports", "exposure": 74, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Meet with directors and management", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Recommend corrective actions", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Regulatory frameworks", "Risk assessment", "Examination technique", "AI document review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Examination analytics are maturing", "Regulatory authority is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Compliance Risk Manager", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move to institution-side compliance", "Build control testing programs", "Manage regulatory relationships" ] }, { "title": "Supervisory Examiner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead examination teams", "Own risk-rating decisions", "Mentor junior examiners" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/financial-examiners/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/financial-examiners.json" } }, { "slug": "financial-risk-specialists", "title": "Financial Risk Specialists", "soc": "13-2054", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$117,330", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 63850, "blsSoc": "13-2054" }, "employment": "Quantitative risk role growing with model governance demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree; quantitative background expected", "summary": "Risk quantification, scenario generation, and report production are deeply AI-augmentable. Model design judgment, communicating uncertainty to decision-makers, and governing the AI models themselves keep risk specialists on the right side of automation.", "caveat": "The role both uses and supervises models: someone must decide whether the model's output is trustworthy. That metacognitive layer — validation, scenario design, and risk communication — is where demand is growing fastest.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct statistical risk analyses", "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Devise scenario and stress analyses", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Produce risk reports and presentations", "exposure": 74, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Advise on risk mitigation strategies", "exposure": 36, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Risk modeling", "Model validation", "Scenario design", "Executive communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Model governance demand is surging", "Judgment about models is the moat" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Model Risk Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own model validation frameworks", "Audit AI model outputs", "Document model limitations" ] }, { "title": "Chief Risk Officer Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden enterprise risk exposure", "Lead risk committees", "Build regulatory communication skills" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/financial-risk-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/financial-risk-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "cost-estimators", "title": "Cost Estimators", "soc": "13-1051", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$78,740", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 224220, "blsSoc": "13-1051" }, "employment": "Estimation role across construction and manufacturing", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; construction experience valued", "summary": "AI takeoff tools now read blueprints and generate quantity estimates automatically, pressuring the calculation core of this role. Site judgment, subcontractor negotiation, scope ambiguity, and bid strategy keep experienced estimators valuable.", "caveat": "Automated takeoff handles standard plans well; unusual sites, incomplete drawings, and competitive bid positioning still require human estimation. Estimators who own client and vendor relationships outlast pure quantity producers.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze blueprints for cost estimates", "exposure": 76, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Collect and maintain cost data", "exposure": 70, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Confer with contractors and engineers", "exposure": 32, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Visit sites to assess conditions", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Blueprint analysis", "Cost databases", "Bid strategy", "AI takeoff oversight" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "Automated takeoff is maturing fast", "Site and scope judgment persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Estimator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own bid strategy", "Validate AI takeoff output", "Build historical cost databases" ] }, { "title": "Project Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn project scheduling", "Manage subcontractor performance", "Own project budgets end-to-end" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cost-estimators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cost-estimators.json" } }, { "slug": "real-estate-appraisers", "title": "Appraisers and Assessors of Real Estate", "soc": "13-2023", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$65,630", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Valuation profession pressured by automated valuation models", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus state certification", "summary": "Automated valuation models price standard homes instantly, squeezing appraisal volume for routine properties. Complex properties, legal disputes, unique assets, and the certified signature that lenders and courts require keep appraisers necessary.", "caveat": "AVMs have compressed the commodity end of appraisal for years, and AI improves them further. The durable work is non-standard: commercial, rural, litigation, and properties where condition judgment requires physical inspection.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Evaluate properties for value", "exposure": 58, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Inspect properties and sites", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Research comparable sales data", "exposure": 70, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare certified appraisal reports", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 62, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Valuation judgment", "Property inspection", "Market analysis", "Report certification" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "AVMs own commodity valuation", "Complex and legal work persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Commercial Real Estate Appraiser", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Pursue general certification", "Build commercial assignment experience", "Study income-approach methods" ] }, { "title": "Valuation Review Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Audit AVM output quality", "Review third-party appraisals", "Flag valuation outliers" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/real-estate-appraisers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/real-estate-appraisers.json" } }, { "slug": "compensation-benefits-specialists", "title": "Compensation, Benefits, and Job Analysis Specialists", "soc": "13-1141", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$78,210", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 112380, "blsSoc": "13-1141" }, "employment": "HR analytics role with growing pay-transparency demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Salary benchmarking, job description drafting, and benefits data analysis are highly AI-assistable. Pay equity judgment, compliance with rapidly changing transparency laws, union negotiation support, and program design keep specialists valuable.", "caveat": "Benchmarking data is commoditizing fast, but pay-transparency legislation is multiplying the compliance work. Specialists who interpret regulations and design defensible pay programs are busier, not rarer.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 50, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze compensation data and benchmarks", "exposure": 74, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Evaluate and classify job positions", "exposure": 66, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Administer benefits programs", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Advise managers on pay regulations", "exposure": 36, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Pay program design", "Regulatory compliance", "HR analytics", "Job evaluation methods" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Benchmarking is commoditizing", "Pay-transparency laws create demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Total Rewards Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own compensation strategy", "Design equity audit processes", "Lead benefits vendor selection" ] }, { "title": "People Analytics Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build workforce dashboards", "Analyze pay equity data", "Validate AI-generated insights" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/compensation-benefits-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/compensation-benefits-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "buyers-purchasing-agents", "title": "Buyers and Purchasing Agents", "soc": "13-1023", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$77,710", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 491430, "blsSoc": "13-1020" }, "employment": "Procurement role with e-sourcing automation pressure", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "E-sourcing platforms and AI price analysis automate bid collection, specification drafting, and supplier comparison. Negotiation, supplier relationship management, quality judgment, and strategic sourcing decisions keep buyers valuable.", "caveat": "Transactional buying is flowing to catalogs and automated procurement. Buyers who own complex categories, negotiate multi-year contracts, and manage supplier risk keep leverage; order placers do not.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze price proposals and supplier data", "exposure": 72, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare purchase orders and requisitions", "exposure": 78, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Negotiate supplier contracts", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Evaluate and monitor supplier performance", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Strategic sourcing", "Contract negotiation", "Supplier management", "AI procurement tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Transactional buying is automating", "Complex category management endures" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Category Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own a spend category strategy", "Analyze total cost data", "Lead supplier reviews" ] }, { "title": "Procurement Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Manage buyer teams", "Set sourcing policies", "Negotiate enterprise agreements" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/buyers-purchasing-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/buyers-purchasing-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "sales-engineers", "title": "Sales Engineers", "soc": "41-9031", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$124,900", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 51790, "blsSoc": "41-9031" }, "employment": "Technical sales role with strong B2B demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree in engineering or technical field common", "summary": "AI generates proposal drafts, RFP responses, and technical documentation quickly, compressing the writing layer of technical sales. Solution architecture, live demonstrations, customer-specific problem solving, and trusted technical advisory keep sales engineers in demand.", "caveat": "The RFP grind is automating fastest. Sales engineers whose value is translating complex technology into a specific customer's environment keep pricing power because buyers still buy from people they trust on technical risk.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare proposals and RFP responses", "exposure": 76, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Demonstrate technical solutions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Assess customer technical requirements", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Support post-sale implementation", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Solution architecture", "Technical presentation", "Customer discovery", "AI proposal workflows" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Proposal drafting is automating", "Technical trust stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Solutions Architect", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Deepen architecture patterns", "Own complex solution design", "Lead technical evaluations" ] }, { "title": "Product Manager", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Translate customer insight to roadmaps", "Build product business cases", "Partner with engineering teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/sales-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/sales-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "economists", "title": "Economists", "soc": "19-3011", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$124,720", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 17790, "blsSoc": "19-3011" }, "employment": "Research and policy analysis profession across government and industry", "education": "Master's or doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Data compilation, literature review, and draft analysis are heavily AI-accelerated. Research framing, model identification judgment, policy interpretation, and defending economic conclusions to skeptical audiences keep the profession augmentation-led.", "caveat": "AI can produce plausible economic analysis, which raises the premium on knowing whether it is right. Economists who design studies, question causal claims, and translate findings for decision-makers remain scarce.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compile and analyze economic data", "exposure": 72, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Forecast trends with mathematical models", "exposure": 64, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Write research reports and articles", "exposure": 76, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Advise on policy and economic impacts", "exposure": 34, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Causal inference", "Econometric modeling", "Policy communication", "AI analysis validation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Analysis production is augmenting", "Framing and inference judgment are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Economist Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Build public forecast record", "Lead research teams", "Develop media communication skills" ] }, { "title": "Data Science Lead", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Deepen ML tooling", "Own measurement strategy", "Translate models for executives" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/economists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/economists.json" } }, { "slug": "supply-chain-managers", "title": "Transportation, Storage, and Distribution Managers", "soc": "11-3071", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$107,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 221180, "blsSoc": "11-3071" }, "employment": "Logistics leadership role with strong post-disruption demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Route optimization, inventory analytics, and carrier performance reporting are increasingly automated. Warehouse and fleet operations leadership, carrier negotiation, safety compliance, and disruption response keep distribution management human-led.", "caveat": "Unlike analyst-level logistics roles, this is an operations command position: people, facilities, budgets, and compliance. AI tools change the information flow to the manager, not the accountability the manager carries.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct warehouse and distribution operations", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze logistics costs and efficiency", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Negotiate with carriers and partners", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Monitor safety and regulatory compliance", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Operations leadership", "Carrier negotiation", "Logistics analytics", "Safety compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Analytics automate reporting", "Operational accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Distribution", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own multi-site networks", "Lead automation implementations", "Present network strategy" ] }, { "title": "Supply Chain Vice President Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden end-to-end scope", "Lead S&OP processes", "Build executive strategy skills" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/supply-chain-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/supply-chain-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "network-architects", "title": "Computer Network Architects", "soc": "15-1241", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$134,050", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 179740, "blsSoc": "15-1241" }, "employment": "Infrastructure design role with cloud-era demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI-assisted design tools generate network diagrams, configuration drafts, and capacity projections. Enterprise architecture judgment, security design, vendor evaluation, and accountability for network resilience keep architects in design authority.", "caveat": "Design documentation automates well; the decisions behind it — topology tradeoffs, failure-mode planning, security segmentation — require understanding a specific organization's risk and constraints. Architects who own outcomes stay central.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop network designs and specifications", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Prepare design documentation and proposals", "exposure": 70, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate hardware and software products", "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coordinate implementation and upgrades", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Network architecture", "Security design", "Capacity planning", "Vendor evaluation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Design drafting is augmenting", "Architecture accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Cloud Solutions Architect", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Earn cloud architecture certifications", "Design hybrid network topologies", "Lead migration planning" ] }, { "title": "Enterprise Architect", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Broaden systems architecture scope", "Learn architecture frameworks", "Own technology roadmaps" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/network-architects/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/network-architects.json" } }, { "slug": "database-architects", "title": "Database Architects", "soc": "15-1243", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$139,500", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 67140, "blsSoc": "15-1243" }, "employment": "Data architecture role elevated by AI data demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI's appetite for clean, well-structured data makes database architecture more strategic, not less. Modeling tools and code generators accelerate schema drafting, while enterprise data design, integration strategy, and governance standards keep architects in demand.", "caveat": "Every AI initiative depends on data architecture underneath it. The role's routine layer — writing schemas and documentation — automates, but deciding how an organization's data should be structured for AI-era use is senior judgment work.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design databases and data models", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 74, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document architectures and schemas", "exposure": 72, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Develop integration strategies", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Evaluate technologies and industry trends", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Data modeling", "Integration design", "Data governance", "AI-ready data strategy" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI initiatives drive data architecture demand", "Design judgment is senior work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Data Platform Architect", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Design lakehouse architectures", "Own data product standards", "Enable AI/ML data pipelines" ] }, { "title": "Enterprise Data Architect", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Broaden to enterprise scope", "Set governance frameworks", "Lead data strategy programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/database-architects/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/database-architects.json" } }, { "slug": "aerospace-engineers", "title": "Aerospace Engineers", "soc": "17-2011", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$134,960", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 67710, "blsSoc": "17-2011" }, "employment": "Defense and space sector role with clearance-driven stability", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Simulation, design iteration, and technical documentation are increasingly AI-accelerated. Prototype testing, certification analysis, safety-critical design judgment, and clearance-protected program work keep aerospace engineering augmentation-led.", "caveat": "Defense and space programs add security constraints that slow cloud and AI tool adoption, further buffering the role. The exposed slice is routine analysis; certification accountability for flight systems is immovable.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Formulate design models and analyses", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Plan and conduct prototype tests", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Write technical reports and documentation", "exposure": 66, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate designs against standards", "exposure": 44, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Aerospace systems design", "Test engineering", "Certification analysis", "AI-assisted simulation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Space sector growth supports demand", "Clearance requirements buffer adoption" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Systems Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn systems engineering frameworks", "Own requirements traceability", "Lead cross-discipline integration" ] }, { "title": "Propulsion Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deepen propulsion analysis", "Build test stand experience", "Study advanced propulsion concepts" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/aerospace-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/aerospace-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "biomedical-engineers", "title": "Bioengineers and Biomedical Engineers", "soc": "17-2031", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$109,370", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 23480, "blsSoc": "17-2031" }, "employment": "Medical device and biotech role with strong growth", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI accelerates modeling, simulation, and research documentation across medical device work. Regulatory submissions, clinical collaboration, bench testing, and design controls for devices that go inside human bodies keep the role rigorously human-accountable.", "caveat": "FDA design controls and biocompatibility requirements make documentation and validation human-supervised by regulation, not preference. AI speeds research iteration while raising the premium on regulatory fluency.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design medical devices and instrumentation", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 70, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Develop models and simulations", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare regulatory and technical documents", "exposure": 68, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate equipment safety and effectiveness", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Medical device design", "Regulatory documentation", "Biological systems modeling", "Cross-disciplinary research" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Biotech investment supports demand", "Regulation anchors human accountability" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Move into hospital technology management", "Learn clinical workflows", "Manage device safety programs" ] }, { "title": "Regulatory Affairs Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Study FDA submission pathways", "Own design control documentation", "Liaise with regulators" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/biomedical-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/biomedical-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "chemical-engineers", "title": "Chemical Engineers", "soc": "17-2041", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$125,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 21070, "blsSoc": "17-2041" }, "employment": "Process engineering role across energy, pharma, and manufacturing", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Process modeling, data analysis, and cost reporting are increasingly AI-assisted. Pilot plant judgment, safety procedure design, plant troubleshooting, and scale-up decisions for physical chemical processes keep the role augmentation-led.", "caveat": "Process industries are conservative about automation for safety reasons, and the engineer's hardest problems — why a plant is underperforming, how to scale a lab process — resist generic modeling. Safety accountability anchors the role.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor and analyze process data", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Design equipment layouts and processes", "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Troubleshoot manufacturing problems", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop safety procedures", "exposure": 38, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Process design", "Plant troubleshooting", "Safety engineering", "AI-assisted simulation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Energy transition creates new demand", "Plant accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Process Safety Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Study hazard analysis methods", "Lead PHA reviews", "Own safety instrumented systems" ] }, { "title": "Battery and Energy Storage Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn electrochemistry fundamentals", "Join gigafactory projects", "Study scale-up for energy materials" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/chemical-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/chemical-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "environmental-engineers", "title": "Environmental Engineers", "soc": "17-2081", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$107,110", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 38340, "blsSoc": "17-2081" }, "employment": "Remediation and compliance engineering with regulatory demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Environmental data analysis, report drafting, and modeling are increasingly AI-assisted. Site assessment, remediation design, regulatory negotiation, and accountability for cleanup outcomes keep environmental engineering grounded in fieldwork and judgment.", "caveat": "Permitting and compliance documentation automates readily, but contaminated sites are physical, litigious, and locally specific. Engineers who can stand behind remediation decisions before regulators keep durable demand.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design remediation systems and processes", "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Assess environmental impact of projects", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare investigation reports", "exposure": 68, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Advise agencies and companies on cleanup", "exposure": 32, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Remediation design", "Regulatory knowledge", "Site assessment", "Environmental modeling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Climate and remediation investment grows", "Fieldwork and accountability persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Environmental Compliance Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own site compliance programs", "Manage agency relationships", "Audit environmental data quality" ] }, { "title": "Sustainability Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn lifecycle assessment", "Build carbon accounting skills", "Lead decarbonization projects" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/environmental-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/environmental-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "robotics-technicians", "title": "Robotics Technicians", "soc": "17-3024", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$73,900", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 15520, "blsSoc": "17-3024" }, "employment": "Hands-on automation role growing with robot installations", "education": "Associate degree or technical certificate common", "summary": "Every robot installed in a factory needs someone to install, program, calibrate, and repair it — that is this job. Technicians build, maintain, and troubleshoot the automation displacing other roles, putting them on the winning side of the transition.", "caveat": "Unlike the engineers who design robotic systems, technicians make them work on the floor: wiring, programming controllers, reprogramming paths, and keeping cells running. Robot adoption directly increases demand for this role.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install and program robotic systems", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Troubleshoot and repair robots", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Test performance of assemblies", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document tests and service records", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Robot programming", "Electromechanical troubleshooting", "PLC controllers", "System calibration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Robot installations drive direct demand", "Hands-on skills resist remote automation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Robotics Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete engineering coursework", "Build a robot project portfolio", "Learn simulation tools" ] }, { "title": "Automation Lead Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own cell uptime metrics", "Train junior technicians", "Lead new line commissioning" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/robotics-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/robotics-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-scientists", "title": "Medical Scientists", "soc": "19-1042", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$103,410", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 172340, "blsSoc": "19-1042" }, "employment": "Biomedical research role with AI-accelerated discovery", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "AI literature synthesis, protein-structure prediction, and data analysis are transforming research speed. Experiment design, laboratory technique, grant strategy, and the judgment to trust a novel result keep medical research human-led.", "caveat": "AI compresses the reading and analysis layers of research dramatically. What it cannot do is design the right experiment, run it at the bench, or take responsibility for a claim — which is where scientists' value is concentrating.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan and direct research studies", "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare and analyze samples in the lab", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Write articles and grant applications", "exposure": 72, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 76, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate effects of drugs and compounds", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Experimental design", "Laboratory technique", "Scientific writing", "AI research tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI accelerates discovery workflows", "Bench work and grant judgment persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Computational Biologist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn bioinformatics pipelines", "Analyze genomic datasets", "Validate AI-predicted structures" ] }, { "title": "Clinical Research Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Manage trial operations", "Own protocol compliance", "Coordinate site teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "epidemiologists", "title": "Epidemiologists", "soc": "19-1041", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$87,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12090, "blsSoc": "19-1041" }, "employment": "Public health research role with post-pandemic visibility", "education": "Master's degree typical", "summary": "Surveillance data analysis, statistical modeling, and report writing are heavily AI-augmentable. Outbreak investigation, study design, field interviews, and communicating uncertainty to policymakers and the public keep epidemiology human-anchored.", "caveat": "Pandemic-era experience showed both the power and the limits of models: someone must investigate on the ground, design surveillance that captures reality, and defend conclusions under political pressure. Those tasks resist automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze disease surveillance data", "exposure": 64, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Plan and direct disease studies", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Investigate outbreaks in the field", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Communicate findings to officials and public", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Study design", "Statistical modeling", "Field investigation", "Public communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Surveillance AI is augmenting detection", "Fieldwork and trust are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Public Health Data Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Build surveillance pipelines", "Validate AI outbreak signals", "Visualize health trends" ] }, { "title": "State Epidemiologist Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden program leadership", "Manage outbreak response teams", "Brief public officials" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/epidemiologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/epidemiologists.json" } }, { "slug": "environmental-scientists", "title": "Environmental Scientists and Specialists", "soc": "19-2041", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$82,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 89250, "blsSoc": "19-2041" }, "employment": "Environmental analysis role with climate-driven demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Environmental data synthesis, monitoring analysis, and report drafting are strongly AI-augmentable. Field sampling, regulatory interpretation, site inspection, and scientific guidance to agencies and industry keep the role grounded.", "caveat": "Climate reporting and environmental monitoring generate enormous data flows that AI helps process — which raises demand for scientists who can collect valid field data and defend conclusions in regulatory proceedings.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Collect and analyze environmental data", "exposure": 60, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Conduct field sampling and inspections", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare technical reports and briefings", "exposure": 68, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Advise on standards and regulations", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Field methods", "Data analysis", "Regulatory interpretation", "Scientific communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Climate data volumes grow the field", "Fieldwork anchors the science" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Climate Policy Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Study climate policy frameworks", "Analyze emissions data", "Brief decision-makers" ] }, { "title": "Environmental Data Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Build monitoring data pipelines", "Model environmental scenarios", "Validate AI-generated analyses" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/environmental-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/environmental-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "composers", "title": "Music Directors and Composers", "soc": "27-2041", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$73,710", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12540, "blsSoc": "27-2041" }, "employment": "Composition and ensemble leadership role with freelance economics", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; no formal requirement", "summary": "Generative music tools now produce competent background scores and jingles on demand, pressuring commercial composition volume. Film scoring craft, ensemble direction, live arrangement, and an original musical voice remain the differentiators.", "caveat": "Unlike performers, composers face direct output competition: clients can generate usable underscore themselves. Custom scoring to picture, concert commissions, and direction of live ensembles retain value; library and stock music does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 70, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Write original compositions and scores", "exposure": 76, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Arrange and adapt music", "exposure": 72, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Direct rehearsals and performances", "exposure": 18, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Confer with producers on music needs", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Scoring to picture", "Orchestration", "Ensemble direction", "AI music tool direction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high market disruption", "Stock music is commoditizing", "Custom scoring and direction persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Music Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Build licensing expertise", "Curate music for productions", "Manage rights negotiations" ] }, { "title": "Audio Director for Games", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn interactive audio tools", "Design adaptive music systems", "Lead game audio teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/composers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/composers.json" } }, { "slug": "audio-video-technicians", "title": "Audio and Video Technicians", "soc": "27-4011", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$58,100", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 70230, "blsSoc": "27-4011" }, "employment": "Production support role spanning live events and broadcast", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or associate degree common", "summary": "AI tools automate editing passes, switching, and audio cleanup in post-production. Live event work — rigging, mixing in real time, troubleshooting on site — plus system design and client-facing production support keep technicians busy.", "caveat": "Post-production tasks automate faster than live production. Technicians anchored in live events, corporate AV, and venue systems face redesign of their editing workload rather than displacement of their physical craft.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate recording and transmission equipment", "exposure": 48, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Edit audio and video material", "exposure": 70, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Set up and position production equipment", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Diagnose and resolve system problems", "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Live production", "AV system design", "Editing software", "On-site troubleshooting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Post-production automates first", "Live event work stays physical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Broadcast Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn transmission systems", "Study IP video infrastructure", "Own facility uptime" ] }, { "title": "Live Events Technical Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run show calling", "Design event AV systems", "Lead production crews" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/audio-video-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/audio-video-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "camera-operators", "title": "Camera Operators, Television, Video, and Film", "soc": "27-4031", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$74,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 21550, "blsSoc": "27-4031" }, "employment": "Production craft role across broadcast, film, and content studios", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI video generation creates footage from text, and automated production systems handle multi-camera studio switching. On-location framing, live sports and news coverage, complex camera movement, and director collaboration in unpredictable environments keep operators shooting.", "caveat": "Studio automation and AI-generated b-roll compress routine coverage first. Operators who own live events, documentary fieldwork, and technically demanding shots keep working because the footage must still be captured in the real world.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compose and frame shots", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Operate cameras for broadcasts and films", "exposure": 40, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Edit video for productions", "exposure": 68, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Confer with directors on filming sequences", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Visual composition", "Live production", "Camera movement craft", "AI video tool fluency" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Studio automation reduces crew sizes", "Live and field capture stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Photography", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build a lighting portfolio", "Lead camera departments", "Own visual style on productions" ] }, { "title": "Video Content Producer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own end-to-end shoots", "Direct AI-assisted b-roll", "Measure content performance" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/camera-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/camera-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "industrial-designers", "title": "Commercial and Industrial Designers", "soc": "27-1021", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$83,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 33490, "blsSoc": "27-1021" }, "employment": "Product design role bridging aesthetics and manufacturing", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Generative tools produce product concept sketches and renderings in seconds, compressing the ideation layer. Feasibility judgment, manufacturing constraints, safety evaluation, and engineering collaboration keep industrial designers accountable for what actually ships.", "caveat": "Concept exploration is cheap now; knowing which concept can be manufactured safely at cost is not. Designers anchored in production knowledge, materials, and cross-functional development keep their advantage over prompt-generated concepts.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare sketches and design drawings", "exposure": 78, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 70, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Evaluate design feasibility and costs", "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Confer with engineering and marketing teams", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Fabricate models and prototypes", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Design for manufacturing", "CAD and rendering direction", "Prototyping", "Cost and safety judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Concept generation is commoditizing", "Manufacturability judgment is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Product Design Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own design language systems", "Direct AI concept exploration", "Lead cross-functional reviews" ] }, { "title": "Design Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deepen engineering analysis", "Learn tolerance and materials methods", "Own design validation" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/industrial-designers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/industrial-designers.json" } }, { "slug": "pr-managers", "title": "Public Relations Managers", "soc": "11-2032", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$146,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 74850, "blsSoc": "11-2032" }, "employment": "Communications leadership role across agencies and corporations", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI drafts press releases, executive speeches, and media kits instantly, compressing the production layer of PR teams. Crisis communication strategy, media relationships, executive counsel, and reputation accountability keep PR leadership human-led.", "caveat": "The manager's draft output is no longer scarce, which shifts the role's value to judgment: when to respond, what not to say, which journalist to call. Teams get smaller; accountable communicators get more valuable.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct communication strategies and programs", "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Draft speeches and press materials", "exposure": 80, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Maintain media and government relationships", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Manage crisis communication plans", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Reputation strategy", "Media relationships", "Crisis leadership", "AI content direction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "PR production is automating", "Counsel and crisis judgment are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Communications Officer Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Broaden to corporate strategy", "Own executive positioning", "Lead reputation risk programs" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Affairs Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Integrate policy and public affairs", "Measure sentiment and coverage quality", "Set AI communication standards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/pr-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/pr-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "court-clerks", "title": "Court, Municipal, and License Clerks", "soc": "43-4031", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$48,700", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 179750, "blsSoc": "43-4031" }, "employment": "Government records role with e-filing consolidation", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Filing court documents, recording minutes, and verifying application completeness are structured records workflows that e-filing and document automation absorb steadily. Procedural knowledge, records accountability, and public counter service remain for now.", "caveat": "Court digitization reduces clerk headcount where e-filing is mature, but proceedings, records custody, and in-person public service still require staff. The trajectory is consolidation, and records governance is the safest specialization.", "scores": { "exposure": 78, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 72, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "File and maintain court documents", "exposure": 82, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 24, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Record and edit meeting minutes", "exposure": 74, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 40, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Verify application completeness", "exposure": 68, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Assist public at the counter", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Court procedures", "Records management", "Document verification", "Public service" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "E-filing consolidates records work", "Procedural expertise transfers to paralegal paths" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Court Operations Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own e-filing quality review", "Manage records retention schedules", "Track case-processing metrics" ] }, { "title": "Paralegal", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete a paralegal certificate", "Learn legal research basics", "Apply court procedure knowledge" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/court-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/court-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "eligibility-interviewers", "title": "Eligibility Interviewers, Government Programs", "soc": "43-4061", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$54,210", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 154800, "blsSoc": "43-4061" }, "employment": "Public benefits determination role with rules-engine pressure", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Determining benefit eligibility is a rules-based workflow that government modernization projects increasingly automate end-to-end. Complex case investigation, applicant interviews with unclear documentation, and fraud flags keep human reviewers in the loop.", "caveat": "Automated eligibility engines process clean applications already, which shifts remaining work toward messy cases. Interviewers who specialize in investigation, appeals, and fraud review keep roles longer than those processing routine applications.", "scores": { "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 32, "displacementPressure": 72, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compile and evaluate applicant data", "exposure": 82, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Compute and authorize assistance amounts", "exposure": 78, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 24, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Interview and investigate applicants", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Explain eligibility rules and rights", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Program rules knowledge", "Case investigation", "Interview technique", "Automated decision review" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Rules engines process clean cases", "Complex case review stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Benefits Fraud Investigator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn investigation methods", "Analyze anomaly patterns", "Document fraud cases" ] }, { "title": "Social Services Case Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage ongoing client cases", "Coordinate service referrals", "Track outcome documentation" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/eligibility-interviewers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/eligibility-interviewers.json" } }, { "slug": "credit-authorizers", "title": "Credit Authorizers, Checkers, and Clerks", "soc": "43-4041", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$50,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12030, "blsSoc": "43-4041" }, "employment": "Credit processing role largely automated by decisioning systems", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Evaluating credit records against predetermined standards is precisely what automated underwriting does at scale. This occupation is one of the clearest historical examples of software absorbing a rules-based decision role, and its decline continues.", "caveat": "Credit decisioning is among the most automated workflows in finance. The remaining human work concentrates in manual review queues, disputed decisions, and fraud verification — roles that require moving up, not waiting.", "scores": { "exposure": 86, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 80, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "very_high", "riskLabel": "Very High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Evaluate credit records for approval", "exposure": 90, "automation": 78, "augmentation": 14, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Compile and analyze credit information", "exposure": 84, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 22, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Verify applicant references and records", "exposure": 72, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 34, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Resolve customer credit complaints", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Credit analysis basics", "Fraud verification", "Decision documentation", "Compliance awareness" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Automated decisioning is standard", "Manual review queues shrink steadily" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Credit Risk Reviewer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Audit automated decisions", "Document override rationale", "Track model error patterns" ] }, { "title": "Credit Analyst", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 152, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn financial statement analysis", "Study commercial credit basics", "Build analytical portfolio" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/credit-authorizers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/credit-authorizers.json" } }, { "slug": "brokerage-clerks", "title": "Brokerage Clerks", "soc": "43-4011", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$65,750", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 35940, "blsSoc": "43-4011" }, "employment": "Securities back-office role in long structural decline", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Documenting trades, computing dividends and fees, and coordinating certificate transfers are the core of a back-office workflow that straight-through processing automated decades ago and AI is now finishing. Account problem resolution is the remaining human task.", "caveat": "This is a documented decline archetype: employment has fallen for decades as trade processing digitized. The realistic reading is not adaptation within the role but transition toward account service, operations analysis, or compliance.", "scores": { "exposure": 84, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 76, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Document security transactions", "exposure": 88, "automation": 74, "augmentation": 16, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Compute dividends, fees, and commissions", "exposure": 82, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 20, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Verify ownership and transaction information", "exposure": 74, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 34, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Resolve account problems with customers", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Securities operations", "Reconciliation accuracy", "Regulatory documentation", "Client service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Straight-through processing is the standard", "Operations analysis offers the bridge" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Securities Operations Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own exception queues", "Analyze settlement failures", "Document process improvements" ] }, { "title": "Registered Client Service Associate", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Earn securities registrations", "Practice client account service", "Learn advisory platform tools" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/brokerage-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/brokerage-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "word-processors-typists", "title": "Word Processors and Typists", "soc": "43-9022", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$49,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 35010, "blsSoc": "43-9022" }, "employment": "Text production role in steep structural decline", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Producing formatted documents from drafts and dictation was already contracting before generative AI; tools that draft, format, and transcribe in one step remove most remaining demand. This is one of the clearest full-substitution cases in the clerical family.", "caveat": "The honest framing: this occupation has been shrinking for decades and generative AI accelerates the end of its core task. The practical response is converting document precision into legal, medical, or editorial support work rather than waiting.", "scores": { "exposure": 90, "automation": 78, "augmentation": 18, "displacementPressure": 84, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 69 }, "riskBand": "very_high", "riskLabel": "Very High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Type and format documents", "exposure": 92, "automation": 82, "augmentation": 10, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Proofread completed documents", "exposure": 84, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 26, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Transcribe dictated material", "exposure": 90, "automation": 80, "augmentation": 12, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Maintain document files and records", "exposure": 70, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 32, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Document formatting", "Transcription accuracy", "Editorial precision", "Office software mastery" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Occupation in terminal decline", "Precision transfers to specialized support roles" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Legal or Medical Administrative Assistant", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn specialized terminology", "Apply formatting skills to case files or records", "Practice intake coordination" ] }, { "title": "Document Quality Reviewer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Audit AI-generated documents", "Build style and accuracy checklists", "Measure correction rates" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/word-processors-typists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/word-processors-typists.json" } }, { "slug": "switchboard-operators", "title": "Switchboard Operators, Including Answering Service", "soc": "43-2011", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$38,630", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 34280, "blsSoc": "43-2011" }, "employment": "Call routing role in terminal structural decline", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Answering and routing calls was one of the first office jobs automation eliminated, and AI phone agents now handle the answering-service remainder with natural conversation. Emergency alarm monitoring and visitor management are the thin human layer left.", "caveat": "This is the canonical automation-displacement occupation: switchboard employment collapsed once already and AI voice is compressing what remains. The practical move is toward dispatch, front-office coordination, or emergency communications, where routing judgment has higher stakes.", "scores": { "exposure": 88, "automation": 74, "augmentation": 20, "displacementPressure": 82, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 69 }, "riskBand": "very_high", "riskLabel": "Very High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Answer and transfer incoming calls", "exposure": 90, "automation": 78, "augmentation": 12, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Record and relay messages", "exposure": 86, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 16, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Monitor emergency and code alarms", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Greet and log facility visitors", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Call handling speed", "Message accuracy", "Alarm monitoring", "Visitor management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "AI voice agents absorb remaining volume", "Emergency communications offers adjacent demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Emergency Dispatcher Trainee", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Apply call-handling speed to 911 work", "Complete dispatch certification", "Practice multi-agency protocols" ] }, { "title": "Office Reception and Coordination", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Broaden into front-office duties", "Own visitor and vendor workflows", "Learn scheduling systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/switchboard-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/switchboard-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "production-planning-clerks", "title": "Production, Planning, and Expediting Clerks", "soc": "43-5061", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$59,650", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 390160, "blsSoc": "43-5061" }, "employment": "Manufacturing coordination role with scheduling software pressure", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Distributing schedules, compiling production reports, and tracking materials are workflows that manufacturing execution systems automate. Expediting shortages, revising schedules around disruptions, and coordinating across departments keep human expediters valuable.", "caveat": "The reporting layer of this role is automating fast; the firefighting layer is not. Clerks who own exception management and cross-department coordination transition well into planning analyst roles as factories digitize.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Distribute schedules and work orders", "exposure": 78, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 28, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Revise schedules for disruptions", "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Compile production status reports", "exposure": 76, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 42, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Coordinate with vendors and departments", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Scheduling systems", "Expediting judgment", "Materials coordination", "Production data literacy" ], "marketSignals": [ "High automation pressure on reporting", "Exception coordination stays human", "MES fluency opens analyst paths" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Production Planner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own master scheduling", "Analyze capacity constraints", "Configure planning software" ] }, { "title": "Supply Chain Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn forecasting basics", "Build inventory dashboards", "Track supplier performance" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/production-planning-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/production-planning-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "retail-supervisors", "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Retail Sales Workers", "soc": "41-1011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$48,520", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1121800, "blsSoc": "41-1011" }, "employment": "Very large store leadership role atop a shrinking frontline", "education": "High school diploma plus retail experience", "summary": "Scheduling software, inventory analytics, and AI loss-prevention cameras automate much of the supervisor's information work. Coaching staff, resolving escalations, enforcing standards, and running a physical store keep first-line leadership human.", "caveat": "The frontline workforce beneath these supervisors is itself shrinking from self-checkout and ecommerce, which compresses supervisor counts indirectly. Supervisors who own operations metrics and people development remain the last roles cut.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct and supervise sales staff", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Plan schedules and assign duties", "exposure": 64, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Monitor sales and inventory records", "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Resolve customer complaints", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Staff coaching", "Store operations", "Retail analytics", "Escalation handling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Shrinking frontlines compress supervisor counts", "People leadership stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Assistant Store Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 82, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own full-shift operations", "Analyze store P&L drivers", "Lead hiring and training" ] }, { "title": "Retail District Manager Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Build multi-store experience", "Master labor and shrink metrics", "Lead store turnarounds" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/retail-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/retail-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "services-sales-representatives", "title": "Sales Representatives of Services", "soc": "41-3091", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$69,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1256010, "blsSoc": "41-3091" }, "employment": "Broad B2B services sales role with AI prospecting overlay", "education": "High school diploma to bachelor's degree varies", "summary": "AI prospecting, proposal drafting, and CRM automation compress the volume work of services sales. Consultative discovery, negotiation, ongoing client support, and trust in complex service purchases keep relationship sellers valuable.", "caveat": "Services are harder to buy from a bot than products: the pitch is custom and the risk is relational. Reps who rely on scripted volume outreach face pressure; those who own discovery and account growth do not.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Contact and develop prospective customers", "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Develop proposals and presentations", "exposure": 74, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Negotiate terms and agreements", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Support clients after the sale", "exposure": 32, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Consultative discovery", "Proposal strategy", "Negotiation", "Account management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Outreach automation is standard", "Discovery and negotiation stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Account Executive", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own full-cycle deals", "Build executive relationships", "Track expansion revenue" ] }, { "title": "Customer Success Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Manage renewal portfolios", "Monitor account health metrics", "Drive adoption programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/services-sales-representatives/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/services-sales-representatives.json" } }, { "slug": "real-estate-brokers", "title": "Real Estate Brokers", "soc": "41-9021", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$73,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 46100, "blsSoc": "41-9021" }, "employment": "Licensed brokerage leadership role with commission model pressure", "education": "Real estate license plus broker licensure; experience as agent required", "summary": "AI listing tools, valuation models, and virtual tours compress the information work agents and brokers once monopolized. Transaction negotiation, legal compliance accountability, agent supervision, and office management keep licensed brokers in the deal.", "caveat": "Unlike agents, brokers carry supervisory and legal responsibility for every transaction in the office. Commission compression pressures the business model, but the licensed oversight function and complex negotiation remain human by law and by trust.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Negotiate property sales between parties", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Generate listings and market analyses", "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Supervise agents and office operations", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Monitor contract and legal compliance", "exposure": 38, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Transaction negotiation", "Brokerage compliance", "Agent coaching", "Local market expertise" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Commission models face tech pressure", "Licensed supervision is legally required" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Brokerage Owner and Managing Broker", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build a productive agent roster", "Own compliance systems", "Develop niche market specialization" ] }, { "title": "Real Estate Operations Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run transaction coordination", "Manage brokerage technology", "Track agent productivity metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/real-estate-brokers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/real-estate-brokers.json" } }, { "slug": "food-service-managers", "title": "Food Service Managers", "soc": "11-9051", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$69,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 238430, "blsSoc": "11-9051" }, "employment": "Restaurant leadership role with persistent turnover-driven openings", "education": "High school diploma plus experience; degree increasingly common", "summary": "Scheduling, inventory forecasting, and sales analytics are increasingly automated by restaurant platforms. Running a live service, coaching staff through a rush, enforcing food safety, and owning unit profitability keep managers on the floor.", "caveat": "Technology shrinks the manager's administrative hours, not the need for floor leadership. Chains adopting automation still staff managers — the accountability for health inspections, staffing crises, and guest recovery cannot be delegated to software.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Schedule staff and assign duties", "exposure": 60, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve complaints and service problems", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Monitor food quality and safety compliance", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Manage budgets and inventory", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Floor leadership", "Food safety", "Unit P&L management", "Restaurant technology" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Admin automation reduces workload", "High turnover sustains openings" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Multi-Unit District Manager", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Master unit economics", "Lead manager development", "Drive multi-store metrics" ] }, { "title": "Catering and Events Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own event P&L", "Build corporate client relationships", "Coordinate large-event logistics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/food-service-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/food-service-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "barbers", "title": "Barbers", "soc": "39-5011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$38,210", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 15000, "blsSoc": "39-5011" }, "employment": "Licensed personal-service trade with community-anchored demand", "education": "Postsecondary certificate plus state license", "summary": "Cutting hair and shaving beards with clippers and razors is licensed handwork on a person in a chair — among the least automatable services that exist. Booking apps and style-inspiration tools change how clients arrive, never the cut itself.", "caveat": "The barbershop is a trust-and-community business as much as a service business. AI affects marketing and scheduling logistics; the licensed physical craft and the client relationship are untouched.", "scores": { "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Cut and trim hair and beards", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Consult patrons on desired styles", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Sanitize instruments and stations", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 20, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Manage bookings and payments", "exposure": 48, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 46, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Clipper and razor craft", "Client consultation", "Sanitation compliance", "Book management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Licensed handwork resists automation", "Booking tools augment client flow" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Barbershop Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Build a loyal chair book", "Learn small-business finance", "Hire and train barbers" ] }, { "title": "Barber Instructor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn instructor licensure", "Develop technique demonstrations", "Coach apprentice barbers" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/barbers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/barbers.json" } }, { "slug": "morticians", "title": "Morticians, Undertakers, and Funeral Arrangers", "soc": "39-4031", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$55,010", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 25100, "blsSoc": "39-4031" }, "employment": "Licensed funeral service role with stable demographic demand", "education": "Associate degree plus state license and apprenticeship", "summary": "Arranging funerals, preparing remains, and guiding grieving families through decisions is licensed, emotionally delicate work. AI helps with paperwork, obituary drafts, and scheduling; the care of the deceased and comfort of families stays human.", "caveat": "Deathcare is one of the most trust-dependent services in the economy, and its physical duties — removal, embalming, ceremony coordination — have no software analogue. Demographics guarantee steady demand.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and care for remains", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Consult families on funeral arrangements", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Coordinate services and logistics", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Complete legal documents and permits", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Funeral direction", "Family counseling", "Legal documentation", "Embalming practice" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Demographics support demand", "Administrative tools reduce paperwork" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Funeral Home Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own location operations", "Manage pre-need sales programs", "Supervise licensed staff" ] }, { "title": "Grief Counselor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 52, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Study grief counseling methods", "Complete counseling certification", "Build bereavement program experience" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/morticians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/morticians.json" } }, { "slug": "construction-inspectors", "title": "Construction and Building Inspectors", "soc": "47-4011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$74,690", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 146720, "blsSoc": "47-4011" }, "employment": "Code enforcement role with municipal and private demand", "education": "Construction experience plus certification; degree increasingly preferred", "summary": "Drone imagery and AI plan review can flag potential code issues from drawings, but inspectors walk sites, measure structures, and exercise legal authority to stop work. Physical verification and code judgment under liability keep the role human.", "caveat": "Digital plan review accelerates the paperwork side, yet every code official knows drawings and built reality diverge. The inspector's signature carries legal weight, and site presence is required for exactly that reason.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect structures for code compliance", "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Review plans and blueprints", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Measure and verify structural dimensions", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document inspections and violations", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Building codes", "Construction knowledge", "Inspection documentation", "Enforcement judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Plan review tools assist paperwork", "Site authority is legally anchored" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Building Official", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn advanced certifications", "Supervise inspection teams", "Manage permit operations" ] }, { "title": "Energy Auditor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn energy modeling tools", "Perform blower-door testing", "Write retrofit recommendations" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/construction-inspectors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/construction-inspectors.json" } }, { "slug": "diesel-mechanics", "title": "Bus and Truck Mechanics and Diesel Engine Specialists", "soc": "49-3031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$61,770", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 289960, "blsSoc": "49-3031" }, "employment": "Fleet maintenance trade with technician shortages", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "Fleet telematics and predictive maintenance flag diesel problems before breakdowns, changing when trucks come into the bay — not who repairs them. Overhauling engines, aligning wheels, and troubleshooting heavy equipment remain hands-on work.", "caveat": "Sensor data makes mechanics more efficient, and the diesel technician shortage is among the most cited in the trades. EV truck adoption adds skill requirements faster than it removes repair work.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose malfunctions with test instruments", "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Overhaul engines and transmissions", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect brakes and safety systems", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Perform routine fleet maintenance", "exposure": 24, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Diesel diagnostics", "Heavy equipment repair", "Telematics interpretation", "Safety inspection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Severe technician shortage", "Telematics augment diagnostics" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fleet Maintenance Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own preventive maintenance programs", "Analyze fleet health data", "Manage shop schedules" ] }, { "title": "EV Fleet Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn high-voltage certifications", "Study electric drivetrain systems", "Practice battery diagnostics" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/diesel-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/diesel-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "power-line-installers", "title": "Electrical Power-Line Installers and Repairers", "soc": "49-9051", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$95,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 131070, "blsSoc": "49-9051" }, "employment": "Utility trade with grid modernization and storm-response demand", "education": "High school diploma plus apprenticeship", "summary": "Climbing poles and stringing conductors on live infrastructure is hazardous physical work no robot performs. Smart-grid sensors help utilities locate faults faster, which directs line crews to problems — the repair itself still requires a bucket truck and a crew.", "caveat": "Grid investment and electrification are expanding this trade's workload dramatically. Self-healing grid technology reroutes power around faults, but every repair still needs human hands on the hardware.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 32, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install and repair power lines", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Climb poles and access equipment", "exposure": 8, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 12, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test lines to locate problems", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Follow electrical safety procedures", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "High-voltage safety", "Line construction", "Fault diagnosis", "Storm response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Grid modernization drives demand", "Smart-grid data directs crews" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Line Crew Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Lead crew safety briefings", "Coordinate outage response", "Track work completion quality" ] }, { "title": "Substation Electrician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn substation systems", "Study protection and controls", "Complete specialized apprenticeships" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/power-line-installers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/power-line-installers.json" } }, { "slug": "tool-and-die-makers", "title": "Tool and Die Makers", "soc": "51-4111", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$64,050", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 56930, "blsSoc": "51-4111" }, "employment": "Precision tooling craft with an aging, shrinking workforce", "education": "Apprenticeship or extensive technical training", "summary": "CAD/CAM software and CNC machining have already automated much of routine tool production, which is why this trade shrank. What remains is high-skill work: complex dies, precision fitting, and repair judgment that shops struggle to hire for.", "caveat": "The occupation's decline is long and real, but it has left a scarcity: the average tool and die maker is near retirement, and shops cannot replace their expertise. Precision craft plus CAD fluency is a rare, well-paid combination.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Machine parts to precise specifications", "exposure": 34, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Fit and assemble dies and tools", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Study blueprints and plan operations", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Verify dimensions with precision instruments", "exposure": 42, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Precision machining", "Die fitting and repair", "CAD/CAM fluency", "Tolerance judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure despite decline", "Workforce scarcity creates leverage", "Craft plus digital skills command premiums" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Mold Designer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master mold design software", "Study injection molding processes", "Build a design portfolio" ] }, { "title": "Manufacturing Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete engineering coursework", "Learn process planning", "Apply shop experience to process design" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tool-and-die-makers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tool-and-die-makers.json" } }, { "slug": "bakers", "title": "Bakers", "soc": "51-3011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$37,160", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 236200, "blsSoc": "51-3011" }, "employment": "Food production role split between industrial lines and artisan shops", "education": "No formal credential; culinary training valued", "summary": "Industrial bakeries automate mixing, portioning, and baking at scale, but artisan and retail baking depends on sensory judgment, hand shaping, and decorating that machines handle poorly. Recipe development and quality judgment remain human craft.", "caveat": "The split matters: production-line baking is largely automated already, while grocery-store and artisan bakeries keep hiring bakers for freshness differentiation. The resilient path is skill and specialization, not volume.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 24, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Mix and prepare doughs and batters", "exposure": 30, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Bake products and monitor ovens", "exposure": 26, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Decorate cakes and pastries", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Develop new recipes", "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Dough and baking science", "Decorating craft", "Quality judgment", "Recipe development" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Industrial lines already automated", "Artisan demand favors skilled bakers" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Head Baker", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own production schedules", "Develop seasonal menus", "Train bakery staff" ] }, { "title": "Pastry Chef", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "6-18", "actions": [ "Study advanced pastry techniques", "Build a plated-dessert portfolio", "Stage in restaurant kitchens" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/bakers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/bakers.json" } }, { "slug": "power-plant-operators", "title": "Power Plant Operators", "soc": "51-8013", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$102,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 29320, "blsSoc": "51-8013" }, "employment": "Control-room operations role with licensing-style accountability", "education": "High school diploma plus extensive on-the-job training and licensing", "summary": "Control rooms are already highly automated, which is why this occupation has contracted — but operators remain legally accountable for safe power generation. Abnormal-condition response, equipment monitoring judgment, and regulatory compliance keep humans at the boards.", "caveat": "Automation shrank operator counts per plant over decades, and the trend continues with renewables. What does not automate is responsibility for grid-critical equipment: regulators require qualified humans in charge, and abnormal events still demand human response.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Control generating equipment output", "exposure": 42, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 38, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor equipment for operating problems", "exposure": 48, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Take regulatory action on readings", "exposure": 36, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Start and stop plant equipment", "exposure": 30, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Control room operations", "Abnormal response", "Regulatory compliance", "Systems monitoring" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Plant automation reduces headcount per unit", "Accountability requirements persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Grid Control Center Operator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn transmission system operations", "Study grid reliability standards", "Practice contingency response" ] }, { "title": "Renewable Energy Plant Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Transfer to solar or wind operations", "Learn inverter and storage systems", "Manage hybrid plant crews" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/power-plant-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/power-plant-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "school-psychologists", "title": "School Psychologists", "soc": "19-3034", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$95,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 63940, "blsSoc": "19-3034" }, "employment": "Licensed school-based assessment role with acute shortages", "education": "Specialist or doctoral degree plus state certification", "summary": "Scoring tests and drafting reports are heavily AI-assistable, but administering assessments, observing children, designing IEP evaluations, and advising on crisis situations are licensed clinical-educational work with legal accountability.", "caveat": "Districts cannot hire enough school psychologists to meet evaluation timelines, so AI's role is documentation relief, not substitution. Assessment administration and diagnostic interpretation carry professional liability that stays human.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer and score psychological tests", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Assess student needs and eligibility", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Counsel children and families", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare reports and maintain records", "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Psychoeducational assessment", "IEP evaluation", "Crisis consultation", "Report interpretation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Severe national shortage", "Documentation relief is the AI benefit" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "District Special Education Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn administrative licensure requirements", "Lead evaluation teams", "Own compliance timelines" ] }, { "title": "Clinical Psychologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete clinical licensure hours", "Broaden assessment populations", "Build therapeutic caseloads" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/school-psychologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/school-psychologists.json" } }, { "slug": "school-principals", "title": "Education Administrators, Kindergarten through Secondary", "soc": "11-9032", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$105,870", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 328330, "blsSoc": "11-9032" }, "employment": "School leadership role with rising accountability demands", "education": "Master's degree plus administrative licensure", "summary": "Scheduling, report generation, and performance dashboards automate much of a principal's information work. Instructional leadership, teacher evaluation, discipline judgment, parent trust, and accountability for a school's outcomes keep the role deeply human.", "caveat": "AI gives principals better data faster, which raises expectations rather than headcount pressure. The job's core — observing teaching, handling crises, building school culture, and answering to the community — has no software substitute.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Evaluate teaching and curricula", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct staff and school operations", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare reports and manage budgets", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Confer with parents and community", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Instructional leadership", "Personnel evaluation", "School operations", "Community relations" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Data tools raise leadership expectations", "Community accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "District Administrator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 138, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn superintendent certification", "Lead district initiatives", "Manage multi-school programs" ] }, { "title": "Principal Supervisor and Coach", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Coach principal teams", "Standardize instructional review", "Lead improvement planning" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/school-principals/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/school-principals.json" } }, { "slug": "library-technicians", "title": "Library Technicians", "soc": "25-4031", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$44,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 68690, "blsSoc": "25-4031" }, "employment": "Library support role with circulation automation pressure", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or associate degree common", "summary": "Circulation, cataloging support, and routine reference inquiries are increasingly handled by self-checkout and AI search. Helping patrons with technology, running children's programs, and maintaining equipment keep library technicians useful.", "caveat": "Self-service absorbs the transactional layer first, which shifts technician work toward patron assistance and programming. Technicians who develop technology-help and community-program skills transition more smoothly than circulation-only staff.", "scores": { "exposure": 68, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 58, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Circulate and process library materials", "exposure": 74, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 26, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Help patrons use resources and technology", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Catalog and sort materials", "exposure": 70, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 38, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Conduct programs and outreach", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Patron technology assistance", "Library systems", "Program delivery", "Collection maintenance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high automation pressure", "Self-checkout absorbs transactions", "Programming and tech help persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Librarian", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 158, "trainingMonths": "18-30", "actions": [ "Complete an MLS program", "Build reference and instruction skills", "Lead library programs" ] }, { "title": "Digital Services Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Support digital collections", "Troubleshoot patron technology", "Maintain library systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/library-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/library-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "esl-instructors", "title": "Adult Basic Education and ESL Instructors", "soc": "25-3011", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$61,540", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 37310, "blsSoc": "25-3011" }, "employment": "Adult education role serving immigrant and workforce populations", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI language apps offer free, unlimited conversation practice, competing directly with basic language drills. Classroom facilitation, literacy instruction for low-skill adults, cultural bridge-building, and workforce preparation keep human instructors necessary.", "caveat": "Apps handle vocabulary and grammar practice well, which changes what class time is for. Adult learners with limited literacy, digital skills, or confidence need a teacher's presence and adaptation that self-paced apps cannot provide.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Instruct students in language and life skills", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Adapt materials to student needs", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Assess and track student progress", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Guide students on education and work goals", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Language instruction", "Adult learning methods", "Cultural bridging", "AI tool integration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Apps absorb drill practice", "Facilitated instruction persists for vulnerable learners" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Adult Education Program Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage program enrollment", "Measure learner outcomes", "Coordinate community partnerships" ] }, { "title": "Workforce Development Specialist", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Design job-readiness programs", "Partner with employers", "Track placement outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/esl-instructors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/esl-instructors.json" } }, { "slug": "cte-teachers", "title": "Career and Technical Education Teachers, Secondary", "soc": "25-2032", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$66,270", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 111420, "blsSoc": "25-2032" }, "employment": "Vocational teaching role with skilled-trades instructor shortages", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus industry experience and licensure", "summary": "As AI pushes students toward hands-on careers, the teachers who instruct welding, healthcare, culinary, and IT pathways become more strategic, not less. Shop and lab instruction, safety supervision, and industry placement are irreducibly physical and relational.", "caveat": "The AI era strengthens the case for CTE: schools need instructors with real trade experience, and they are hard to recruit. Classroom content automates at the margins; supervising a shop full of teenagers with power tools does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Instruct students in occupational skills", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Supervise shop and laboratory work", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare lessons and course materials", "exposure": 64, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Place students in jobs and work programs", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Trade expertise", "Shop safety supervision", "Industry partnerships", "Curriculum development" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Skilled-trades demand strengthens CTE", "Instructor recruitment is the constraint" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "CTE Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Design pathway programs", "Build employer advisory boards", "Measure credential outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Technical Trainer", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Teach trade skills to adult workers", "Develop certification curricula", "Measure training outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cte-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cte-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "probation-officers", "title": "Probation Officers and Correctional Treatment Specialists", "soc": "21-1092", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$66,270", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 89390, "blsSoc": "21-1092" }, "employment": "Community supervision casework role with steady demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Risk-assessment algorithms now score recidivism risk, sparking real debate about algorithmic justice. Field supervision, violation investigation, treatment referral, and court recommendations keep officers exercising judgment the algorithms only inform.", "caveat": "Risk scores inform but cannot decide: courts, legislatures, and communities demand human accountability for supervision decisions. The officer's work — home visits, relapse response, rehabilitation coaching — is fieldwork, not scoring.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Interview and evaluate offenders' progress", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Supervise community-based sentences", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Investigate violations and noncompliance", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain case files and reports", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Case management", "Risk judgment", "Field supervision", "Treatment coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Algorithmic risk tools face scrutiny", "Field casework stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Probation Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Review officer caseload decisions", "Set supervision standards", "Audit risk-tool usage" ] }, { "title": "Reentry Program Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Design reentry services", "Coordinate treatment providers", "Measure recidivism outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/probation-officers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/probation-officers.json" } }, { "slug": "mental-health-counselors", "title": "Mental Health Counselors", "soc": "21-1014", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$59,190", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Fast-growing clinical counseling role amid a mental health crisis", "education": "Master's degree plus supervised licensure hours", "summary": "AI chatbots now simulate therapeutic conversation, but crisis intervention, suicide risk assessment, treatment planning, and the licensed therapeutic relationship are clinical work with legal accountability. Demand vastly exceeds counselor supply.", "caveat": "Chatbot therapy raises safety questions precisely because counseling's effective ingredient is the relationship, not the script. Licensure, confidentiality law, and crisis liability keep this among the most human-anchored clinical roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Counsel clients individually and in groups", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Perform crisis interventions", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 28, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop and adjust treatment plans", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain treatment records", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Therapeutic technique", "Crisis assessment", "Treatment planning", "AI chatbot boundaries" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Fastest-growing counseling demand", "Licensure and liability anchor the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Supervise licensure candidates", "Review treatment plan quality", "Set AI tool clinical policies" ] }, { "title": "Substance Abuse Program Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deepen addiction treatment expertise", "Manage program operations", "Measure recovery outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mental-health-counselors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mental-health-counselors.json" } }, { "slug": "judges", "title": "Judges, Magistrate Judges, and Magistrates", "soc": "23-1023", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Legal", "medianWage": "$153,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 24030, "blsSoc": "23-1023" }, "employment": "Constitutional adjudication role at the center of the AI-in-courts debate", "education": "Law degree plus judicial appointment or election", "summary": "AI legal research and drafting tools assist chambers work, and risk algorithms spark sentencing debates — but adjudication is constitutionally human. Evidence rulings, jury instruction, sentencing discretion, and public legitimacy of judgments are unassignable to software.", "caveat": "The debate about AI in courts concerns evidence and administration, not replacement: no legal system delegates final judgment to a model, and the legitimacy of verdicts depends on accountable human authority. Judges gain research leverage, nothing more.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Preside over hearings and trials", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Research legal issues and write opinions", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Rule on evidence and procedure", "exposure": 20, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Sentence convicted defendants", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 34, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Legal interpretation", "Judicial discretion", "Opinion writing", "Courtroom management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "AI-in-courts debate targets evidence, not judges", "Constitutional authority is immovable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Appellate Judge", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "12-36", "actions": [ "Build a respected opinion record", "Deepen appellate doctrine", "Seek judicial nominations" ] }, { "title": "Arbitrator and Mediator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Develop alternative dispute resolution practice", "Join arbitration panels", "Mediate complex disputes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/judges/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/judges.json" } }, { "slug": "emergency-management-directors", "title": "Emergency Management Directors", "soc": "11-9161", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$93,330", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13500, "blsSoc": "11-9161" }, "employment": "Disaster preparedness leadership role with climate-driven demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus emergency response experience", "summary": "Predictive modeling, damage assessment tools, and AI situation reports accelerate emergency planning. Ordering evacuations, coordinating agencies under chaos, and standing accountable for community safety decisions keep directors human-commanded.", "caveat": "AI forecasting improves warning lead time, which raises — not lowers — the premium on officials who can convert forecasts into evacuations, shelters, and interagency action. Crisis command is the least delegable function in government.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare emergency response plans", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coordinate disaster response activities", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare situation and damage reports", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Train officials and the public", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Crisis command", "Interagency coordination", "Emergency planning", "Predictive tool interpretation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Climate disasters expand the field", "Forecast AI strengthens the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Public Safety", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Broaden to fire and police oversight", "Lead citywide resilience programs", "Manage public safety budgets" ] }, { "title": "FEMA or State Emergency Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build federal response experience", "Lead multi-jurisdiction exercises", "Manage recovery funding programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/emergency-management-directors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/emergency-management-directors.json" } }, { "slug": "dietitians-nutritionists", "title": "Dietitians and Nutritionists", "soc": "29-1031", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$76,400", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 77570, "blsSoc": "29-1031" }, "employment": "Credentialed nutrition role with clinical and wellness demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus supervised practice and licensure in most states", "summary": "AI meal-plan apps generate decent generic plans, pressuring the advice layer of nutrition work. Medical nutrition therapy, lab-result interpretation, eating-disorder care, and counseling around real eating behavior keep credentialed dietitians distinct.", "caveat": "Generic meal planning is commoditizing fast, but dietitians working with disease states, tube feeding, or behavior change operate where generic advice fails. The credential separates clinical nutrition from app-generated plans.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assess nutritional needs and health plans", "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop dietary-care plans", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Counsel patients on nutrition", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Record and evaluate health histories", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical nutrition", "Patient counseling", "Menu planning", "AI planning tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Meal-plan apps compete at the generic end", "Clinical credential protects complex care" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Dietitian Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn a specialty certification", "Build complex-case experience", "Lead nutrition support rounds" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Wellness Program Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Design workplace nutrition programs", "Measure participation outcomes", "Evaluate AI nutrition tools" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/dietitians-nutritionists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/dietitians-nutritionists.json" } }, { "slug": "occupational-therapists", "title": "Occupational Therapists", "soc": "29-1122", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$100,330", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 162450, "blsSoc": "29-1122" }, "employment": "Rehabilitation profession with strong aging-population demand", "education": "Master's degree plus state licensure", "summary": "OT work is teaching people to button shirts, hold jobs, and live independently after injury or illness — adaptive, hands-on, and relationship-driven. Documentation tools reduce note burden; activity-based therapy itself cannot be digitized.", "caveat": "The role's tools include apps and adaptive software, but the therapist selects, grades, and coaches activities against a specific person's deficits and home environment. Demand grows with rehabilitation need, independent of tooling.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Evaluate patients and set rehab goals", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Conduct therapy programs and activities", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document progress and reports", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Train caregivers and advise on environments", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Activity-based therapy", "Patient assessment", "Adaptive equipment", "Caregiver training" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Aging demographics drive demand", "Documentation tools reduce admin load" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Rehabilitation Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own clinic outcome metrics", "Supervise therapy teams", "Design service lines" ] }, { "title": "Assistive Technology Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Earn ATP certification", "Evaluate adaptive devices", "Run equipment trials with clients" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/occupational-therapists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/occupational-therapists.json" } }, { "slug": "speech-language-pathologists", "title": "Speech-Language Pathologists", "soc": "29-1127", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$97,870", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 183390, "blsSoc": "29-1127" }, "employment": "Licensed communication-disorder role with school and clinical demand", "education": "Master's degree plus state licensure", "summary": "AI speech tools can drill articulation and generate practice materials, but diagnosing swallowing disorders, aphasia, and childhood language delays — and coaching patients through them — is licensed clinical work with strong school demand.", "caveat": "Speech apps extend practice between sessions, which helps rather than threatens caseloads: school SLP shortages are chronic, and assessment plus individualized treatment planning carry professional accountability.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assess speech and language disorders", "exposure": 32, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Provide individualized therapy", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Document evaluations and progress", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Consult with families and school teams", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Communication assessment", "Therapy planning", "Patient counseling", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "School shortages are chronic", "Practice apps extend rather than replace therapy" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Fellowship Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Mentor new clinicians", "Review evaluation quality", "Standardize treatment protocols" ] }, { "title": "Feeding and Swallowing Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build dysphagia casework", "Complete specialty training", "Partner with medical teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/speech-language-pathologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/speech-language-pathologists.json" } }, { "slug": "pediatricians", "title": "Pediatricians, General", "soc": "29-1221", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$210,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 39390, "blsSoc": "29-1221" }, "employment": "Primary care specialty for children with persistent demand", "education": "Doctoral degree plus pediatric residency and board certification", "summary": "AI symptom checkers answer parents' midnight questions, but pediatric diagnosis depends on examining children who cannot describe symptoms, tracking development over years, and earning family trust. Documentation tools relieve charting, not the exam room.", "caveat": "Triage tools change how parents arrive, not who examines the child. Developmental surveillance, vaccination judgment, and abuse recognition carry legal and clinical accountability that keeps the specialty human-centered.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine and diagnose young patients", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prescribe treatment and vaccinations", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Counsel families on development", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Document patient records", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Pediatric diagnosis", "Developmental assessment", "Family counseling", "AI documentation review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Symptom apps shift parent behavior", "Trust and examination anchor the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Pediatric Subspecialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete a fellowship", "Build subspecialty casework", "Publish clinical outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Pediatric Medical Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Lead quality programs", "Guide AI triage adoption", "Own panel health metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/pediatricians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/pediatricians.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-lab-technicians", "title": "Medical and Clinical Laboratory Technicians", "soc": "29-2012", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$45,160", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Routine-testing laboratory role with real automation exposure", "education": "Associate degree or certificate common", "summary": "Technicians run the routine tests automated analyzers increasingly own: sample loading, standard assays, and result entry. Specimen collection, equipment calibration, and abnormal-flag handling keep a human tier, but the role is more exposed than the technologist level above it.", "caveat": "This is one of healthcare's more automatable roles because routine testing is already machine-performed. The durable move is upward into technologist-level validation and quality assurance, or into phlebotomy-plus-lab hybrid roles where collection anchors the job.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct routine tests on samples", "exposure": 64, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 30, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Enter and record test findings", "exposure": 72, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 34, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Calibrate and maintain lab equipment", "exposure": 44, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Collect specimens from patients", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Laboratory testing", "Specimen handling", "Equipment calibration", "Quality control" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "Routine assays are machine-run", "Collection and QC anchor remaining work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Medical Laboratory Technologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete a bachelor's-level program", "Earn technologist certification", "Build validation experience" ] }, { "title": "Laboratory Quality Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own QC logs", "Audit analyzer output", "Track error patterns" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-lab-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-lab-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "mri-technologists", "title": "Magnetic Resonance Imaging Technologists", "soc": "29-2035", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$95,480", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 43390, "blsSoc": "29-2035" }, "employment": "Advanced imaging role with growing procedure volumes", "education": "Associate degree plus MRI certification", "summary": "AI reconstruction makes MRI scans faster and protocol selection smarter — but it works on images a technologist must first acquire. Patient safety screening, positioning, contrast injection, and claustrophobia management keep the role hands-on.", "caveat": "AI in MRI targets scan time and image quality, not acquisition. The technologist's safety gatekeeping — implants, metal, contrast risk — is a licensed checkpoint no software replaces, and faster scanners mean more patients, not fewer techs.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate MRI scanners and select techniques", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Screen patients for contraindications", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Position patients and ensure comfort", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect image quality and document", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "MRI safety screening", "Patient positioning", "Imaging technique selection", "AI reconstruction review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI shortens scans and raises volume", "Safety screening is a licensed checkpoint" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lead MRI Technologist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own protocol standards", "Train new technologists", "Audit AI reconstruction quality" ] }, { "title": "CT Technologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Cross-train on CT protocols", "Earn modality certification", "Build multi-modality flexibility" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mri-technologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mri-technologists.json" } }, { "slug": "emts", "title": "Emergency Medical Technicians", "soc": "29-2042", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$44,470", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 180510, "blsSoc": "29-2042" }, "employment": "Entry-level emergency care role with chronic staffing needs", "education": "Postsecondary certificate plus state licensure", "summary": "EMTs deliver basic life support in uncontrolled environments — lifting patients, immobilizing spines, driving ambulances, reassuring families. AI dispatch and charting tools organize the work around the care; the physical response is the job.", "caveat": "Compared with paramedics, EMT scope is basic life support, which is even more physical and less protocol-analytical. The occupation's challenges are wages and burnout, not automation; it remains the standard entry rung into EMS.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer first aid and life support", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Assess and prioritize patient condition", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Drive and equip emergency vehicles", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Report patient information to hospitals", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Basic life support", "Patient assessment", "Emergency driving", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Staffing shortage persists", "Dispatch AI organizes deployment" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Paramedic", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "12-18", "actions": [ "Enter a paramedic program", "Build advanced life support skills", "Log field experience hours" ] }, { "title": "Emergency Communications Dispatcher", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 54, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn call triage protocols", "Practice multi-agency coordination", "Complete dispatch certification" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/emts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/emts.json" } }, { "slug": "veterinary-technicians", "title": "Veterinary Technologists and Technicians", "soc": "29-2056", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$47,380", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 129140, "blsSoc": "29-2056" }, "employment": "Animal clinical support role with strong demand", "education": "Associate degree plus credentialing in most states", "summary": "Restraining a nervous dog, monitoring anesthesia, drawing blood from a cat — vet tech work is physical animal handling layered with clinical skill. AI helps with records and radiograph review; it cannot hold the patient.", "caveat": "Veterinary practices are chronically short of credentialed technicians, and the work's core is hands-on restraint, monitoring, and lab processing. Technology augments diagnostics while the handling stays human.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Restrain and handle animals", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor anesthesia and recovery", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Perform laboratory tests", "exposure": 44, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Maintain records and client communication", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Animal handling", "Anesthesia monitoring", "Laboratory testing", "Client communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Credential shortages persist", "Diagnostic AI augments the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Veterinary Technician Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Choose a specialty academy", "Log specialty case hours", "Pass the VTS exam" ] }, { "title": "Practice Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn inventory and scheduling systems", "Own client service metrics", "Supervise support staff" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/veterinary-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/veterinary-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "massage-therapists", "title": "Massage Therapists", "soc": "31-9011", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$58,450", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 98790, "blsSoc": "31-9011" }, "employment": "Touch-therapy profession with wellness-economy growth", "education": "Postsecondary certificate plus state licensure in most states", "summary": "Massage is licensed manual therapy: reading tissue, adjusting pressure, and treating pain through hands-on work. AI touches booking and exercise-plan handouts; the treatment itself is irreducibly physical and trust-based.", "caveat": "No robot performs soft-tissue therapy at any meaningful standard, and licensure plus the therapeutic relationship anchor the profession. Administrative apps reduce friction; they do not compete with the service.", "scores": { "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 8, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Massage muscles and soft tissue", "exposure": 8, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 12, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Assess client condition and plan treatment", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Confer with clients on history and pain", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain treatment records", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Manual therapy technique", "Client assessment", "Treatment planning", "Scheduling systems" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Wellness demand keeps growing", "Apps handle booking, not treatment" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Medical Massage Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn clinical massage certifications", "Build referral relationships with clinicians", "Document treatment outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Spa or Clinic Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build a loyal client book", "Learn small-business finance", "Hire and manage therapists" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/massage-therapists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/massage-therapists.json" } }, { "slug": "phlebotomists", "title": "Phlebotomists", "soc": "31-9097", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$45,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 143540, "blsSoc": "31-9097" }, "employment": "Specimen collection role with steady laboratory demand", "education": "Postsecondary certificate common", "summary": "Drawing blood is a physical skill performed on anxious patients in every clinic and lab — vein selection, patient calming, sterile technique, and specimen integrity. Automation handles the analysis downstream, not the needle.", "caveat": "Lab automation changes what happens to samples after collection, not the collection itself. Volume growth in diagnostic testing keeps phlebotomy demand stable, with the role serving as a common entry point into clinical careers.", "scores": { "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draw blood from patients", "exposure": 10, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Verify and match specimen documentation", "exposure": 42, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain sterile instruments and trays", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 34, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Calm and prepare patients", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Venipuncture technique", "Specimen handling", "Patient care", "Safety procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Collection cannot be automated", "Diagnostics volume keeps growing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Medical Laboratory Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete an MLT program", "Learn analyzer operation", "Build testing competencies" ] }, { "title": "Donor Phlebotomy Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own collection quality metrics", "Train new phlebotomists", "Manage mobile drive logistics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/phlebotomists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/phlebotomists.json" } }, { "slug": "personal-care-aides", "title": "Personal Care Aides", "soc": "31-1122", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$34,900", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Among the largest and fastest-growing occupations in the US", "education": "No formal credential for many roles; state requirements vary", "summary": "Helping people cook, dress, bathe, and stay independent at home is companionship-plus-physical-care work. Remote monitoring and AI check-ins help agencies supervise care, but the job exists because a person needs hands and presence, not software.", "caveat": "Unlike medical-adjacent home health roles, personal care is non-clinical support — cooking, errands, hygiene, company — which makes it even less automatable. The occupation's risks are wages and turnover, not displacement.", "scores": { "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 82, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assist with personal care and hygiene", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare meals and handle errands", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Provide companionship and support", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 24, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Record client progress and services", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Personal care", "Compassionate care", "Condition observation", "Family communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Fastest-growing large occupation", "High wage vulnerability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Certified Nursing Assistant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "2-6", "actions": [ "Complete CNA training", "Pass state certification", "Learn facility care protocols" ] }, { "title": "Care Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage care schedules", "Document service plans", "Use remote monitoring dashboards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/personal-care-aides/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/personal-care-aides.json" } }, { "slug": "kindergarten-teachers", "title": "Kindergarten Teachers", "soc": "25-2012", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$62,680", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 108870, "blsSoc": "25-2012" }, "employment": "Licensed early-grade teaching role with steady demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Kindergarten teaching is licensed instruction wrapped in childcare: phonics lessons share the day with tying shoes and managing tears. AI can draft lesson materials, but five-year-olds need a physically present, licensed adult — the job's core is untouchable.", "caveat": "Compared with preschool teaching, kindergarten adds licensed academic instruction; compared with elementary grades, more care and routine-building. The AI story is preparation relief, not classroom substitution.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Teach basic academic and social skills", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Manage classroom routines and behavior", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 26, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare lessons and materials", "exposure": 64, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Observe and evaluate child development", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Early literacy instruction", "Classroom management", "Developmental screening", "Parent communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Licensed classroom presence is required", "Prep tools reduce planning load" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Reading Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn a reading endorsement", "Build intervention casework", "Master literacy assessment" ] }, { "title": "Instructional Coach", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Model early-grade instruction", "Coach peer teachers", "Analyze student outcome data" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/kindergarten-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/kindergarten-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "substitute-teachers", "title": "Substitute Teachers, Short-Term", "soc": "25-3031", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$41,670", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 524770, "blsSoc": "25-3031" }, "employment": "Coverage workforce with chronic district shortages", "education": "Varies by state; bachelor's degree or some college common", "summary": "Substitute teaching is physical classroom coverage on short notice: attendance, behavior management, and keeping a room of students safe and on-task. Districts cannot staff these pools today; no software supervises a classroom.", "caveat": "The role exists to put a responsible adult in the room when the teacher is absent. Lesson delivery follows plans the teacher left, so AI changes preparation upstream — coverage demand itself is driven by staffing shortages.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise classrooms and enforce rules", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Follow absent teachers' lesson plans", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Take attendance and maintain records", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Tutor students in small groups", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Classroom management", "Adaptation", "Student support", "Reliability" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Districts struggle to staff substitute pools", "High wage vulnerability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Licensed Teacher", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 170, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Enter a teacher preparation program", "Complete student teaching", "Pass state licensure exams" ] }, { "title": "Paraprofessional", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Support special education classrooms", "Build behavior support skills", "Document student progress" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/substitute-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/substitute-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "substance-abuse-counselors", "title": "Substance Abuse and Behavioral Disorder Counselors", "soc": "21-1011", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$59,190", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Fast-growing addiction treatment role amid the overdose crisis", "education": "Bachelor's to master's degree plus certification", "summary": "AI support chatbots offer 24/7 check-ins, but recovery work runs on accountability relationships: relapse intervention, group facilitation, family counseling, and court coordination. Demand vastly exceeds counselor supply.", "caveat": "Chatbot support may supplement between-session contact, but addiction counseling's effective ingredient is a trusted human who notices relapse risk. Certification, confidentiality, and crisis liability keep the role licensed and human.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Counsel clients in recovery", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop and adjust treatment plans", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain case records and reports", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Coordinate with courts and agencies", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Addiction counseling", "Crisis intervention", "Treatment planning", "Case coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Overdose crisis drives demand", "Chatbots supplement, not substitute" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Licensed Clinical Counselor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete clinical licensure hours", "Broaden therapeutic modalities", "Pass state licensing exams" ] }, { "title": "Program Director, Recovery Services", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Manage treatment programs", "Measure recovery outcomes", "Set AI support tool boundaries" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/substance-abuse-counselors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/substance-abuse-counselors.json" } }, { "slug": "marriage-family-therapists", "title": "Marriage and Family Therapists", "soc": "21-1013", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$66,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 66740, "blsSoc": "21-1013" }, "employment": "Licensed relationship-therapy role with growing demand", "education": "Master's degree plus supervised licensure", "summary": "Couples and family therapy depends on reading a room of conflicting people in real time — alliance-building, de-escalation, and systemic judgment no chatbot performs. AI tools handle notes and between-session worksheets.", "caveat": "Relationship work is among the least automatable clinical services: the therapist's presence and impartiality are the intervention. Licensure and confidentiality law reinforce the human core.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Counsel couples and families", "exposure": 18, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop individualized treatment plans", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain case files and evaluations", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Coordinate referrals with other professionals", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Systemic therapy", "De-escalation", "Treatment planning", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Relationship therapy demand grows", "The relationship is the intervention" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Supervise licensure candidates", "Review treatment quality", "Set practice standards" ] }, { "title": "Child Custody Evaluator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn forensic evaluation methods", "Build court testimony experience", "Study custody law basics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/marriage-family-therapists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/marriage-family-therapists.json" } }, { "slug": "private-investigators", "title": "Private Detectives and Investigators", "soc": "33-9021", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$51,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 35580, "blsSoc": "33-9021" }, "employment": "Investigation services role being reshaped by data tools", "education": "High school diploma to bachelor's; licensure in most states", "summary": "AI search and OSINT tools have transformed the research side of investigation — background checks, record location, financial tracing. Surveillance, interviewing, undercover work, and courtroom testimony remain stubbornly physical and human.", "caveat": "The desk-research half of this job is genuinely compressing as data tools improve. The field half — watching, following, questioning, testifying — is not, which splits the occupation into tool-amplified investigators and commodity lookup services.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Search databases and public records", "exposure": 72, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Conduct surveillance and document activity", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Question persons and gather evidence", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Write investigation reports", "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "OSINT research", "Surveillance technique", "Evidence documentation", "Interviewing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Research automation is transforming the desk half", "Fieldwork and testimony persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Corporate Fraud Investigator", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn fraud examination basics", "Practice forensic accounting review", "Build compliance interview skills" ] }, { "title": "OSINT Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master open-source intelligence tools", "Document collection methodology", "Produce court-ready reports" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/private-investigators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/private-investigators.json" } }, { "slug": "reservation-ticket-agents", "title": "Reservation and Transportation Ticket Agents", "soc": "43-4181", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$44,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 118710, "blsSoc": "43-4181" }, "employment": "Travel booking role compressed by self-service", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Booking, fare computation, and reservation confirmation are exactly what online booking and AI travel agents automate. Airport counter work — irregular operations, baggage tracing, passenger assistance — keeps a reduced human presence.", "caveat": "This occupation has been consolidating since online booking arrived, and AI trip planning accelerates it. The surviving work concentrates in disruption handling and special-assistance passengers, not routine ticket issuance.", "scores": { "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 72, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Make and confirm reservations", "exposure": 86, "automation": 70, "augmentation": 20, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Compute fares and issue tickets", "exposure": 82, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 22, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Answer travel inquiries", "exposure": 66, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 42, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Trace lost baggage and assist passengers", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Reservation systems", "Booking and fare compliance", "Service recovery", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Self-service booking is default", "Disruption handling keeps counter roles" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Airport Operations Agent", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Learn ramp and gate coordination", "Own irregular-operations response", "Track departure metrics" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Travel Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage corporate booking tools", "Handle traveler exceptions", "Track program compliance" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/reservation-ticket-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/reservation-ticket-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "couriers-messengers", "title": "Couriers and Messengers", "soc": "43-5021", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$39,200", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 68640, "blsSoc": "43-5021" }, "employment": "Point-to-point delivery role with drone and gig-economy pressure", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Routing and dispatch apps already run this job's logistics, and delivery drones target the same short hops. Medical specimens, legal documents, and signed-chain deliveries keep humans carrying items where custody and timing matter.", "caveat": "Drone delivery pilots expand on simple routes, but courier work concentrates in hospital, lab, and legal runs where handoff verification and handling rules require a person. Gig-platform economics pressure wages more than robots pressure the work.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Deliver and pick up items on route", "exposure": 38, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Follow routing and dispatch instructions", "exposure": 62, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 34, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Obtain signatures and payments", "exposure": 48, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 30, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Handle medical and sensitive materials", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Route efficiency", "Chain-of-custody handling", "Reliability", "Customer contact" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Drones target simple hops first", "Custody deliveries stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Medical Courier Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Learn specimen transport rules", "Master cold-chain handling", "Document custody procedures" ] }, { "title": "Dispatch Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Run driver assignments", "Track delivery exceptions", "Manage route software" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/couriers-messengers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/couriers-messengers.json" } }, { "slug": "advertising-managers", "title": "Advertising and Promotions Managers", "soc": "11-2021", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$166,790", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 395240, "blsSoc": "11-2021" }, "employment": "Campaign leadership role at the center of generative-creative change", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Generative tools now produce ad copy, layout variations, and media plans at scale, compressing agency production layers. Media-buying judgment, creative direction, client trust, and campaign accountability keep advertising leadership human-led.", "caveat": "Unlike brand-focused marketing management, this role owns media and creative output — the layers AI is disrupting fastest. Managers who direct AI-assisted production and own performance accountability gain leverage; production coordinators lose it.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan advertising policies and strategies", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare campaign budgets and estimates", "exposure": 66, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct creative production teams", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze campaign effectiveness", "exposure": 68, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Media strategy", "Creative direction", "Campaign analytics", "AI content direction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Creative production is commoditizing", "Strategy and client trust endure" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Performance Marketing Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own channel economics", "Direct AI creative testing", "Build attribution models" ] }, { "title": "Brand Strategy Director", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead positioning work", "Own brand architecture", "Set AI creative guidelines" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/advertising-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/advertising-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "property-managers", "title": "Property, Real Estate, and Community Association Managers", "soc": "11-9141", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$69,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 311180, "blsSoc": "11-9141" }, "employment": "Large property operations role with portal automation", "education": "High school diploma to bachelor's; licensure varies by state", "summary": "Tenant portals, AI leasing assistants, and maintenance ticketing automate the administrative half of property management. Buildings remain physical: inspections, vendor coordination, dispute resolution, and emergency response keep managers on-site.", "caveat": "Leasing paperwork and rent collection automate readily; a burst pipe at 2 a.m. does not. Managers of large portfolios use automation to cover more units, which compresses staffing ratios but not the need for accountable operators.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Coordinate maintenance and repairs", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare budgets and financial reports", "exposure": 64, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve tenant complaints and violations", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect grounds and facilities", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Property operations", "Vendor coordination", "Leasing compliance", "Budget management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Portals absorb admin work", "Physical operations anchor the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Regional Property Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage multi-property portfolios", "Own occupancy metrics", "Standardize vendor programs" ] }, { "title": "Facilities Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn building systems", "Own preventive maintenance programs", "Manage capital projects" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/property-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/property-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "arbitrators-mediators", "title": "Arbitrators, Mediators, and Conciliators", "soc": "23-1022", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Legal", "medianWage": "$75,530", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 9210, "blsSoc": "23-1022" }, "employment": "Alternative dispute resolution role with court-backlog demand", "education": "Bachelor's or law degree plus certification", "summary": "Online dispute resolution platforms automate simple claims, but mediation works because a trusted neutral reads both parties and finds the deal. Legal analysis tools assist preparation; the negotiation room stays human.", "caveat": "AI settlement tools handle low-value, high-volume disputes best. Complex commercial, employment, and family mediation depends on credibility with both sides — a function of human judgment that parties will not delegate to software.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Facilitate dispute negotiations", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Research case facts and precedents", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Draft settlement agreements", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Issue binding decisions where authorized", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Neutral facilitation", "Legal research", "Settlement drafting", "De-escalation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Simple claims move to online platforms", "Trust in a neutral stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Labor Arbitrator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build collective bargaining expertise", "Join arbitration rosters", "Develop a decision-writing record" ] }, { "title": "Ombuds Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn organizational ombuds practice", "Design intake workflows", "Track dispute pattern data" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/arbitrators-mediators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/arbitrators-mediators.json" } }, { "slug": "occupational-health-safety-specialists", "title": "Occupational Health and Safety Specialists", "soc": "19-5011", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$90,150", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 140610, "blsSoc": "19-5011" }, "employment": "Workplace safety role with regulatory and ESG-driven demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Sensor networks and AI monitoring detect hazards and log exposures automatically, changing how safety data gets collected. Inspections, incident investigation, corrective-action authority, and regulatory defense keep specialists accountable on site.", "caveat": "Monitoring technology extends the specialist's reach — one person can watch more facilities — but every corrective order, investigation, and OSHA-facing report requires a qualified human signature.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect workplaces for hazards", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 54, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Evaluate exposure and monitoring data", "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare compliance reports", "exposure": 68, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Recommend protective measures", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Hazard assessment", "Regulatory compliance", "Incident investigation", "Monitoring data analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Sensors extend inspection reach", "Corrective authority stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "EHS Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own site safety programs", "Lead audit programs", "Track leading-indicator metrics" ] }, { "title": "Certified Industrial Hygienist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Study exposure science", "Complete CIH preparation", "Build sampling program experience" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/occupational-health-safety-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/occupational-health-safety-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "penetration-testers", "title": "Penetration Testers", "soc": "15-1299", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$116,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 435370, "blsSoc": "15-1299" }, "employment": "Offensive security role with AI-amplified demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; certifications heavily weighted", "summary": "AI tools now run vulnerability scans and draft exploit paths, compressing the routine reconnaissance layer. Creative attack chaining, business-logic flaws, social engineering, and accountable sign-off on security posture keep human testers essential.", "caveat": "This occupation maps to a residual computer-occupations SOC with penetration testing as its detailed variant. AI raises both attack speed and the volume of things needing testing — defenders need adversarial humans to stay ahead of automated attackers.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 74, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Test systems by attempting intrusion", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Identify security weaknesses", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Document penetration test findings", "exposure": 64, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Advise teams on security fixes", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Offensive security", "Exploit development", "Security audits", "Report writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI scales both attack and testing demand", "Adversarial creativity is scarce" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Red Team Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Lead adversary simulations", "Own engagement scope and rules", "Brief executives on findings" ] }, { "title": "Application Security Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Embed security in code review", "Build automated scanning pipelines", "Validate AI-generated fixes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/penetration-testers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/penetration-testers.json" } }, { "slug": "chemists", "title": "Chemists", "soc": "19-2031", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$91,240", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 82770, "blsSoc": "19-2031" }, "employment": "Laboratory science role across materials, pharma, and manufacturing", "education": "Bachelor's degree; advanced degrees for research", "summary": "AI synthesis planners and literature tools accelerate the analysis and design layers of chemistry. Bench work — running reactions, maintaining instruments, validating materials — plus safety accountability keep chemists laboratory-bound.", "caveat": "Computational chemistry proposes candidates faster than ever, but every proposed compound still needs synthesis, testing, and quality verification in a physical lab. The role's value shifts toward experimental validation.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze compounds with lab instruments", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Develop products and analytical methods", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Write technical papers and specifications", "exposure": 66, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Conduct quality control tests", "exposure": 48, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Laboratory analysis", "Laboratory technique", "Safety procedures", "AI-assisted research" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI accelerates discovery workflows", "Bench validation remains essential" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Computational Chemist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn molecular modeling tools", "Validate AI-proposed syntheses", "Build simulation pipelines" ] }, { "title": "Quality Assurance Scientist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own method validation", "Lead QC investigations", "Audit automated test results" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/chemists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/chemists.json" } }, { "slug": "meteorologists", "title": "Meteorologists", "soc": "19-2021", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$99,070", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 10000, "blsSoc": "19-2021" }, "employment": "Atmospheric science role reshaped by AI weather models", "education": "Bachelor's degree; advanced degrees for research", "summary": "AI weather models now beat conventional forecasting on many benchmarks — the honest headline. Forecaster judgment on high-stakes local events, warning communication, and interpreting model disagreement keep meteorologists in the loop.", "caveat": "This is a genuinely model-disrupted science: AI forecasts are real and improving. What persists is accountability for warnings, local microclimate judgment, emergency briefings, and the research improving the models themselves.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 74, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Interpret data and models for forecasts", "exposure": 68, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 76, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Issue forecasts and severe weather warnings", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Communicate forecasts to the public", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Conduct atmospheric research", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Numerical model interpretation", "Warning judgment", "Science communication", "AI forecast evaluation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI models outperform on benchmarks", "Warning accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "AI Weather Model Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Evaluate AI forecast skill", "Document model failure modes", "Calibrate warning thresholds" ] }, { "title": "Emergency Management Meteorologist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Brief emergency officials", "Build decision-support products", "Run severe weather exercises" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/meteorologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/meteorologists.json" } }, { "slug": "forensic-science-technicians", "title": "Forensic Science Technicians", "soc": "19-4092", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$72,060", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 19120, "blsSoc": "19-4092" }, "employment": "Crime laboratory role with legal-evidence accountability", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus on-the-job training", "summary": "AI pattern tools assist fingerprint and image comparison, but every forensic result feeds a courtroom: chain of custody, documented methods, and testimony under cross-examination keep certified technicians accountable for the evidence.", "caveat": "Pattern-recognition tools change comparison speed, not evidentiary responsibility. Courts require humans who can defend methods, and wrongful-conviction scrutiny makes fully automated forensic claims radioactive.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Collect and preserve crime scene evidence", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Analyze evidence in the laboratory", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document findings and methods", "exposure": 56, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Testify in court", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Evidence handling", "Laboratory analysis", "Documentation", "Court testimony" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Pattern AI assists comparison", "Courtroom accountability is structural" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Forensic Laboratory Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own quality assurance programs", "Review analyst casework", "Manage accreditation requirements" ] }, { "title": "DNA Analyst", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete DNA analysis training", "Build serology competencies", "Document validation studies" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/forensic-science-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/forensic-science-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "athletes", "title": "Athletes and Sports Competitors", "soc": "27-2021", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$66,710", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 15070, "blsSoc": "27-2021" }, "employment": "Elite performance occupation with winner-take-most economics", "education": "No formal credential; elite training from early ages", "summary": "AI transforms everything around elite sport — scouting models, training load optimization, tactical analysis — but the product is a human body competing live. No audience pays to watch software play, making this the purest resilience case on the site.", "caveat": "Wage figures here are noisy because earnings concentrate at the top; most competitors earn modestly. The occupation's AI story is augmentation of preparation and analysis, with zero substitution of the performance itself.", "scores": { "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 56 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compete in athletic events", "exposure": 8, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Train and maintain peak fitness", "exposure": 10, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Analyze performance and adjust", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Represent teams in media and events", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Elite physical performance", "Performance analysis", "Competitive judgment", "Media communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Analytics augment preparation", "Live human competition is the product" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Coach", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 62, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Earn coaching certifications", "Build a development track record", "Learn program management" ] }, { "title": "Sports Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 72, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn performance analytics tools", "Build video analysis skills", "Publish tactical breakdowns" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/athletes/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/athletes.json" } }, { "slug": "coaches-scouts", "title": "Coaches and Scouts", "soc": "27-2022", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$47,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 248950, "blsSoc": "27-2022" }, "employment": "Sports instruction role with analytics-driven tooling", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI video breakdown, scouting models, and training-load analytics now handle much of sport's information work. Practice leadership, motivation, in-game judgment, and athlete development relationships keep coaching human.", "caveat": "Analytics democratize information that once differentiated scouts, pushing the role toward what software cannot do: evaluating character, building trust, and making people better under pressure.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan and conduct practice sessions", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze opponents and develop strategy", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Evaluate and recruit athletes", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Counsel and motivate athletes", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Instruction and motivation", "Performance analysis", "Talent evaluation", "Game strategy" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Analytics tools are now standard", "Development relationships stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Head Coach", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "12-36", "actions": [ "Build a winning record", "Own program culture", "Master recruiting and staff management" ] }, { "title": "Sports Performance Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn video and data platforms", "Build opposition analysis reports", "Present insights to coaching staffs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/coaches-scouts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/coaches-scouts.json" } }, { "slug": "food-prep-workers", "title": "Food Preparation Workers", "soc": "35-2021", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$35,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 893600, "blsSoc": "35-2021" }, "employment": "Large kitchen support workforce with persistent demand", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Washing, peeling, cutting, portioning, and sanitizing across variable ingredients and kitchens is physical work robots handle only in narrow, high-volume formats. Temperature logging and prep-list software assist; hands do the prep.", "caveat": "Automation targets uniform tasks like frying and dispensing, while prep work's variability — odd-shaped produce, changing menus, shared equipment — keeps it manual. Chronic kitchen staffing shortages reinforce the point.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 16, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 76, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Wash, peel, and cut ingredients", "exposure": 28, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Portion and assemble food items", "exposure": 34, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Sanitize work areas and equipment", "exposure": 26, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 20, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Record temperatures and supplies", "exposure": 52, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Food handling and knife skills", "Food safety", "Speed under pressure", "Reliability" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Prep robotics serve narrow formats", "Kitchen staffing shortages persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Line Cook", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Learn station cooking", "Master timing across orders", "Practice plating standards" ] }, { "title": "Kitchen Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own prep schedules", "Track food safety logs", "Train new kitchen staff" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/food-prep-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/food-prep-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "housekeepers", "title": "Maids and Housekeeping Cleaners", "soc": "37-2012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance", "medianWage": "$35,510", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 860670, "blsSoc": "37-2012" }, "employment": "Very large cleaning workforce across hotels, homes, and hospitals", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Making beds, scrubbing bathrooms, and restocking rooms is physical work in unique, cluttered spaces that cleaning robots cannot navigate. Assignment apps optimize routes and schedules; the room itself still needs a person.", "caveat": "Robotic vacuums handle open floors; hotel rooms, bathrooms, and occupied homes do not offer that environment. The occupation's pressures are wages and workload, not automation — demand persists across lodging and healthcare.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 16, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 74, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Clean rooms and work areas", "exposure": 20, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Restock linens and supplies", "exposure": 22, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Disinfect equipment and surfaces", "exposure": 24, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 26, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Report damage and lost property", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Physical reliability", "Accuracy and thoroughness", "Safety procedures", "Time management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Robots handle open floors only", "Wage vulnerability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Housekeeping Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own room inspection standards", "Manage assignment boards", "Train new attendants" ] }, { "title": "Environmental Services Technician", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Learn hospital cleaning protocols", "Master infection control procedures", "Document compliance checks" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/housekeepers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/housekeepers.json" } }, { "slug": "chiropractors", "title": "Chiropractors", "soc": "29-1011", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$79,200", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 39630, "blsSoc": "29-1011" }, "employment": "Licensed manual-therapy profession with steady demand", "education": "Doctor of Chiropractic degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Spinal adjustment is licensed hands-on work: evaluating posture and joint function, then correcting it with manual pressure. AI supports imaging review and exercise-plan drafting; the adjustment itself, and the licensure behind it, stay human.", "caveat": "AI imaging analysis assists diagnosis, but manual therapy on a patient in the room has no software analogue. The profession's pressures are market competition and insurance coverage, not automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Perform manual spinal adjustments", "exposure": 8, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Evaluate patients and interpret x-rays", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise patients on treatment courses", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain case histories", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Manual therapy technique", "Imaging review", "Patient counseling", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Manual therapy resists automation", "Imaging AI assists diagnosis" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Sports Chiropractic Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn a sports certification", "Build athlete casework", "Partner with training programs" ] }, { "title": "Clinic Owner and Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build a patient base", "Learn practice finance", "Hire associate clinicians" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/chiropractors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/chiropractors.json" } }, { "slug": "orthodontists", "title": "Orthodontists", "soc": "29-1023", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$289,140", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 6210, "blsSoc": "29-1023" }, "employment": "Dental specialty with AI-driven treatment planning", "education": "Dental degree plus orthodontic residency and licensure", "summary": "AI treatment planning and direct-to-consumer aligner companies have changed orthodontics more than most specialties — software now proposes tooth movements. Appliance fitting, in-person adjustment, complication management, and specialist accountability keep the role licensed and hands-on.", "caveat": "Aligner automation is a real business-model disruption at the simple end. Complex malocclusion, jaw development cases, and anything requiring in-mouth adjustment remain specialist work, and treatment outcomes still carry the orthodontist's name.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop treatment plans from diagnostics", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Fit and adjust dental appliances", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor progress and compliance", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise patients on treatment plans", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Treatment planning", "Precision appliance fitting", "Imaging review", "Patient counseling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Aligner automation disrupts simple cases", "Specialist accountability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Orthodontic Practice Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Adopt digital workflow tools", "Own treatment quality metrics", "Build referral networks" ] }, { "title": "Craniofacial Orthodontics Fellow", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete subspecialty fellowship", "Join hospital craniofacial teams", "Build complex-case volume" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/orthodontists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/orthodontists.json" } }, { "slug": "optometrists", "title": "Optometrists", "soc": "29-1041", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$136,570", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 42790, "blsSoc": "29-1041" }, "employment": "Primary eye care profession with retail-clinic expansion", "education": "Doctor of Optometry degree plus state licensure", "summary": "AI retinal screening reads fundus photos for diabetic eye disease, automating a diagnostic slice. Comprehensive exams, refraction, contact lens fitting, and surgical co-management keep optometrists as the accountable primary eye-care provider.", "caveat": "Screening AI handles single-disease detection, not the full exam: ocular health assessment, binocular vision, and refraction require instruments, judgment, and a patient in the chair. Screening expands referral volume more than it replaces exams.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine eyes and diagnose conditions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prescribe and fit vision aids", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Analyze test results and plan treatment", "exposure": 42, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Counsel patients on eye health", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical examination", "Imaging review", "Prescriptive authority", "Patient counseling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Screening AI expands referrals", "Comprehensive exams stay in-person" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Medical Optometry Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build ocular disease casework", "Co-manage surgical patients", "Adopt AI screening workflows" ] }, { "title": "Practice Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn practice operations", "Build optical retail strategy", "Hire and manage staff" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/optometrists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/optometrists.json" } }, { "slug": "respiratory-therapists", "title": "Respiratory Therapists", "soc": "29-1126", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$82,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 139790, "blsSoc": "29-1126" }, "employment": "Cardiopulmonary care role with hospital demand", "education": "Associate degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Managing ventilators, intubating patients, and responding to code situations is bedside critical care. Monitoring alarms and AI-assisted weaning protocols support decisions, but the therapist at the bedside adjusts treatment against live physiology.", "caveat": "Ventilator automation and smart alarms have existed for decades without reducing the role — if anything, device complexity increased the need for specialists. Emergency airway work is among the least delegable tasks in the hospital.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Set up and manage ventilators", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor patient responses to therapy", "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Provide emergency airway care", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain charts and educate patients", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Ventilator management", "Airway procedures", "Patient assessment", "Emergency response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Critical-care demand persists", "Device complexity increases specialization" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Registered Respiratory Therapist (RRT)", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete RRT credentialing", "Build ICU experience", "Lead code response training" ] }, { "title": "Pulmonary Function Technologist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master pulmonary function testing", "Learn sleep study protocols", "Document diagnostic quality" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/respiratory-therapists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/respiratory-therapists.json" } }, { "slug": "nurse-anesthetists", "title": "Nurse Anesthetists", "soc": "29-1151", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$236,590", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 51840, "blsSoc": "29-1151" }, "employment": "Advanced practice anesthesia role among the highest-paid nursing specialties", "education": "Doctoral degree plus CRNA certification", "summary": "Anesthesia information systems and smart pumps automate monitoring records, but inducing, maintaining, and emerging patients from anesthesia is minute-to-minute clinical judgment with life-safety accountability. One of the most automation-resistant clinical roles.", "caveat": "Monitoring technology has improved for decades while CRNA autonomy expanded. The liability and real-time physiology judgment of anesthesia keep a licensed clinician at the head of the bed, regardless of tooling.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer anesthetics and manage airways", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor patient responses continuously", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Assess histories to predict response", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Respond to intraoperative emergencies", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 26, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Anesthesia management", "Airway procedures", "Physiological monitoring", "Emergency response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Among the highest-paid nursing roles", "Safety accountability is immovable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief CRNA", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Lead anesthesia teams", "Own quality and outcome metrics", "Manage OR scheduling coordination" ] }, { "title": "Pain Management Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete pain fellowship training", "Build regional anesthesia expertise", "Develop clinic protocols" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/nurse-anesthetists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/nurse-anesthetists.json" } }, { "slug": "audiologists", "title": "Audiologists", "soc": "29-1181", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$95,780", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13660, "blsSoc": "29-1181" }, "employment": "Hearing and balance specialty facing device-market disruption", "education": "Doctoral degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Over-the-counter hearing aids and app-based hearing tests compress the retail dispensing layer of audiology. Diagnostic evaluation, cochlear implant programming, balance disorders, and pediatric fitting keep clinical audiology specialized.", "caveat": "The disruption is real but targeted: OTC devices serve mild adult hearing loss, while diagnostic audiology — finding out why hearing or balance is failing — remains a doctoral clinical service. Diversifying into implants and vestibular work is the protective move.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer hearing and balance tests", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Evaluate disorders and diagnose", "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Fit and program assistive devices", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Counsel patients and families", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Diagnostic testing", "Device programming", "Patient counseling", "Rehabilitation planning" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "OTC devices compress dispensing", "Diagnostics and implants stay clinical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Cochlear Implant Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build implant mapping experience", "Join implant center teams", "Master rehabilitation protocols" ] }, { "title": "Vestibular Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Deepen balance assessment skills", "Learn vestibular rehabilitation", "Partner with neurology clinics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/audiologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/audiologists.json" } }, { "slug": "cardiologists", "title": "Cardiologists", "soc": "29-1212", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$496,010", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 17290, "blsSoc": "29-1212" }, "employment": "High-stakes specialty with strong diagnostic AI adoption", "education": "Doctoral degree plus cardiology fellowship and board certification", "summary": "AI ECG interpretation and imaging analysis are among the most validated clinical AI tools — and cardiologists deploy them. Catheterization, device implantation, emergency cardiac care, and risk judgment keep the specialty procedural and accountable.", "caveat": "Cardiac AI reads rhythm strips and echoes well, which shifts cardiologist time toward procedures and complex decision-making. The specialty's interventional core and emergency accountability make substitution implausible.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose conditions from tests and imaging", "exposure": 44, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Perform catheterization and device procedures", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Administer emergency cardiac care", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Design and explain treatment plans", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Diagnostic imaging judgment", "Interventional technique", "Prescriptive authority", "AI ECG review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Cardiac AI is a tool cardiologists own", "Procedural demand keeps growing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Interventional Cardiologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete interventional fellowship", "Build cath lab volume", "Master structural heart procedures" ] }, { "title": "Cardiac Imaging Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own imaging quality programs", "Validate AI reading tools", "Lead modality protocols" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cardiologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cardiologists.json" } }, { "slug": "dermatologists", "title": "Dermatologists", "soc": "29-1213", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$328,730", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 11370, "blsSoc": "29-1213" }, "employment": "Visual-diagnosis specialty at the center of skin-AI screening", "education": "Doctoral degree plus dermatology residency and board certification", "summary": "AI skin-image classifiers match specialists on narrow lesion benchmarks — the famous case study. Full-body exams, biopsy and surgery decisions, cosmetic procedures, and atypical presentations keep dermatologists diagnostically accountable.", "caveat": "Benchmark performance is not workflow replacement: screening tools triage, they do not biopsy. Dermatology combines visual diagnosis with high procedural volume, and teledermatology triage expands referral flow rather than shrinking the specialty.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine skin and diagnose conditions", "exposure": 44, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Perform biopsies and skin surgery", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prescribe and administer treatments", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Counsel patients on screening and prevention", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Visual diagnosis", "Surgical technique", "AI screening review", "Patient counseling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Screening AI triages, does not treat", "Procedural volume anchors the specialty" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Mohs Surgeon", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete a surgical fellowship", "Build skin cancer surgery volume", "Master reconstruction techniques" ] }, { "title": "Teledermatology Program Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Design triage workflows", "Audit AI screening accuracy", "Measure referral outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/dermatologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/dermatologists.json" } }, { "slug": "emergency-medicine-physicians", "title": "Emergency Medicine Physicians", "soc": "29-1214", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$335,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 32880, "blsSoc": "29-1214" }, "employment": "Acute care specialty defined by unpredictable presentations", "education": "Doctoral degree plus emergency medicine residency and board certification", "summary": "The ER is where undifferentiated chaos arrives: trauma, overdoses, chest pain at 3 a.m. Triage algorithms and documentation tools help, but stabilizing critical patients, procedures under pressure, and disposition judgment keep the specialty human.", "caveat": "AI triage works on structured data; emergency medicine's hardest inputs are unstructured — the patient who cannot speak, the ambiguous presentation, the social crisis. Resuscitation and emergency procedures have no software analogue.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Stabilize and resuscitate critical patients", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Evaluate and prioritize emergency needs", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Perform emergency procedures", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document and coordinate care transitions", "exposure": 50, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "CPR and life support", "Rapid assessment", "Emergency procedures", "AI documentation review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Unstructured presentations resist algorithms", "Burnout relief is the AI benefit" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Emergency Department Medical Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own department quality metrics", "Lead throughput improvement", "Guide AI triage adoption" ] }, { "title": "Critical Care Intensivist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete critical care fellowship", "Build ICU procedure skills", "Master ventilator management" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/emergency-medicine-physicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/emergency-medicine-physicians.json" } }, { "slug": "orthopedic-surgeons", "title": "Orthopedic Surgeons", "soc": "29-1242", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$358,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 14100, "blsSoc": "29-1242" }, "employment": "Surgical specialty adopting robotic assistance", "education": "Doctoral degree plus orthopedic residency and board certification", "summary": "Robot-assisted joint replacement is real — and it is a tool the surgeon drives, improving alignment precision in the OR. Surgical judgment, complication management, and operative accountability keep orthopedic surgery among the most automation-proof professions.", "caveat": "Surgical robots changed who plans the cut, not who is responsible for it. Every robotic case has a surgeon whose hands and judgment handle the unexpected, and AI planning tools increase throughput rather than replace operators.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate on the musculoskeletal system", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Diagnose orthopedic conditions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Plan procedures with imaging and models", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Manage pre- and postoperative care", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Operative technique", "Surgical judgment", "Robotic platform operation", "Imaging interpretation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Robots are surgeon-driven tools", "Aging joints drive procedure volume" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Robotic Surgery Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own robotic platform protocols", "Measure alignment outcomes", "Train surgical teams" ] }, { "title": "Sports Medicine Surgeon", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete sports fellowship", "Build arthroscopy volume", "Partner with athletic programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/orthopedic-surgeons/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/orthopedic-surgeons.json" } }, { "slug": "surgical-technologists", "title": "Surgical Technologists", "soc": "29-2055", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$64,650", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 117460, "blsSoc": "29-2055" }, "employment": "Operating room support role with surgical-volume growth", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or associate degree", "summary": "Maintaining the sterile field, anticipating instrument needs, and counting sponges are physical, high-consequence OR tasks performed shoulder-to-shoulder with surgeons. Instrument tracking software assists; the sterile field does not run itself.", "caveat": "Surgical robotics add equipment to manage rather than replacing the technologist. Every operation still needs a scrubbed human maintaining sterility and handling instruments in real time.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Maintain the sterile field", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Hand instruments during surgery", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Count instruments and supplies", "exposure": 38, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Prepare and restock operating rooms", "exposure": 24, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Sterile technique", "Instrument knowledge", "Surgical anticipation", "Safety procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "OR volume keeps growing", "Robotics add equipment to manage" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Surgical First Assistant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-18", "actions": [ "Complete first-assist training", "Build retraction and suturing skills", "Earn CFA certification" ] }, { "title": "Sterile Processing Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own instrument tracking systems", "Manage sterilization quality", "Train processing staff" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/surgical-technologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/surgical-technologists.json" } }, { "slug": "occupational-therapy-assistants", "title": "Occupational Therapy Assistants", "soc": "31-2011", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$72,300", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 51290, "blsSoc": "31-2011" }, "employment": "Therapy support role with rehabilitation demand growth", "education": "Associate degree plus state licensure", "summary": "OT assistants deliver the hands-on repetition of therapy: coaching daily-living skills, guiding exercises, encouraging progress. Documentation tools reduce paperwork; the coached, physical practice of recovery happens person to person.", "caveat": "Assistant scope means delivering treatment plans the therapist designs, which keeps wages below the therapist level but makes the work intensely hands-on. That physical delivery is exactly what resists automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Implement treatment plans with patients", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Instruct patients in daily living skills", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Monitor and encourage therapy performance", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Record progress in client records", "exposure": 50, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Activity-based therapy", "Patient motivation", "Documentation", "Adaptive equipment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Hands-on delivery resists automation", "Rehab demand supports growth" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Occupational Therapist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 144, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete a bridge OT program", "Build evaluation competencies", "Plan licensure pathway" ] }, { "title": "Rehabilitation Aide Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Coordinate aide schedules", "Track treatment adherence", "Maintain equipment inventory" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/occupational-therapy-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/occupational-therapy-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "health-information-technologists", "title": "Health Information Technologists and Medical Registrars", "soc": "29-9021", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$68,020", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 38100, "blsSoc": "29-9021" }, "employment": "Healthcare data systems role growing with EHR and registry demand", "education": "Associate or bachelor's degree; certification common", "summary": "This is the systems side of health information: designing record databases, maintaining retrieval systems, and running registry data for research. AI coding tools change data entry, but system design, privacy compliance, and data quality accountability grow with demand.", "caveat": "Unlike records coding roles, this occupation owns the systems themselves — and every AI documentation or coding tool needs someone to integrate, validate, and govern its data. That governance work is expanding.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Maintain health record systems", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Compile statistical and registry reports", "exposure": 68, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Protect record security and privacy", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Evaluate system upgrades and improvements", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Health information systems", "Data quality", "Privacy compliance", "Reporting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI tooling increases governance demand", "Registry data roles are growing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Informatics Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn EHR configuration", "Audit AI coding output", "Build data quality dashboards" ] }, { "title": "Cancer Registrar", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn registrar certification", "Master registry abstraction", "Learn reporting standards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/health-information-technologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/health-information-technologists.json" } }, { "slug": "athletic-trainers", "title": "Athletic Trainers", "soc": "29-9091", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$62,520", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 30500, "blsSoc": "29-9091" }, "employment": "Sports medicine role with school and team demand", "education": "Master's degree plus certification", "summary": "Sideline injury assessment, return-to-play clearance, taping, and rehabilitation guidance are physical, real-time clinical work performed on fields and in training rooms. Wearable data and video analysis inform decisions the trainer makes in person.", "caveat": "Concussion spotter tools and load-monitoring dashboards change inputs, not accountability: someone certified must decide whether an athlete plays. Schools and programs keep adding athletic trainer positions for liability reasons.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assess injuries and clear participation", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Provide on-field emergency care", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Apply protective taping and devices", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Coordinate rehabilitation with physicians", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Injury assessment", "Emergency response", "Rehabilitation planning", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Liability drives position growth", "Wearable data augments decisions" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Head Athletic Trainer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own sports medicine programs", "Manage coverage schedules", "Lead concussion protocols" ] }, { "title": "Physical Therapist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 168, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete DPT prerequisites", "Apply rehabilitation experience", "Plan doctoral program entry" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/athletic-trainers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/athletic-trainers.json" } }, { "slug": "genetic-counselors", "title": "Genetic Counselors", "soc": "29-9092", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$100,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3740, "blsSoc": "29-9092" }, "employment": "Genomics-era counseling specialty with rapid growth", "education": "Master's degree plus board certification", "summary": "AI variant interpretation accelerates the analysis side of genomics, but genetic counseling is communication work: explaining risk, supporting decisions about testing, and helping families process results. The counseling relationship is the profession.", "caveat": "Better AI interpretation increases testing volume, which increases demand for counselors who can translate results into decisions. Analysis automates; the human conversation about life-altering information does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze genetic information for risk", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Interpret laboratory results for patients", "exposure": 46, "automation": 23, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Counsel patients and families", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Write consultation reports", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Genomic risk analysis", "Patient counseling", "Report writing", "Family history assessment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI raises testing volume and counselor demand", "Sensitive communication stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Genomic Variant Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn variant interpretation pipelines", "Audit AI classification output", "Document evidence reviews" ] }, { "title": "Oncology Genetics Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build cancer genetics casework", "Master hereditary risk models", "Join tumor board teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/genetic-counselors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/genetic-counselors.json" } }, { "slug": "self-enrichment-teachers", "title": "Self-Enrichment Teachers", "soc": "25-3021", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$46,800", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 332110, "blsSoc": "25-3021" }, "employment": "Community and recreational instruction role with online-course competition", "education": "Varies by subject; portfolio and expertise matter most", "summary": "Online platforms and AI-generated courses compete directly with generic enrichment content. Live classes — pottery, dance, cooking, language circles — sell presence, feedback, and community, which pre-recorded or generated content does not deliver.", "caveat": "The squeeze is real for lecture-style instruction that video does as well. Instructors whose value is demonstration, correction, and group energy — and who build a local following — keep enrollment while content-only teaching commoditizes.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Instruct students in enrichment subjects", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare lesson plans and materials", "exposure": 66, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Assess and track student progress", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Recruit and schedule class participants", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Instruction", "Demonstration technique", "Student motivation", "Scheduling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Online courses compete on content", "Live community instruction persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Community Education Program Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage course catalogs", "Measure enrollment outcomes", "Recruit instructor talent" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Workshop Facilitator", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Package topics for business audiences", "Build a facilitation portfolio", "Track participant feedback" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/self-enrichment-teachers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/self-enrichment-teachers.json" } }, { "slug": "archivists", "title": "Archivists", "soc": "25-4011", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$64,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 7970, "blsSoc": "25-4011" }, "employment": "Records preservation profession adapting to digital collections", "education": "Master's degree in library or archival science typical", "summary": "AI classification and OCR automate description and digitization workflows that used to consume archivist hours. Provenance judgment, appraisal of what to keep, authentication, and access policy keep the profession's judgment layer intact.", "caveat": "Digitization shifts archivist work from handling paper to governing digital collections — more material preserved, more need for someone who decides what matters and guarantees its authenticity. Description automates; appraisal does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Organize records and classification systems", "exposure": 64, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare document descriptions", "exposure": 72, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Preserve records in digital formats", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Authenticate and appraise materials", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Collection management", "Preservation methods", "Research", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Description work automates", "Appraisal and provenance persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Digital Collections Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own digitization pipelines", "Set metadata standards", "Audit AI-generated descriptions" ] }, { "title": "Records and Information Governance Analyst", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn retention schedule law", "Map corporate records flows", "Build compliance checklists" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/archivists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/archivists.json" } }, { "slug": "curators", "title": "Curators", "soc": "25-4012", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$63,420", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12150, "blsSoc": "25-4012" }, "employment": "Museum leadership role combining scholarship and operations", "education": "Master's degree typical", "summary": "AI cataloging and image recognition accelerate collection documentation and research. Exhibition design, acquisition judgment, authentication, and the public storytelling of a museum keep curatorial work scholarly and human-led.", "caveat": "The catalog layer automates while the interpretive layer does not: choosing what an exhibition says, negotiating loans, and authenticating acquisitions require expertise and relationships that software supports but cannot perform.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan and design exhibitions", "exposure": 38, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain cataloging and record systems", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Research and authenticate acquisitions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Negotiate loans and manage collections", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Collection management", "Exhibition design", "Research", "Grant writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Cataloging automates", "Interpretation and acquisition judgment endure" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Digital Curator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own digital collection strategy", "Evaluate AI cataloging quality", "Build online exhibitions" ] }, { "title": "Museum Director Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden into operations and fundraising", "Lead board relationships", "Own institutional strategy" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/curators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/curators.json" } }, { "slug": "special-education-assistants", "title": "Teaching Assistants, Special Education", "soc": "25-9043", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$36,430", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Special education support role with acute district shortages", "education": "Some college or associate degree common", "summary": "Supporting students with disabilities means one-on-one presence: behavior support, mobility assistance, daily-living instruction, and implementing IEP accommodations. No software provides the patient, physical, relational support these students need.", "caveat": "Districts cannot hire enough special education paraprofessionals, and the work's core — de-escalating a meltdown, guiding a wheelchair transfer, reinforcing a communication skill — is irreducibly human. Documentation tools only lighten the clerical load.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 74, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Provide one-on-one student support", "exposure": 12, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 24, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Implement behavior and therapy regimens", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Support daily living and mobility needs", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record performance and progress data", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Behavior support", "Student support", "Patience and reliability", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Severe staffing shortage", "IEP-driven demand is legally anchored" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Special Education Teacher", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 182, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Enter a teacher preparation program", "Complete student teaching in special education", "Pass licensure exams" ] }, { "title": "Behavior Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Earn RBT certification", "Learn applied behavior analysis basics", "Document behavior data systematically" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/special-education-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/special-education-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "nursing-instructors", "title": "Nursing Instructors and Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1072", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$80,250", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 77960, "blsSoc": "25-1072" }, "employment": "Clinical education role rationing the nursing pipeline", "education": "Master's or doctoral degree in nursing plus clinical experience", "summary": "Nursing schools turn away qualified applicants because they lack clinical instructors. Lecture content is augmentable, but supervising students at actual bedsides — correcting technique, evaluating clinical judgment — requires a practicing clinician's presence.", "caveat": "The faculty shortage caps nursing school enrollment, making this one of the most demand-secure education roles. AI changes lecture preparation and simulation design, not the clinical supervision that accreditation requires.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise clinical and laboratory work", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Deliver lectures on nursing topics", "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate clinical and written work", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare course materials", "exposure": 66, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical supervision", "Curriculum design", "Student assessment", "Patient care expertise" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Faculty shortage caps enrollment", "Clinical supervision requires presence" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Nursing Program Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn a doctoral degree", "Lead accreditation processes", "Manage clinical placement partnerships" ] }, { "title": "Simulation Lab Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Design simulation scenarios", "Own lab technology", "Measure competency outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/nursing-instructors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/nursing-instructors.json" } }, { "slug": "health-specialties-professors", "title": "Health Specialties Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1071", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$107,310", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 221270, "blsSoc": "25-1071" }, "employment": "Medical and health faculty role with practitioner-educator demand", "education": "Doctoral or professional degree plus clinical practice", "summary": "Teaching future clinicians blends current practice with instruction: lectures and grading augment easily with AI, while laboratory supervision, clinical precepting, and modeling professional judgment for students remain practitioner work.", "caveat": "Health programs expand to meet workforce shortages, and faculty must hold current clinical credentials — a structural limit on substitution. Content delivery automates at the margins; lab and clinic instruction does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver health lectures", "exposure": 54, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Supervise laboratory sessions", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise students on clinical careers", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical expertise", "Curriculum design", "Student assessment", "Laboratory supervision" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Health program expansion drives demand", "Credential requirements limit substitution" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum review", "Manage faculty teams", "Own accreditation outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Clinical Education Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage placement logistics", "Standardize evaluation rubrics", "Adopt AI-assisted teaching tools" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/health-specialties-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/health-specialties-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "law-professors", "title": "Law Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1112", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$128,500", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 20060, "blsSoc": "25-1112" }, "employment": "Legal academia role watching AI transform its own subject", "education": "Law degree plus scholarly record", "summary": "Law professors teach a profession AI is actively disrupting — which makes their subject matter more relevant, not less. Research drafting assists scholarship; Socratic classroom discussion, mentorship, and evaluation of legal reasoning stay human.", "caveat": "AI legal research tools change what students need to learn, pushing faculty toward teaching judgment about AI-assisted work rather than memo production. The classroom and scholarly accountability remain human-led.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Deliver lectures on legal topics", "exposure": 52, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Facilitate classroom discussion", "exposure": 18, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Evaluate papers and oral presentations", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Conduct and publish legal research", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Legal scholarship", "Socratic instruction", "Research", "Student assessment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI raises demand for judgment-focused teaching", "Scholarship and mentorship persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Legal Technology Program Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Design AI-in-law curriculum", "Evaluate legal research tools", "Build practitioner partnerships" ] }, { "title": "Dean of Academic Affairs", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum reform", "Manage faculty governance", "Own bar passage outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/law-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/law-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "preschool-directors", "title": "Education and Childcare Administrators, Preschool and Daycare", "soc": "11-9031", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$59,300", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 73660, "blsSoc": "11-9031" }, "employment": "Early childhood program leadership with licensing accountability", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; state director credentials vary", "summary": "Running a childcare center means licensing compliance, staff management in a high-turnover field, parent trust, and daily operational fires. AI helps with enrollment paperwork and curriculum resources; the center's accountability sits with a person.", "caveat": "Childcare licensing makes the director personally accountable for ratios, safety, and staff qualifications — none of which software assumes. Administrative tools help margins in a thin-margin business without touching the leadership core.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct center staff and programs", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Ensure licensing and safety compliance", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Manage budgets and enrollment", "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Confer with parents and agencies", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Program management", "Licensing compliance", "Staff supervision", "Parent communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Directors are personally accountable for licensing", "High-turnover staffing keeps leadership scarce" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Multi-Site Childcare Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Standardize center operations", "Own enrollment metrics", "Mentor site directors" ] }, { "title": "Early Childhood Program Quality Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn quality rating systems", "Coach centers on compliance", "Document improvement plans" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/preschool-directors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/preschool-directors.json" } }, { "slug": "college-administrators", "title": "Education Administrators, Postsecondary", "soc": "11-9033", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$104,590", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 180470, "blsSoc": "11-9033" }, "employment": "Higher education management navigating AI-era policy", "education": "Master's degree typical; doctorate for senior roles", "summary": "Enrollment analytics, scheduling optimization, and reporting are increasingly automated. Strategic planning, accreditation defense, faculty governance, and setting the institution's own AI-use policies keep administrators in judgment-heavy territory.", "caveat": "Colleges must govern AI in their classrooms, which lands policy design, academic-integrity frameworks, and adoption decisions directly on administrators. The information work automates; the institutional accountability does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct academic and administrative departments", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze enrollment and outcome data", "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare budgets and institutional reports", "exposure": 64, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Represent the institution externally", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Institutional strategy", "Budget management", "Accreditation compliance", "AI policy governance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Reporting automates", "AI governance adds administrative scope" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Provost Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden academic leadership scope", "Lead strategic planning", "Build board-level communication" ] }, { "title": "Institutional Research Director", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own enrollment analytics", "Build outcome dashboards", "Validate AI-generated analyses" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/college-administrators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/college-administrators.json" } }, { "slug": "rehabilitation-counselors", "title": "Rehabilitation Counselors", "soc": "21-1015", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$46,850", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 94740, "blsSoc": "21-1015" }, "employment": "Disability employment counseling role with steady public demand", "education": "Master's degree typical for certification", "summary": "Helping people with disabilities into work means assessing barriers, arranging accommodations, coaching through placements, and advocating with employers. AI matching tools suggest options; the counseling relationship and barrier problem-solving stay human.", "caveat": "Job-matching algorithms struggle with the individualized, constraint-heavy placements this role handles daily. Employer relationships, accommodation negotiation, and sustained client coaching are the occupation's human core.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assess client abilities and needs", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop rehabilitation plans", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coordinate job placements with employers", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain case records and reports", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Vocational assessment", "Case management", "Employer relations", "Accommodation planning" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Matching tools struggle with complex placements", "Public rehabilitation demand is stable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Certified Rehabilitation Counselor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete CRC certification", "Deepen vocational evaluation skills", "Build placement outcome records" ] }, { "title": "Workforce Program Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage caseload teams", "Measure placement outcomes", "Design employer partnership programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/rehabilitation-counselors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/rehabilitation-counselors.json" } }, { "slug": "healthcare-social-workers", "title": "Healthcare Social Workers", "soc": "21-1022", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$67,880", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 187630, "blsSoc": "21-1022" }, "employment": "Hospital and care-transition casework with growing demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree; master's and licensure for clinical roles", "summary": "Discharge planning, crisis intervention, and connecting patients to services happen at the intersection of medicine and messy human lives. Documentation tools reduce paperwork; the assessment of what a patient actually needs at home stays human.", "caveat": "Care coordination software organizes referrals but cannot judge whether an elderly patient's home is safe or mediate a family conflict about care. Hospitals keep adding these roles as readmission penalties grow.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan patient discharges and transitions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Counsel patients through illness and crisis", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Coordinate community resources and referrals", "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Monitor and document client progress", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Care coordination", "Crisis intervention", "Resource navigation", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Readmission penalties drive hiring", "Family and crisis judgment stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Licensed Clinical Social Worker", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete clinical hours", "Pass clinical licensure exam", "Build therapeutic casework" ] }, { "title": "Case Management Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Review discharge plan quality", "Track readmission metrics", "Coach case managers" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/healthcare-social-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/healthcare-social-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "community-health-workers", "title": "Community Health Workers", "soc": "21-1094", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$51,850", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 61660, "blsSoc": "21-1094" }, "employment": "Fast-growing outreach role bridging clinics and communities", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training; certification in some states", "summary": "This role exists because health systems fail to reach people — outreach workers succeed through cultural trust, home visits, and accompaniment to appointments. AI chatbots cannot replicate being a known, trusted presence in a neighborhood.", "caveat": "Health systems are hiring these workers precisely because engagement gaps are human problems. Text reminders and chatbots extend outreach, but the effective ingredient is a person the community already trusts showing up in person.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct outreach and home visits", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Advise communities on health topics", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Connect clients to health services", "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain client records and plans", "exposure": 50, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Community trust building", "Health instruction and outreach", "Resource navigation", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Fastest-growing community health role", "Trust and presence are the product" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Community Health Program Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage outreach teams", "Measure engagement outcomes", "Design screening programs" ] }, { "title": "Public Health Educator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete health education credential", "Build curriculum materials", "Evaluate program outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/community-health-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/community-health-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "clergy", "title": "Clergy", "soc": "21-2011", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$60,810", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 57200, "blsSoc": "21-2011" }, "employment": "Congregational leadership built on trust and presence", "education": "Graduate theological education common; ordination requirements vary", "summary": "AI can write a competent sermon — a novelty that misses the point. Clergy work is hospital visits, grief care, weddings and funerals, crisis response, and the sustained moral presence of a community leader. None of it is delegable to software.", "caveat": "The occupation's pressures are secularization and congregational economics, not automation. Sermon drafting tools save preparation time, but a faith community follows a person whose presence at its worst moments is the job itself.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver sermons", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Counsel individuals through crises", "exposure": 14, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Conduct ceremonies and rites", "exposure": 8, "automation": 1, "augmentation": 16, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Visit and comfort the sick and grieving", "exposure": 8, "automation": 1, "augmentation": 18, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Pastoral counseling", "Public speaking", "Community leadership", "Crisis response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Presence and trust are the occupation", "Content tools only assist preparation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chaplain, Hospital or Military", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete clinical pastoral education", "Earn chaplaincy board certification", "Build institutional care experience" ] }, { "title": "Nonprofit Ministry Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn program management", "Build fundraising skills", "Measure community outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/clergy/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/clergy.json" } }, { "slug": "fire-inspectors", "title": "Fire Inspectors and Investigators", "soc": "33-2021", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$75,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13800, "blsSoc": "33-2021" }, "employment": "Fire prevention and arson investigation role with legal authority", "education": "Fire service experience plus inspector certification", "summary": "AI plan review and sensor data flag potential code issues, but inspectors walk buildings, test systems, and exercise authority to require corrections. Arson investigation adds evidence analysis and courtroom testimony — both human-accountable.", "caveat": "Detection technology identifies risks faster, which increases inspection throughput rather than removing inspectors. Origin-and-cause investigation in burned structures is physical forensic work with legal consequences.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect buildings for code violations", "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Investigate fire causes and collect evidence", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Write inspection and investigation reports", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Testify in court cases", "exposure": 18, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Fire code knowledge", "Evidence collection", "Report writing", "Court testimony" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Detection tech raises inspection throughput", "Investigation and testimony stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fire Marshal", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn senior certifications", "Lead prevention programs", "Manage investigation teams" ] }, { "title": "Fire Protection Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 54, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete engineering coursework", "Learn suppression system design", "Study fire dynamics modeling" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fire-inspectors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fire-inspectors.json" } }, { "slug": "fish-game-wardens", "title": "Fish and Game Wardens", "soc": "33-3031", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$74,060", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 5770, "blsSoc": "33-3031" }, "employment": "Conservation law enforcement in remote terrain", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; academy training required", "summary": "Patrolling lakes, forests, and backcountry to enforce wildlife law is fieldwork no drone completes: checking licenses, investigating poaching, and operating alone in remote areas. Camera traps and tracking data inform patrols the warden still conducts.", "caveat": "Conservation technology extends surveillance coverage, but enforcement requires physical presence, legal authority, and evidence handling. Remote terrain and small agency staffing make this one of the least automatable public safety roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Patrol assigned areas and enforce laws", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Investigate violations and accidents", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Compile evidence for court actions", "exposure": 42, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Protect wildlife and ecosystems", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Field enforcement", "Investigation", "Evidence documentation", "Wildlife law enforcement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Remote fieldwork resists automation", "Conservation demand is stable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Game Warden Captain", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead district patrols", "Manage investigations", "Coordinate with federal agencies" ] }, { "title": "Wildlife Biologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 52, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete biology coursework", "Build field research experience", "Learn population survey methods" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fish-game-wardens/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fish-game-wardens.json" } }, { "slug": "lifeguards", "title": "Lifeguards, Ski Patrol, and Recreational Protective Service Workers", "soc": "33-9092", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$33,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 157550, "blsSoc": "33-9092" }, "employment": "Seasonal protective role with persistent staffing shortages", "education": "Certification required; no degree needed", "summary": "Drowning-detection cameras now watch pools alongside lifeguards — an augmentation that addresses real vigilance limits. Rescue itself — entering water, extracting a person, delivering CPR — is physical response that happens in seconds and stays human.", "caveat": "Detection AI helps scanners catch what tired eyes miss, which facilities deploy to support thin staffing, not replace it. The physical rescue, first aid, and authority to clear a pool remain the job.", "scores": { "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 76, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor swimming areas for distress", "exposure": 28, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Rescue distressed persons", "exposure": 8, "automation": 1, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Administer first aid and CPR", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain records and water quality checks", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 50, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Rescue technique", "Emergency response", "Vigilance", "Physical fitness" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Detection cameras augment vigilance", "Staffing shortages persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Aquatics Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 158, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage facility safety programs", "Train and schedule guards", "Own incident documentation" ] }, { "title": "Emergency Medical Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 48, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Complete EMT certification", "Build medical response skills", "Apply rescue experience to EMS" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/lifeguards/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/lifeguards.json" } }, { "slug": "parking-enforcement", "title": "Parking Enforcement Workers", "soc": "33-3041", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$46,730", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 9050, "blsSoc": "33-3041" }, "employment": "Municipal enforcement role with plate-recognition automation", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "License-plate readers and pay-by-plate systems automate violation detection and citation issuance, making this one of the more automatable protective roles. Physical patrol, confrontation management, and disputed-citation handling keep a reduced human presence.", "caveat": "Automated enforcement is live in many cities, which compresses citation-writing volume first. The remaining work — boots and tows, accessible-space enforcement, contested tickets — requires presence and judgment, but the trend is clearly downward.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Patrol areas for parking compliance", "exposure": 48, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Write warnings and citations", "exposure": 62, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 30, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Enter vehicle and citation data", "exposure": 72, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 34, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Respond to public questions and disputes", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Municipal ordinance compliance", "Field patrol", "Documentation", "Conflict de-escalation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "Plate-recognition automation is live", "Physical enforcement persists at reduced scale" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Parking Operations Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage enforcement zones", "Analyze citation data", "Oversee automated systems" ] }, { "title": "Code Enforcement Officer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn municipal codes", "Practice inspection documentation", "Handle violation hearings" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/parking-enforcement/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/parking-enforcement.json" } }, { "slug": "administrative-law-judges", "title": "Administrative Law Judges, Adjudicators, and Hearing Officers", "soc": "23-1021", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Legal", "medianWage": "$117,860", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 16370, "blsSoc": "23-1021" }, "employment": "Agency adjudication role handling benefits and regulatory hearings", "education": "Law degree; judicial appointment within agencies", "summary": "ALJs decide disability claims, benefits disputes, and regulatory enforcement hearings — high-volume adjudication where due process is legally mandatory. AI research and drafting tools accelerate opinion writing; the hearing and the decision remain human authority.", "caveat": "Unlike trial judges, ALJs work massive claim dockets, which is why agencies experiment with decision-support tools. But claimants have legal rights to a human hearing, and no agency can delegate a benefits denial to a model.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct hearings and decide claims", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Research laws and precedent decisions", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare written opinions and decisions", "exposure": 62, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Review claim documents and evidence", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Administrative legal procedure", "Legal research", "Opinion writing", "Hearing management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Decision-support tools assist dockets", "Due process requires human adjudication" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Administrative Law Judge", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Manage hearing dockets", "Set decision quality standards", "Mentor adjudicators" ] }, { "title": "Appellate Review Attorney", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Review hearing records", "Draft appellate analyses", "Evaluate decision-support tools" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/administrative-law-judges/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/administrative-law-judges.json" } }, { "slug": "correspondence-clerks", "title": "Correspondence Clerks", "soc": "43-4021", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$46,800", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 4290, "blsSoc": "43-4021" }, "employment": "Written-response clerical role in structural decline", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Reading incoming letters, determining their concerns, and composing replies from rules and templates is exactly the workflow generative AI now performs. This is a documented-decline clerical role whose remaining work routes and reviews automated drafts.", "caveat": "Form-letter response work was already template-driven before AI; generative drafting removes most of the remaining human writing. The practical move is toward exception handling, claims work, or customer operations, not waiting for volume to return.", "scores": { "exposure": 88, "automation": 74, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 80, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 68 }, "riskBand": "very_high", "riskLabel": "Very High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compose reply letters from templates", "exposure": 90, "automation": 78, "augmentation": 16, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Read and route incoming correspondence", "exposure": 84, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 22, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Gather and attach supporting records", "exposure": 74, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Explain rules and resolve complaints", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Business writing", "Records retrieval", "Complaint resolution", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Generative drafting absorbs the core task", "Exception routing keeps a small human tier" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Claims Resolution Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own complex complaint queues", "Learn claims documentation", "Track resolution metrics" ] }, { "title": "Customer Operations Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Manage correspondence workflows", "Audit AI-drafted replies", "Document escalation rules" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/correspondence-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/correspondence-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "library-assistants", "title": "Library Assistants, Clerical", "soc": "43-4121", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$36,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 85520, "blsSoc": "43-4121" }, "employment": "Library clerical role with self-checkout and digital-collection pressure", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Checkouts, renewals, fines, and routine inquiries are handled by self-service kiosks and online accounts. Shelving, patron technology help, program support, and branch operations keep assistants present but with a changing task mix.", "caveat": "Circulation transactions are the most automated slice and continue shrinking. Assistants who build programming, technology-help, and community-service skills follow where library demand is actually moving.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Process circulation transactions", "exposure": 80, "automation": 64, "augmentation": 22, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Sort and shelve materials", "exposure": 40, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Answer routine patron inquiries", "exposure": 66, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 42, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Support programs and equipment help", "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Library systems", "Patron assistance", "Records accuracy", "Program support" ], "marketSignals": [ "High automation pressure on transactions", "Patron tech help demand grows", "Programming skills open better roles" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Library Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Complete a library technology program", "Learn cataloging systems", "Own program delivery" ] }, { "title": "Branch Operations Assistant", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Manage branch schedules", "Support digital services", "Track usage statistics" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/library-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/library-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "freight-agents", "title": "Cargo and Freight Agents", "soc": "43-5011", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$52,260", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 97670, "blsSoc": "43-5011" }, "employment": "Freight booking role pressured by digital freight platforms", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Rate quoting, booking, and shipment documentation are precisely what digital freight marketplaces and AI quoting tools automate. Complex shipments, customs issues, and carrier problem-solving keep experienced agents valuable in brokerage operations.", "caveat": "Standard full-truckload booking is increasingly platform-executed. Agents who handle customs, oversized, hazmat, or multi-modal exceptions — and who own carrier relationships — retain leverage the spot-quote workflow lacks.", "scores": { "exposure": 76, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 66, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 65 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Quote rates and book shipments", "exposure": 84, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 26, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare shipping documentation", "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Track shipments and resolve issues", "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coordinate carriers and customers", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Freight systems", "Rate negotiation", "Customs documentation", "Exception resolution" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Digital freight platforms absorb spot booking", "Complex shipment handling stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Customs Brokerage Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Study customs regulations", "Learn entry documentation", "Practice compliance review" ] }, { "title": "Carrier Sales Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own carrier relationships", "Analyze lane profitability", "Negotiate capacity contracts" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/freight-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/freight-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "meter-readers", "title": "Meter Readers, Utilities", "soc": "43-5041", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$48,150", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 19430, "blsSoc": "43-5041" }, "employment": "Utility field role being eliminated by smart meters", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Advanced metering infrastructure reads consumption remotely and continuously, removing the reason this job exists. This is one of the clearest documented technology-displacement cases: remaining work is inspection, tampering checks, and meter maintenance.", "caveat": "AMI deployment is the displacement driver, and it is nearly complete in many utilities — a rare case where the end state is visible. Field inspection, theft detection, and service connection work offer the practical bridge within utilities.", "scores": { "exposure": 78, "automation": 66, "augmentation": 20, "displacementPressure": 76, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Read meters and record consumption", "exposure": 86, "automation": 76, "augmentation": 10, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Walk or drive reading routes", "exposure": 52, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 12, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect meters for damage and tampering", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Connect and disconnect service", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 38, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Route work", "Field inspection", "Utility systems", "Customer contact" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Smart meter deployment is the documented cause", "Field service roles offer the bridge" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Utility Field Service Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Learn service connection work", "Practice leak and fault detection", "Document field repairs" ] }, { "title": "Smart Grid Field Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Install and commission smart meters", "Troubleshoot AMI network issues", "Validate remote reading data" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/meter-readers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/meter-readers.json" } }, { "slug": "mail-sorters", "title": "Postal Service Mail Sorters, Processors, and Processing Machine Operators", "soc": "43-5053", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$58,470", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 105200, "blsSoc": "43-5053" }, "employment": "Postal processing role transformed by sorting automation", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Optical character readers and barcode sorters already process nearly all letter mail automatically — this occupation lives inside the machine. The remaining work is operating equipment, clearing jams, and hand-sorting odd-sized or unreadable items.", "caveat": "Sorting automation is mature rather than emerging: machines do the sorting and humans tend the machines. Employment decline is driven by that automation plus falling mail volume, making this a documented long-run contraction case.", "scores": { "exposure": 74, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 18, "displacementPressure": 70, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate sorting and scanning equipment", "exposure": 66, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 18, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Hand-sort odd-sized and rejected mail", "exposure": 46, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Clear equipment jams", "exposure": 38, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Bundle and route sorted mail", "exposure": 58, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Equipment operation", "Physical reliability", "Route and address knowledge", "Safety procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Sorting machines are the default", "Exception handling keeps a small workforce" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Mail Processing Equipment Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn sorter maintenance", "Study electromechanical systems", "Document equipment failures" ] }, { "title": "Distribution Center Associate", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "1-2", "actions": [ "Transfer sorting experience to parcel operations", "Learn warehouse systems", "Build scanner workflow speed" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mail-sorters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mail-sorters.json" } }, { "slug": "desktop-publishers", "title": "Desktop Publishers", "soc": "43-9031", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$55,290", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3350, "blsSoc": "43-9031" }, "employment": "Print production role in long structural decline", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or associate degree common", "summary": "Layout software democratized this role decades ago, and AI layout and template generation now produce publishable pages from raw content. Print production judgment, prepress accuracy, and brand-critical design remain, but employment keeps contracting.", "caveat": "This is one of the occupations desktop software and now AI have progressively absorbed. The surviving niche is production-critical documents and prepress QA — a small, shrinking specialty best treated as a bridge into design operations.", "scores": { "exposure": 86, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 74, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 67 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Lay out pages with publishing software", "exposure": 86, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Position text and art elements", "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Prepare camera-ready production files", "exposure": 72, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Review proofs for accuracy", "exposure": 60, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Layout software", "Prepress standards", "Typography", "Design QA" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Occupation in long decline", "Design operations offers the exit" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Production Designer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move into digital asset production", "Build a design-system portfolio", "Learn brand QA workflows" ] }, { "title": "Content Operations Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own publishing workflows", "Audit AI-generated layouts", "Maintain template libraries" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/desktop-publishers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/desktop-publishers.json" } }, { "slug": "statistical-assistants", "title": "Statistical Assistants", "soc": "43-9111", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$50,330", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 4710, "blsSoc": "43-9111" }, "employment": "Data compilation role absorbed by analytics software", "education": "High school diploma plus spreadsheet proficiency", "summary": "Compiling statistics, coding data for entry, and producing report charts are exactly what analytics tools and AI now do from raw data. Verification of source data and survey logistics remain, but the role is a clear automation-archetype.", "caveat": "The occupation's routine core — compute, compile, chart — is fully within current tool capability. Assistants who move from compiling data to checking and explaining it, or into analyst-track roles, preserve the most value.", "scores": { "exposure": 84, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 76, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compute and compile statistics", "exposure": 86, "automation": 72, "augmentation": 26, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Enter and code data for analysis", "exposure": 88, "automation": 76, "augmentation": 18, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Compile report charts and graphs", "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Verify source data accuracy", "exposure": 58, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Spreadsheet analysis", "Data accuracy", "Report compilation", "Survey administration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very high substitution pressure", "Analytics tools absorb compilation", "Data verification offers the bridge" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Data Quality Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own source-data validation", "Build error-tracking dashboards", "Document coding rules" ] }, { "title": "Research Data Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage survey logistics", "Clean incoming datasets", "Support analysis teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/statistical-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/statistical-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "interviewers", "title": "Interviewers, Except Eligibility and Loan", "soc": "43-4111", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$45,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 148060, "blsSoc": "43-4111" }, "employment": "Survey and intake interviewing role with voice-AI exposure", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Scripted survey and intake interviewing is a direct target for AI voice agents, which can administer questionnaires at unlimited scale. Probing inconsistent answers, maintaining response rates, and handling sensitive interviews keep some human interviewers.", "caveat": "Research shows respondents disclose differently to bots than to people, which matters for sensitive surveys. But routine data collection is shifting to automated channels, and the role's volume is highest exactly where scripting is tightest.", "scores": { "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 70, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 66 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer scripted interviews", "exposure": 84, "automation": 68, "augmentation": 20, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Record and code responses", "exposure": 78, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 24, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Clarify inconsistent answers", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Verify data completeness", "exposure": 62, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Interview technique", "Data accuracy", "Respondent relations", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Voice AI administers routine surveys", "Sensitive interviewing stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Research Interviewer Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Manage interviewer teams", "Audit response quality", "Handle refusal conversions" ] }, { "title": "Patient Intake Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Learn healthcare intake rules", "Practice insurance verification", "Document complex cases" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/interviewers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/interviewers.json" } }, { "slug": "office-support-supervisors", "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Office and Administrative Support Workers", "soc": "43-1011", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$69,500", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1436680, "blsSoc": "43-1011" }, "employment": "Clerical leadership role managing a shrinking workforce layer", "education": "High school diploma plus office experience", "summary": "AI absorbs the clerical work these supervisors assign, which changes the job from supervising keystrokes to supervising exception queues, quality, and hybrid human-AI workflows. Scheduling and reporting automate; coaching and escalation judgment do not.", "caveat": "The role does not vanish with the clerks — it changes shape. Supervisors who learn to run quality review over automated output and handle the complex residue become more valuable; those managing only volume decline with it.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise office staff and quality", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare schedules and assignments", "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve escalated complaints", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Review records and prepare reports", "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Staff supervision", "Quality review", "Escalation handling", "Reporting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Role shifts to AI-output supervision", "Coaching and escalation stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Office Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own workflow redesign", "Manage automation quality metrics", "Lead hybrid team operations" ] }, { "title": "Administrative Services Manager", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Broaden into facilities and vendor scope", "Build budget ownership", "Lead policy implementation" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/office-support-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/office-support-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "fundraising-managers", "title": "Fundraising Managers", "soc": "11-2033", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$125,470", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 38810, "blsSoc": "11-2033" }, "employment": "Nonprofit revenue leadership with donor-analytics tooling", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI donor research, appeal drafting, and campaign analytics compress the production side of fundraising. Major-gift relationships, event leadership, board coordination, and the credibility of the ask keep fundraising management human-led.", "caveat": "Donor cultivation at scale is increasingly software-assisted, but significant gifts close through trust built over years. Managers who direct analytics-driven programs while owning key relationships outperform both extremes.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop fundraising strategies and plans", "exposure": 52, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Research and identify potential donors", "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Build donor and community relationships", "exposure": 24, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Direct campaigns and special events", "exposure": 32, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Donor strategy", "Relationship building", "Campaign analytics", "Grant writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Donor research tools are standard", "Major gifts stay relationship-driven" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Development", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own revenue strategy", "Build a major gifts portfolio", "Lead board fundraising" ] }, { "title": "Nonprofit Executive Director Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden into program and operations", "Lead strategic planning", "Deepen funder relationships" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fundraising-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fundraising-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "facilities-managers", "title": "Facilities Managers", "soc": "11-3013", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$106,660", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 156180, "blsSoc": "11-3013" }, "employment": "Building operations leadership with smart-building tooling", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Smart-building sensors, predictive maintenance, and space-utilization analytics automate facilities information work. Vendor negotiation, renovation oversight, safety compliance, and accountability for physical buildings keep the role human-anchored.", "caveat": "Building management systems surface problems earlier and reduce routine inspection rounds, which lets one manager cover more space. The physical accountability — roofs, boilers, code compliance, emergencies — still requires an owner.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Oversee maintenance and repair programs", "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Manage budgets and contracts", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Ensure safety and regulatory compliance", "exposure": 38, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Coordinate construction and renovation", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Building operations", "Vendor management", "Budget management", "Safety compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Smart buildings extend manager reach", "Physical accountability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Facilities", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own multi-site portfolios", "Lead capital planning", "Adopt building analytics" ] }, { "title": "Sustainability Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn energy benchmarking", "Run retrofit programs", "Report emissions metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/facilities-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/facilities-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "purchasing-managers", "title": "Purchasing Managers", "soc": "11-3061", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$148,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 84320, "blsSoc": "11-3061" }, "employment": "Procurement leadership with e-sourcing automation", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI sourcing platforms automate supplier discovery, price comparison, and bid analysis. Category strategy, high-stakes negotiation, supplier risk management, and internal stakeholder alignment keep purchasing leadership human-led.", "caveat": "Transactional procurement automated first; the manager's remaining value is strategic: knowing which suppliers fail under stress, when to dual-source, and how to structure multi-year agreements. Those judgments resist automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop purchasing policies and procedures", "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Negotiate supplier contracts", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze vendor bids and performance", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct buying staff and workflows", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Strategic sourcing", "Contract negotiation", "Supplier management", "Procurement analytics" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Sourcing platforms absorb transactions", "Strategy and negotiation endure" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Procurement Officer Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden category scope", "Lead supply risk programs", "Build executive strategy skills" ] }, { "title": "Supply Chain Director", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Extend into logistics and planning", "Own end-to-end metrics", "Lead S&OP processes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/purchasing-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/purchasing-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "compensation-benefits-managers", "title": "Compensation and Benefits Managers", "soc": "11-3111", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$149,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 22940, "blsSoc": "11-3111" }, "employment": "Total rewards leadership amid pay-transparency expansion", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Benchmarking platforms and AI pay analysis automate the data layer of compensation management. Pay philosophy, executive compensation design, compliance with fast-changing transparency laws, and negotiation with benefits vendors keep the role strategic.", "caveat": "Pay-transparency legislation keeps multiplying compliance work, and mispriced pay programs create legal and retention risk. The data work automates; the judgment about what to pay, and defending it, does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design compensation and benefits programs", "exposure": 46, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Analyze wage rates and regulations", "exposure": 64, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Administer benefit programs and vendors", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 60, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Advise management on pay policy", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Pay program design", "Regulatory compliance", "Benefits negotiation", "HR analytics" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Benchmarking data is commoditized", "Transparency laws expand accountability" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Human Resources Officer Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden into full HR scope", "Lead workforce strategy", "Build executive communication" ] }, { "title": "Total Rewards Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own pay equity programs", "Lead transparency compliance", "Design executive compensation" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/compensation-benefits-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/compensation-benefits-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "training-development-managers", "title": "Training and Development Managers", "soc": "11-3131", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$133,000", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 48050, "blsSoc": "11-3131" }, "employment": "Learning leadership role managing AI course generation", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI generates course drafts, quizzes, and learning paths in hours, collapsing course-production cost. Learning strategy, needs analysis with executives, program evaluation, and change management keep training leadership human-accountable.", "caveat": "When content is nearly free, the manager's value moves to deciding what the workforce actually needs and proving programs work. Managers who govern AI-generated content quality and measure capability outcomes gain scope.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze training needs with management", "exposure": 44, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop programs and materials", "exposure": 68, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate program effectiveness", "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct instructors and training staff", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Learning strategy", "Needs analysis", "Program evaluation", "AI content governance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Course production is automating", "Strategy and measurement are durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Learning Officer Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Own enterprise learning strategy", "Build skills taxonomies", "Lead AI learning adoption" ] }, { "title": "Organizational Development Director", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Lead change programs", "Run engagement diagnostics", "Design leadership pipelines" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/training-development-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/training-development-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "social-service-managers", "title": "Social and Community Service Managers", "soc": "11-9151", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$80,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 209330, "blsSoc": "11-9151" }, "employment": "Nonprofit program leadership with grant-driven demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Grant reporting, outcome dashboards, and program documentation are increasingly AI-assisted. Community needs assessment, funder relationships, frontline staff leadership, and accountability for vulnerable populations keep the role human-led.", "caveat": "The administrative burden of nonprofit management — reports, compliance, budgets — is exactly what automation relieves. The role's core is judgment about programs serving people, which funders and communities hold a person accountable for.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct program staff and volunteers", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare budgets and reports", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Evaluate program quality and outcomes", "exposure": 46, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Build agency and community relationships", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Program management", "Grant reporting", "Community relations", "Outcome measurement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Reporting automation reduces admin load", "Community accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Executive Director, Nonprofit", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden into fundraising and boards", "Lead strategic planning", "Own financial stewardship" ] }, { "title": "Director of Programs", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage multi-program portfolios", "Standardize outcome metrics", "Mentor program managers" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/social-service-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/social-service-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "labor-relations-specialists", "title": "Labor Relations Specialists", "soc": "13-1075", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$95,420", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 64810, "blsSoc": "13-1075" }, "employment": "Union-relations role with renewed organizing activity", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Contract analysis, case-law research, and proposal drafting are strongly AI-augmentable. Negotiating at the bargaining table, investigating grievances, and reading what a union will actually accept remain deeply human negotiation work.", "caveat": "The research and drafting layers of labor relations compress with AI tools, but bargaining is adversarial human judgment where trust and timing decide outcomes. Grievance and arbitration work keeps specialists close to the process.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft contract proposals and letters", "exposure": 70, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Research case law and precedents", "exposure": 66, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Negotiate collective bargaining agreements", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Investigate and evaluate grievances", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Contract negotiation", "Labor law research", "Grievance investigation", "Report writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Research and drafting augment", "Bargaining table judgment persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Labor Relations", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead negotiation strategy", "Own grievance programs", "Advise executive leadership" ] }, { "title": "Labor Arbitrator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Join arbitration rosters", "Build a decision-writing record", "Deepen contract interpretation expertise" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/labor-relations-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/labor-relations-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "fundraisers", "title": "Fundraisers", "soc": "13-1131", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$72,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 111040, "blsSoc": "13-1131" }, "employment": "Development role with AI-assisted donor outreach", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI writes appeal letters, segments donor lists, and scores prospects — the production layer of fundraising. Securing major gifts, building sponsor relationships, and representing a cause credibly remain relationship work.", "caveat": "Mass solicitations are becoming automated end-to-end, which pressures event and direct-mail-heavy roles. Fundraisers who own a portfolio of significant donor relationships are insulated because gifts follow trust, not copy.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Solicit donations and sponsorships", "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Write appeals and grant materials", "exposure": 76, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Research potential donors", "exposure": 68, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Manage fundraising events and campaigns", "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Donor relations", "Persuasive writing", "Prospect research", "Event management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Mass outreach is automating", "Relationship fundraising holds value" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Major Gifts Officer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build a major donor portfolio", "Practice solicitation conversations", "Track cultivation pipelines" ] }, { "title": "Grant Writer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Master proposal requirements", "Build a funded-grant record", "Direct AI-drafted proposal review" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fundraisers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fundraisers.json" } }, { "slug": "credit-counselors", "title": "Credit Counselors", "soc": "13-2071", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$52,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 27770, "blsSoc": "13-2071" }, "employment": "Consumer debt counseling role with AI budgeting competition", "education": "Bachelor's degree common; certification available", "summary": "AI budgeting apps analyze spending and generate repayment plans for free, compressing the advisory commodity layer. Hardship negotiation with creditors, housing-crisis counseling, and emotionally fraught debt situations keep human counselors relevant.", "caveat": "Apps handle the math of debt repayment well. Counselors remain valuable where the situation is behavioral or adversarial: avoiding foreclosure, negotiating concessions, and rebuilding financial habits with accountability.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assess client financial situations", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Create debt management plans", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Negotiate with creditors", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Educate clients on financial topics", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Financial assessment", "Creditor negotiation", "Debt counseling", "Client education" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Budgeting apps absorb routine advice", "Hardship negotiation stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Housing Counselor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Earn HUD counseling certification", "Learn foreclosure prevention programs", "Build lender relationships" ] }, { "title": "Financial Wellness Program Manager", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Design employer wellness programs", "Measure participant outcomes", "Evaluate AI budgeting tools" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/credit-counselors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/credit-counselors.json" } }, { "slug": "tax-examiners", "title": "Tax Examiners and Collectors, and Revenue Agents", "soc": "13-2081", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$62,370", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 56610, "blsSoc": "13-2081" }, "employment": "Government tax administration role with audit-algorithm adoption", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "The government side of tax: reviewing returns, flagging discrepancies, and collecting delinquent accounts. Audit-selection algorithms and automated notices handle the volume; examiners keep the disputed, complex, and negotiated cases.", "caveat": "Unlike preparers, examiners work for the revenue authority — and agencies already use AI to select returns and send notices. Human examiners concentrate on contested examinations where judgment and legal process matter.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 56, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Review returns for discrepancies", "exposure": 74, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain case records and actions", "exposure": 70, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Confer with taxpayers to resolve issues", "exposure": 40, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Notify taxpayers of underpayment", "exposure": 66, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Tax law knowledge", "Case review", "Taxpayer negotiation", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "Audit algorithms select and notify", "Contested examinations stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Revenue Agent, Complex Examination", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Specialize in business examinations", "Learn forensic review methods", "Handle appeals cases" ] }, { "title": "Tax Compliance Analyst", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move to taxpayer-side compliance", "Audit automated filings", "Manage controversy workflows" ] } ], "sources": [ "wef-2025", "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tax-examiners/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tax-examiners.json" } }, { "slug": "title-examiners", "title": "Title Examiners, Abstractors, and Searchers", "soc": "23-2093", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Legal", "medianWage": "$58,650", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 48580, "blsSoc": "23-2093" }, "employment": "Real estate records role with document-AI exposure", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training; some college common", "summary": "Searching liens, mortgages, and deeds to establish clear title is document analysis that AI reads increasingly well. Judgment about encumbrances, resolving defects, and the liability behind title commitments keep certified examination human.", "caveat": "Digitized records plus AI extraction compress the search phase significantly. The residual value is defect resolution and the willingness to stand behind a title commitment — an accuracy-and-liability product, not a search product.", "scores": { "exposure": 78, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine property records and documents", "exposure": 78, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare title encumbrance reports", "exposure": 72, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 64, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Verify document accuracy for registration", "exposure": 64, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Confer with realtors and lenders on problems", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Records research", "Title and records compliance", "Report writing", "Accuracy under deadline" ], "marketSignals": [ "High document exposure", "Search automation is maturing", "Defect resolution and liability persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Title Curative Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own defect resolution queues", "Document clearance procedures", "Audit AI search output" ] }, { "title": "Escrow Officer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn closing procedures", "Study escrow licensing rules", "Manage transaction documentation" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/title-examiners/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/title-examiners.json" } }, { "slug": "auto-damage-appraisers", "title": "Insurance Appraisers, Auto Damage", "soc": "13-1032", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$78,240", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 11560, "blsSoc": "13-1032" }, "employment": "Vehicle appraisal role being reshaped by photo-estimating AI", "education": "Postsecondary training; shop experience valued", "summary": "Photo-estimating AI now generates repair estimates from smartphone images, directly targeting this occupation's core task. Complex structural damage, repair-shop negotiation, and total-loss judgment keep experienced appraisers in the workflow.", "caveat": "This is one of the clearest single-tool displacement stories in insurance: image AI handles standard fender damage estimates. Appraisers who specialize in heavy collision, supplements, and dispute resolution keep the hardest, best-paid work.", "scores": { "exposure": 80, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 66, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine damaged vehicles", "exposure": 52, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 52, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Estimate parts and labor costs", "exposure": 78, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare appraisal forms and recommendations", "exposure": 74, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Negotiate repair costs with shops", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Damage assessment", "Repair cost estimation", "Shop negotiation", "Photo-AI review" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Photo estimating is deployed at scale", "Complex damage keeps human appraisers" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Heavy Collision Estimator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Specialize in structural damage", "Own supplement workflows", "Audit AI estimate accuracy" ] }, { "title": "Claims Adjuster", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Broaden into full claims handling", "Learn policy coverage analysis", "Handle liability investigations" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/auto-damage-appraisers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/auto-damage-appraisers.json" } }, { "slug": "computer-research-scientists", "title": "Computer and Information Research Scientists", "soc": "15-1221", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$140,300", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 37200, "blsSoc": "15-1221" }, "employment": "The occupation that designs AI itself", "education": "Master's or doctoral degree typical", "summary": "AI assists the research workflow — literature review, experiment code, paper drafts — but this is the field creating the technology. Problem formulation, novel method design, and judging whether a result is real keep research scientists scarce and augmentation-led.", "caveat": "The 'AI builds AI' framing is real for routine experimentation, yet the binding constraint in research is taste: which problem matters, which result is trustworthy. That judgment is exactly what the occupation sells.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 78, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 16, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Formulate problems and models", "exposure": 40, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Design experiments and new technology", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 74, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Write and publish research", "exposure": 68, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 78, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Consult on computing needs and systems", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Research design", "Mathematical modeling", "Scientific writing", "AI-assisted experimentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Among the strongest demand profiles tracked", "Frontier judgment is the scarcity" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "AI Research Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own a research agenda", "Mentor research teams", "Evaluate AI-generated experiments" ] }, { "title": "Applied Research Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move methods toward production", "Build evaluation harnesses", "Bridge research and product teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/computer-research-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/computer-research-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "network-support-specialists", "title": "Computer Network Support Specialists", "soc": "15-1231", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$76,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 146190, "blsSoc": "15-1231" }, "employment": "Network operations support with AI-assisted diagnostics", "education": "Associate or bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI diagnostics and automated remediation handle routine connectivity tickets, while cabling, hardware replacement, and multi-site outage triage keep physical and judgment layers. Unlike user helpdesk, this role owns the infrastructure itself.", "caveat": "Ticket deflection removes the simplest calls, concentrating the role on physical layer work and complex failures. Specialists who automate their own runbooks and move toward network engineering stay ahead of the compression.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Troubleshoot network and connectivity problems", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Configure routers and network equipment", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document support activities", "exposure": 64, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Install and repair network cables", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Network troubleshooting", "Equipment configuration", "Documentation", "Cabling and wiring" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI deflects routine tickets", "Physical layer and complex outages persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Network Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn advanced networking certifications", "Design network changes", "Automate configuration workflows" ] }, { "title": "NOC Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own monitoring dashboards", "Triage AI-flagged incidents", "Write escalation runbooks" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/network-support-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/network-support-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "mathematicians", "title": "Mathematicians", "soc": "15-2021", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Computer and Mathematical", "medianWage": "$126,710", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2030, "blsSoc": "15-2021" }, "employment": "Theoretical and applied research role with AI theorem assistance", "education": "Master's or doctoral degree typical", "summary": "AI proof assistants and symbolic tools now contribute to serious mathematics, accelerating computation and conjecture testing. Defining worthwhile problems, judging proof validity, and building new theory keep mathematicians in augmentation territory.", "caveat": "Theorem-proving AI is genuinely impressive and changing research pace, but mathematics advances through problem selection and conceptual judgment — deciding what is true and worth proving remains a human research skill.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 74, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct mathematical research", "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 76, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop models of phenomena", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Perform computations and analysis", "exposure": 66, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Disseminate findings in papers and talks", "exposure": 58, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Mathematical analysis", "Modeling", "Research design", "AI proof tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI proof assistance is real", "Problem selection remains human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Quantitative Researcher", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn financial modeling domains", "Build research code fluency", "Publish applied analyses" ] }, { "title": "Cryptography Researcher", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study cryptographic protocols", "Analyze security proofs", "Prototype new schemes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mathematicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mathematicians.json" } }, { "slug": "computer-hardware-engineers", "title": "Computer Hardware Engineers", "soc": "17-2061", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$161,740", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 76660, "blsSoc": "17-2061" }, "employment": "Chip and systems design role at the center of the AI hardware boom", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI-driven chip design tools now explore layouts and optimize circuits, accelerating design cycles. Prototype testing, hardware-software interface judgment, and accountability for physical silicon keep hardware engineers firmly augmented.", "caveat": "The AI accelerator boom is expanding hardware demand faster than design tools compress it. Design-space exploration automates; verification, physical testing, and the cost of a fabrication mistake keep humans accountable.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design hardware and processors", "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 74, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Build and test prototypes", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 60, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Write functional specifications", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate system requirements with teams", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Hardware design", "Prototype testing", "Specification writing", "AI-assisted design tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI hardware demand is surging", "Verification accountability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "AI Accelerator Architect", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study accelerator architectures", "Model performance tradeoffs", "Evaluate AI design tool output" ] }, { "title": "Hardware Verification Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Build verification testbenches", "Automate regression testing", "Own coverage metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/computer-hardware-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/computer-hardware-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "electronics-engineers", "title": "Electronics Engineers, Except Computer", "soc": "17-2072", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$130,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 96900, "blsSoc": "17-2072" }, "employment": "Device and component design role across industries", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Circuit simulation and AI-assisted design tools accelerate component design and documentation. Prototype debugging, standards compliance, and cross-discipline integration judgment keep electronics engineers augmentation-led.", "caveat": "Design tools absorb schematic and layout drafting, but hardware fails in ways simulation misses — thermal, interference, manufacturing variance. Engineers who own testing and production validation remain necessary.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design electronic components and systems", "exposure": 52, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Test and evaluate project work", "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Prepare documentation and specifications", "exposure": 60, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Inspect equipment for standards conformance", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Circuit design", "Testing and validation", "Standards compliance", "AI-assisted design tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Design drafting is augmenting", "Physical validation is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Embedded Systems Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn firmware development", "Prototype with microcontrollers", "Own hardware-software integration" ] }, { "title": "RF and IoT Systems Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deepen wireless design skills", "Build IoT system experience", "Study regulatory certification" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/electronics-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/electronics-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "materials-engineers", "title": "Materials Engineers", "soc": "17-2131", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$112,860", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 22770, "blsSoc": "17-2131" }, "employment": "Materials development role with AI-accelerated discovery", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI materials discovery predicts candidate compounds and properties, dramatically accelerating the search phase. Laboratory testing, failure analysis, fabrication method judgment, and production supervision keep materials engineers bench-anchored.", "caveat": "Predicted materials must still be made and tested, and failure analysis of real products resists simulation. The role gains a powerful search tool while its validation and manufacturing core stay physical.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Evaluate and select materials for products", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Conduct laboratory tests on materials", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Analyze failure data and develop solutions", "exposure": 42, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Supervise production and testing processes", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Materials science", "Laboratory testing", "Failure analysis", "AI discovery tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI discovery accelerates search", "Lab validation stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Computational Materials Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn materials informatics tools", "Validate AI predictions experimentally", "Build screening pipelines" ] }, { "title": "Semiconductor Process Engineer", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn fab process steps", "Study yield analysis", "Join chip manufacturing teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/materials-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/materials-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "nuclear-engineers", "title": "Nuclear Engineers", "soc": "17-2161", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$133,970", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 15280, "blsSoc": "17-2161" }, "employment": "Highly regulated energy engineering role", "education": "Bachelor's degree; licensure for senior roles", "summary": "Reactor design analysis and safety documentation are increasingly AI-assisted. NRC licensing, safety-case accountability, emergency authority, and plant operations oversight make nuclear engineering one of the most structurally protected technical roles.", "caveat": "Nuclear is the extreme case of the regulatory-constraint pattern: every design change and operating decision passes through licensed human review. Advanced reactor investment is increasing demand while tooling raises analysis productivity.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design nuclear equipment and systems", "exposure": 46, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor facility operations for safety", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Prepare technical and regulatory reports", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Direct plant operations and maintenance", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Reactor systems knowledge", "Safety analysis", "Regulatory compliance", "AI-assisted modeling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Licensing accountability is absolute", "Advanced reactor investment supports demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Nuclear Safety Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own probabilistic risk assessments", "Review AI-assisted analyses", "Document licensing basis" ] }, { "title": "Advanced Reactor Design Engineer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Join next-generation reactor programs", "Learn new licensing frameworks", "Build simulation expertise" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/nuclear-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/nuclear-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "petroleum-engineers", "title": "Petroleum Engineers", "soc": "17-2171", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$144,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 18060, "blsSoc": "17-2171" }, "employment": "Energy extraction engineering with cyclical demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Reservoir simulation, production analytics, and well-placement optimization are heavily AI-assisted. Field operations oversight, completion design judgment, and high-consequence drilling decisions keep petroleum engineers accountable on site.", "caveat": "This occupation's risk profile is dominated by oil-price cycles and energy-transition policy more than AI. Modeling tools raise productivity, but the bigger career variable is commodity demand — plan for cyclicality, not just automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze data to plan well placement", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Supervise well modification programs", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor production and plan improvements", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain drilling and production records", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Reservoir modeling", "Field operations", "Production analysis", "AI-assisted simulation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure from AI", "Commodity cycles drive employment swings", "Modeling tools raise productivity" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Geothermal Energy Engineer", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Transfer subsurface skills to geothermal", "Learn renewable project economics", "Join energy transition projects" ] }, { "title": "Production Data Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 94, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own production dashboards", "Validate AI optimization output", "Model decline curves" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/petroleum-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/petroleum-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "landscape-architects", "title": "Landscape Architects", "soc": "17-1012", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$79,870", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 19600, "blsSoc": "17-1012" }, "employment": "Site design profession with climate-adaptation demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus licensure in most states", "summary": "Generative tools produce planting plans and site renderings quickly, pressuring the visualization layer. Site analysis, drainage and ecology judgment, regulatory approvals, and licensed stamp authority keep landscape architecture distinct.", "caveat": "Unlike building architects, this role's core is living systems: soil, water, plants, and climate. Renderings automate; knowing what survives on a specific site, and stamping plans that must be approved, remain professional judgment.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare site plans and specifications", "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 70, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Create graphic representations of designs", "exposure": 70, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Analyze site conditions and ecology", "exposure": 38, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Confer with clients and public stakeholders", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Site design", "Ecological judgment", "CAD and rendering direction", "Client presentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Rendering is commoditizing", "Site judgment and licensure protect value" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Climate Resilience Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn stormwater modeling", "Design adaptation projects", "Build public-agency portfolio" ] }, { "title": "Urban Designer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Broaden to district-scale planning", "Study zoning frameworks", "Lead public design processes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/landscape-architects/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/landscape-architects.json" } }, { "slug": "surveyors", "title": "Surveyors", "soc": "17-1022", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$75,440", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 50830, "blsSoc": "17-1022" }, "employment": "Licensed measurement profession with drone-era tooling", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus state licensure", "summary": "Drones and photogrammetry capture site data in a fraction of the traditional time, transforming fieldwork economics. Legal boundary determination, certified survey liability, and expert testimony keep licensed surveyors necessary.", "caveat": "Data capture automated; legal determination did not. A surveyor's signature on a boundary has legal consequences, and resolving conflicting deeds and monuments is judgment work no drone performs.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct field surveys and measurements", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 56, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare maps and legal descriptions", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Verify survey data accuracy", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Research records and testify on boundaries", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Precision field measurement", "Legal boundary analysis", "Drone data processing", "Certification accountability" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Drones compress data capture time", "Licensed boundary authority persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Geospatial Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Master GIS platforms", "Process drone imagery", "Build spatial analysis workflows" ] }, { "title": "Surveying Party Chief", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Lead field crews", "Own project quality control", "Manage equipment and schedules" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/surveyors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/surveyors.json" } }, { "slug": "civil-engineering-technicians", "title": "Civil Engineering Technologists and Technicians", "soc": "17-3022", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$64,950", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 68520, "blsSoc": "17-3022" }, "employment": "Infrastructure support role with public investment demand", "education": "Associate degree common", "summary": "Drafting, quantity calculation, and specification documentation are increasingly AI-assisted. Field inspection, materials testing, and site evaluation under an engineer's direction keep technicians grounded in physical verification.", "caveat": "Compared with licensed civil engineers, technicians carry more production-drafting exposure and less signing authority. The resilient work is field-based: inspecting sites, testing materials, and documenting what was actually built.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft detailed drawings and layouts", "exposure": 78, "automation": 54, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Calculate dimensions and material quantities", "exposure": 68, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Inspect sites and evaluate contractor work", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare project reports and documentation", "exposure": 64, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "CAD drafting", "Materials testing", "Field inspection", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Drafting production is automating", "Field verification stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Civil Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 168, "trainingMonths": "24-48", "actions": [ "Complete an engineering degree", "Accumulate design experience", "Plan for FE and PE exams" ] }, { "title": "Construction Materials Testing Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Earn materials testing certifications", "Run lab and field tests", "Document compliance results" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/civil-engineering-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/civil-engineering-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "physicists", "title": "Physicists", "soc": "19-2012", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$172,250", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 20430, "blsSoc": "19-2012" }, "employment": "Fundamental research role with strong AI-augmentation", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "AI accelerates simulation, data analysis, and literature synthesis in physics research. Experiment design, instrumentation, and the judgment to recognize a real discovery — rather than a fit artifact — keep the field firmly augmentation-led.", "caveat": "Physics has absorbed computational revolutions before; each one raised research productivity without reducing the need for physicists. The scarce skills are experimental design and theoretical taste, which AI tools amplify rather than replace.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 74, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct theoretical and experimental research", "exposure": 42, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Analyze experimental data", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 76, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Write research papers and reports", "exposure": 64, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 76, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Design and build research equipment", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Research design", "Mathematical analysis", "Laboratory instrumentation", "AI-assisted simulation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI accelerates analysis workflows", "Experimental judgment is the scarcity" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Quantitative Researcher", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn financial or tech modeling domains", "Build production analysis code", "Publish applied results" ] }, { "title": "Research Program Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own research portfolios", "Lead grant strategy", "Mentor research teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/physicists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/physicists.json" } }, { "slug": "biochemists", "title": "Biochemists and Biophysicists", "soc": "19-1021", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$127,410", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 33830, "blsSoc": "19-1021" }, "employment": "Molecular research role transformed by protein-structure AI", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Protein-structure prediction tools solved a fifty-year problem and changed this field's daily work. Experimental validation, drug development research, and the judgment to know when a predicted structure is wrong keep biochemists essential.", "caveat": "AlphaFold-style tools are the concrete case of AI transforming a science: structure prediction went from years to minutes. Every prediction still requires experimental verification, and the research frontier moved to function, dynamics, and interaction — where human experiments decide.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 74, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design and perform experiments", "exposure": 40, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 70, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Study molecular structures and processes", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Write articles and grant proposals", "exposure": 68, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 76, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Develop drugs and analytical methods", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Experimental design", "Molecular structure analysis", "Scientific writing", "AI structure prediction review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Structure prediction is genuinely transformed", "Validation work grows with predictions" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Computational Biologist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn bioinformatics pipelines", "Validate AI-predicted structures", "Build analysis workflows" ] }, { "title": "Drug Discovery Scientist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Join pharma research teams", "Own assay development", "Lead candidate validation" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/biochemists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/biochemists.json" } }, { "slug": "microbiologists", "title": "Microbiologists", "soc": "19-1022", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$87,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 18940, "blsSoc": "19-1022" }, "employment": "Laboratory science role across health, food, and environment", "education": "Bachelor's degree; advanced degrees for research", "summary": "AI image analysis accelerates organism identification and lab reading. Culture work, contamination investigation, and public-health testing are physical laboratory tasks where technique and judgment determine whether results are trustworthy.", "caveat": "Automated identification systems handle routine reads, but culturing, aseptic technique, and investigating contamination sources remain hands-on. Public health and pharmaceutical quality demand keeps the role stable.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Isolate and culture microorganisms", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Identify organisms with lab instruments", "exposure": 48, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor environmental and food samples", "exposure": 38, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Prepare technical reports", "exposure": 60, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Laboratory technique", "Laboratory identification methods", "Quality control", "Research" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Automated ID systems speed routine reads", "Culture work stays manual" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Microbiology Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build diagnostic lab experience", "Earn specialist certification", "Master molecular methods" ] }, { "title": "Quality Assurance Microbiologist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own contamination control programs", "Audit automated ID results", "Lead sterility investigations" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/microbiologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/microbiologists.json" } }, { "slug": "zoologists", "title": "Zoologists and Wildlife Biologists", "soc": "19-1023", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$76,780", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 18120, "blsSoc": "19-1023" }, "employment": "Field biology role with AI-assisted monitoring", "education": "Bachelor's degree; advanced degrees for research", "summary": "Camera-trap AI and acoustic classifiers process wildlife observations at scale, multiplying what one biologist can monitor. Field surveys, habitat assessment, and management recommendations for specific ecosystems keep the role field-anchored.", "caveat": "AI monitoring tools have made wildlife research dramatically more productive — more data, better coverage — without touching the fieldwork that generates ground truth or the ecological judgment that turns counts into management decisions.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Study animals in natural habitats", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inventory and estimate wildlife populations", "exposure": 42, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Write reports and scientific papers", "exposure": 60, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Advise on conservation and management", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Field research", "Population analysis", "Conservation judgment", "Scientific writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Monitoring AI multiplies research capacity", "Fieldwork and ecology judgment persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Conservation Data Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn remote sensing analysis", "Validate AI species classifiers", "Build population models" ] }, { "title": "Wildlife Program Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Manage habitat programs", "Coordinate agency stakeholders", "Write management plans" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/zoologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/zoologists.json" } }, { "slug": "conservation-scientists", "title": "Conservation Scientists", "soc": "19-1031", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$73,010", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 25950, "blsSoc": "19-1031" }, "employment": "Land management role with climate and wildfire demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "GIS analysis and remote sensing automate much of the mapping and monitoring that once filled field days. Advising landowners, designing conservation practices, and mediating land-use disputes keep scientists in the field and at the table.", "caveat": "Satellite monitoring covers more land than any field crew, which raises the value of the scientists who interpret it and implement practices on actual properties. Wildfire and water pressures are expanding the field's mandate.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan soil and water conservation practices", "exposure": 42, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise landowners on conservation", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Analyze GIS and field data", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Monitor projects for compliance", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Conservation planning", "GIS analysis", "Landowner advising", "Field assessment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Remote sensing extends coverage", "Implementation advice stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Natural Resources Program Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage conservation programs", "Own grant reporting", "Coordinate multi-agency projects" ] }, { "title": "GIS Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Deepen spatial analysis skills", "Automate monitoring workflows", "Build land-use dashboards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/conservation-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/conservation-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "food-scientists", "title": "Food Scientists and Technologists", "soc": "19-1012", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$88,720", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13060, "blsSoc": "19-1012" }, "employment": "Food development role with formulation-AI tooling", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI formulation tools suggest recipes and predict shelf life, accelerating product development cycles. Sensory testing, food safety verification, and regulatory compliance keep scientists in the lab and pilot plant.", "caveat": "Formulation assistance compresses early-stage iteration, but every product must pass physical sensory panels, safety testing, and production trials. Regulatory documentation and quality programs remain human-accountable work.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop new food products", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Test products for safety and quality", "exposure": 40, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect processing for regulatory compliance", "exposure": 38, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Study preservation and processing methods", "exposure": 44, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Product development", "Food safety compliance", "Sensory evaluation", "AI formulation tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Formulation AI speeds iteration", "Safety testing and taste stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Food Safety Quality Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own HACCP programs", "Lead audit preparation", "Audit AI-assisted quality systems" ] }, { "title": "R&D Program Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Manage product pipelines", "Direct AI-assisted formulation", "Present to commercial teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/food-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/food-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "biological-technicians", "title": "Biological Technicians", "soc": "19-4021", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$57,510", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 69620, "blsSoc": "19-4021" }, "employment": "Laboratory support role with bench automation exposure", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Lab automation and AI data analysis cover more of the routine testing and recording that define this role. Sample collection, instrument setup, and experiment monitoring keep technicians needed, but routine bench volume is genuinely compressing.", "caveat": "Higher automation exposure than the scientists they support: pipetting robots and auto-analyzers absorb standardized bench work first. Technicians who master instrument maintenance and data quality stay ahead of the compression.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct standardized tests and analyses", "exposure": 58, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Record experiment and production data", "exposure": 66, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare specimens and samples", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain and troubleshoot lab equipment", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Laboratory testing", "Specimen handling", "Equipment maintenance", "Data recording" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Bench automation absorbs routine volume", "Instrument and quality skills bridge upward" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Laboratory Automation Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn liquid-handling platforms", "Validate automated assay output", "Document method transfers" ] }, { "title": "Research Associate", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deepen experimental design skills", "Own a research workstream", "Build data analysis fluency" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/biological-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/biological-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "dancers", "title": "Dancers", "soc": "27-2031", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$50,000", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8130, "blsSoc": "27-2031" }, "employment": "Embodied performance occupation with live-audience demand", "education": "No formal credential; intensive training from early ages", "summary": "Dance is the human body as the product: audiences pay to watch trained bodies perform live. AI generates choreography concepts and video, but embodiment, stage presence, and live physical artistry cannot be synthesized for a theater audience.", "caveat": "Wage figures here are noisy because most dancers work intermittently. The AI question barely applies to the performance itself; the real career risks are injury and income instability, not automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Perform for live audiences", "exposure": 8, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Train and rehearse technique", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Learn and interpret choreography", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Audition and promote work", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Physical performance", "Choreographic interpretation", "Physical fitness", "Self-promotion" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Live performance is the product", "AI video is a separate medium" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Choreographer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "6-18", "actions": [ "Create and stage original work", "Build a choreographic portfolio", "Direct rehearsal processes" ] }, { "title": "Dance Instructor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 88, "trainingMonths": "2-6", "actions": [ "Develop teaching methodology", "Build a student base", "Document student progress" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/dancers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/dancers.json" } }, { "slug": "choreographers", "title": "Choreographers", "soc": "27-2032", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$55,310", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2860, "blsSoc": "27-2032" }, "employment": "Movement creation role across stage, film, and digital content", "education": "No formal credential; professional dance background typical", "summary": "AI can generate movement sequences and suggest formations, but choreography is made on real bodies in a studio: reading dancers' capabilities, coaching performance quality, and building work that lands with a live audience.", "caveat": "Movement-generation tools assist ideation without replacing studio craft. The occupation's economics are freelance and reputation-driven; the AI question matters less than demand for live and filmed dance content.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Create movement sequences and routines", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Direct rehearsals with dancers", "exposure": 18, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Coach dancers on performance quality", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Plan productions and coordinate teams", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Choreography and movement design", "Studio management", "Performance coaching", "Production coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI assists ideation only", "Studio craft with real bodies persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Artistic Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Curate performance seasons", "Lead creative teams", "Build funding relationships" ] }, { "title": "Movement Director for Film", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Adapt choreography for camera", "Build production relationships", "Coordinate with directors" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/choreographers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/choreographers.json" } }, { "slug": "djs", "title": "Disc Jockeys, Except Radio", "soc": "27-2091", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$40,750", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 7920, "blsSoc": "27-2091" }, "employment": "Event performance role with playlist-automation pressure", "education": "No formal credential; equipment and music knowledge required", "summary": "Automated playlists and AI mixing software handle background music cheaply, compressing the commodity end of DJ work. Reading a live crowd, MC energy, and event pacing keep working DJs booked — the room responds to a person.", "caveat": "Playlist automation has squeezed mobile and background DJ gigs for years; generative music extends it. The resilient work is live events where crowd reading and real-time set adjustment are the performance.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Select and mix music live", "exposure": 42, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Read and energize crowds", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Create event playlists", "exposure": 62, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Manage bookings and client logistics", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Live mixing", "Crowd engagement", "Music library knowledge", "Event coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Playlists automate background gigs", "Live crowd work persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Event Producer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Produce full events beyond music", "Manage vendor logistics", "Build corporate client base" ] }, { "title": "Music Producer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn production software deeply", "Release original tracks", "Build an artist network" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/djs/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/djs.json" } }, { "slug": "radio-announcers", "title": "Broadcast Announcers and Radio Disc Jockeys", "soc": "27-3011", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$47,340", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 21240, "blsSoc": "27-3011" }, "employment": "Broadcast personality role facing synthetic-voice adoption", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI voice cloning is now good enough that stations experiment with synthetic hosts — a direct, concrete displacement case for generic announcing. Local personality, live interviews, and community presence keep human hosts defensible.", "caveat": "Voice cloning is real and deployed, making this one of broadcasting's most exposed roles. What survives is not the voice but the personality: interviews, local knowledge, live events, and an audience that tunes in for a specific person.", "scores": { "exposure": 72, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 58, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Announce programs and read scripts", "exposure": 80, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 30, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Prepare and deliver news and reports", "exposure": 70, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 58, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Interview guests live", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Make promotional public appearances", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "On-air presentation", "Interviewing", "Script delivery", "Audience engagement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "Synthetic voices are in production", "Personality and local trust persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Podcast Host and Producer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Build an owned audience channel", "Produce interview-driven content", "Monetize through multiple streams" ] }, { "title": "Broadcast Producer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn show production", "Book and research guests", "Manage program rundowns" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/radio-announcers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/radio-announcers.json" } }, { "slug": "broadcast-technicians", "title": "Broadcast Technicians", "soc": "27-4012", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$59,570", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 21110, "blsSoc": "27-4012" }, "employment": "Transmission operations role with automation-system adoption", "education": "Associate degree or technical training common", "summary": "Playout automation and IP-based transmission have consolidated master control work — one technician now monitors what once needed several. Emergency repair, signal troubleshooting, and live transmission accountability keep a smaller human crew.", "caveat": "Unlike production-side AV work, this role owns the transmission chain, and automation systems have already compressed it. The durable work is the physical plant: transmitters, emergency failover, and FCC-required logging accountability.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor broadcast signals and quality", "exposure": 62, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Operate automation and control systems", "exposure": 58, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Repair and maintain broadcast equipment", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain FCC programming logs", "exposure": 52, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Transmission systems", "Signal troubleshooting", "FCC compliance", "Equipment repair" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Master control automation is mature", "Physical plant and failover persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Broadcast Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn IP broadcast infrastructure", "Study transmission engineering", "Own facility uptime" ] }, { "title": "Master Control Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own automation playlists", "Manage failover procedures", "Train monitoring staff" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/broadcast-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/broadcast-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "sound-engineers", "title": "Sound Engineering Technicians", "soc": "27-4014", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$73,130", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13080, "blsSoc": "27-4014" }, "employment": "Audio production role with AI mixing tools emerging", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or associate degree common", "summary": "AI mixing, mastering, and noise-cleanup tools now produce competent audio from raw recordings, compressing routine studio work. Live sound mixing, acoustic problem-solving, and producer collaboration on creative mixes keep engineers valuable.", "caveat": "Automated mastering serves the commodity tier; records that matter still get human mixes. Live sound — feedback control, room acoustics, real-time adjustment during a show — has no software substitute.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Mix and edit recorded audio", "exposure": 66, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 68, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Operate live sound equipment", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Set up and test audio systems", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Confer with producers on sound requirements", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Mixing craft", "Live sound", "Acoustic judgment", "AI audio tools" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI mastering covers the commodity tier", "Live and creative mixing persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Live Sound Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Build concert mixing experience", "Master system tuning", "Manage venue audio operations" ] }, { "title": "Audio Post-Production Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Direct AI-assisted mix workflows", "Own delivery quality standards", "Manage post-production teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/sound-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/sound-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "lighting-technicians", "title": "Lighting Technicians", "soc": "27-4015", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$68,060", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8900, "blsSoc": "27-4015" }, "employment": "Live and studio production role with physical rigging core", "education": "Technical training or on-the-job experience", "summary": "Lighting control software automates cue execution and effects programming, but rigging, focusing, and adapting to venues are physical work done at height with real electricity. The console runs the show; humans build and focus it.", "caveat": "Automation handles playback, not installation. Every venue is different, fixtures must be rigged and focused by hand, and safety-critical rigging accountability keeps technicians on every production.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Rig and focus lighting equipment", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Program and run lighting cues", "exposure": 48, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Maintain and repair fixtures", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Coordinate with directors on looks", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Rigging and electrical safety", "Console programming", "Design collaboration", "Equipment maintenance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Control software automates playback", "Physical rigging stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lighting Designer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build a design portfolio", "Assist established designers", "Learn design software deeply" ] }, { "title": "Master Electrician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own rigging safety", "Manage lighting crews", "Lead power distribution planning" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/lighting-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/lighting-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "floral-designers", "title": "Floral Designers", "soc": "27-1023", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$37,360", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 40590, "blsSoc": "27-1023" }, "employment": "Handcraft design role in retail and events", "education": "No formal credential; on-the-job training", "summary": "AI can generate arrangement concepts and online ordering automates the sales layer, but floral design is handwork with perishable materials: cutting, conditioning, and arranging flowers for a specific event on a deadline.", "caveat": "Ecommerce compressed retail flower shops more than AI will. The durable work is event floristry — weddings and installations where a designer interprets a venue and a client's vision with fresh materials.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Arrange bouquets and displays by hand", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Plan arrangements with clients", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Order and condition flowers", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Manage shop records and sales", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Hand arrangement craft", "Client consultation", "Perishable inventory management", "Event production" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Online ordering changed retail, not events", "Handwork with perishables persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Event Floral Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Build a wedding portfolio", "Price installations accurately", "Develop planner relationships" ] }, { "title": "Floral Shop Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn retail operations", "Build event revenue mix", "Manage perishable inventory" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/floral-designers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/floral-designers.json" } }, { "slug": "set-designers", "title": "Set and Exhibit Designers", "soc": "27-1027", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$75,240", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 10630, "blsSoc": "27-1027" }, "employment": "Production design role across film, theater, and museums", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Generative rendering produces set concepts and visualizations in minutes, compressing the drafting layer. Reading scripts for requirements, designing to physical budgets, and coordinating real construction keep designers accountable for what gets built.", "caveat": "Concept imagery is cheap now; a set must still be built, fit the stage, survive the show, and serve camera angles. Designers who own construction coordination and production constraints hold value beyond the concept image.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop set designs from scripts", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare renderings and working drawings", "exposure": 72, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Direct set construction and installation", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Coordinate with lighting, sound, and production", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Design development", "CAD and rendering direction", "Construction coordination", "Budget estimation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Concept rendering is commoditizing", "Buildability judgment is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Production Designer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build film design credits", "Lead art departments", "Own visual storytelling" ] }, { "title": "Exhibit Project Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage fabrication budgets", "Coordinate installation logistics", "Track exhibit timelines" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/set-designers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/set-designers.json" } }, { "slug": "craft-artists", "title": "Craft Artists", "soc": "27-1012", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$46,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 4580, "blsSoc": "27-1012" }, "employment": "Handmade-object occupation with maker-market demand", "education": "No formal credential; studio training typical", "summary": "Pottery, glass, fiber, and wood craft is handwork producing physical objects — the opposite of generatable content. AI affects marketing and design ideation; the object's handmade origin is precisely what buyers pay for.", "caveat": "Craft occupies the inverse position of digital art: the more generated content floods screens, the more handmade physical objects differentiate. The career risks are income and materials economics, not automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Create objects by hand", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Develop concepts and designs", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Select and prepare materials", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Market and sell work", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Handcraft technique", "Material knowledge", "Design development", "Self-promotion" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Handmade provenance is the product", "AI touches only the marketing layer" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Studio Artist and Brand Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Build a direct sales channel", "Develop a signature line", "Price for production time" ] }, { "title": "Craft Instructor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 96, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Develop workshop curricula", "Teach through studios or schools", "Build a student following" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/craft-artists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/craft-artists.json" } }, { "slug": "fast-food-cooks", "title": "Cooks, Fast Food", "soc": "35-2011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$30,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 641070, "blsSoc": "35-2011" }, "employment": "High-volume standardized kitchen role targeted by automation", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Standardized fry-and-grill lines are exactly where kitchen robotics work: fixed menus, fixed times, fixed portions. Multiple chains run automated fry stations today, making this the most exposed cooking role — though pace, cleaning, and exceptions still need people.", "caveat": "Unlike restaurant cooks, fast food cooking was engineered for standardization, which makes it the automation frontier. Employment persists because robots handle stations, not whole kitchens — but the task mix is genuinely narrowing.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 16, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 80, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Cook standardized items to order", "exposure": 56, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Operate high-volume cooking equipment", "exposure": 44, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 20, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Clean stations and maintain sanitation", "exposure": 30, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 24, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Serve orders at counters and windows", "exposure": 38, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 26, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Speed under pressure", "Food safety", "Station management", "Reliability" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Automated fry stations are deployed", "Full-kitchen automation remains rare" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Restaurant Line Cook", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Learn from-scratch stations", "Build timing across varied menus", "Practice plating standards" ] }, { "title": "Shift Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own shift handoffs", "Track service metrics", "Coach new kitchen staff" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fast-food-cooks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fast-food-cooks.json" } }, { "slug": "food-servers-nonrestaurant", "title": "Food Servers, Nonrestaurant", "soc": "35-3041", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$35,360", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 293900, "blsSoc": "35-3041" }, "employment": "Institutional and counter service role with self-service pressure", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Cafeteria lines, tray delivery, and counter service face self-service kiosks and tray-return automation. Institutional settings — hospitals, schools — keep human servers for special diets, patient needs, and service quality.", "caveat": "Self-service absorbs simple counter transactions fastest. The durable work is institutional service where recipients need assistance: hospital trays, school lunch lines, and care-facility dining.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 76, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Serve food and beverages to patrons", "exposure": 34, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Take and relay food orders", "exposure": 62, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 24, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Monitor special diet delivery", "exposure": 36, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Clean and stock service areas", "exposure": 30, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Customer service", "Food safety", "Physical stamina", "Dietary compliance awareness" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Self-service absorbs counter volume", "Institutional service persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Dietary Aide Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own tray-line quality", "Track diet compliance", "Train service staff" ] }, { "title": "Barista or Counter Lead", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 100, "trainingMonths": "1-2", "actions": [ "Build beverage craft skills", "Own customer flow", "Manage station inventory" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/food-servers-nonrestaurant/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/food-servers-nonrestaurant.json" } }, { "slug": "dishwashers", "title": "Dishwashers", "soc": "35-9021", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$34,810", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 477450, "blsSoc": "35-9021" }, "employment": "Kitchen support role with chronic vacancy rates", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Machine dishwashing exists but handles the easy half: racks of uniform items. Pots, pans, prep equipment, and kitchen cleaning still run through human hands, and restaurants chronically cannot fill this role.", "caveat": "The occupation's reality is a labor shortage, not automation pressure — dish machines have existed for decades and the job persists because kitchens generate endless non-standard cleaning. It remains an entry point into kitchen careers.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 12, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 80, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Wash dishes and kitchen equipment", "exposure": 26, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 12, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Clean kitchen areas and floors", "exposure": 24, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 14, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Stock and store supplies", "exposure": 30, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Assist with basic food preparation", "exposure": 34, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Physical stamina", "Reliability", "Food safety", "Speed under pressure" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Chronic understaffing", "Machines handle racks, not kitchens" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Prep Cook", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Learn knife skills", "Own prep lists", "Practice station sanitation" ] }, { "title": "Kitchen Steward Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Manage cleaning schedules", "Track chemical and supply inventory", "Train new stewards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/dishwashers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/dishwashers.json" } }, { "slug": "hosts-hostesses", "title": "Hosts and Hostesses, Restaurant, Lounge, and Coffee Shop", "soc": "35-9031", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$31,200", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 432690, "blsSoc": "35-9031" }, "employment": "Front-of-house role with reservation-app pressure", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Reservation apps and waitlist software automate the booking ledger that hosts once managed. Greeting, table-read judgment during rushes, guest recovery, and managing the door's human flow keep the role present in full-service dining.", "caveat": "The app took the clipboard, not the greeting. High-volume restaurants keep hosts because seating judgment — balancing sections, reading walk-in flow, handling unhappy waits — is real-time human coordination.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 78, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Manage reservations and waitlists", "exposure": 72, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 30, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Greet and seat guests", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Coordinate with kitchen and servers", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Handle guest concerns at the door", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Guest service", "Seating judgment", "Reservation systems", "Communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Apps absorb the booking ledger", "Rush-time floor judgment persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Server", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "1-2", "actions": [ "Learn menu and service steps", "Practice upselling", "Handle full table sections" ] }, { "title": "Front-of-House Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Own door and floor coordination", "Track seating metrics", "Train hosts and servers" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/hosts-hostesses/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/hosts-hostesses.json" } }, { "slug": "pest-control-workers", "title": "Pest Control Workers", "soc": "37-2021", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance", "medianWage": "$45,250", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 102620, "blsSoc": "37-2021" }, "employment": "Licensed field service role with steady demand", "education": "High school diploma plus state licensure", "summary": "Inspecting crawl spaces, identifying infestations, and applying treatments is licensed fieldwork in unpredictable structures. Scheduling and monitoring sensors assist; the inspection judgment and chemical application stay human.", "caveat": "Pest monitoring sensors catch activity earlier but still dispatch a technician to treat it. Licensing for pesticide application and the physical access work of inspections keep this among the more automation-resistant service trades.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect premises for infestations", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Apply treatments and set traps", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Recommend prevention methods to clients", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Estimate costs and record work", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Pest assessment", "Chemical safety", "Field inspection", "Customer advising" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Licensed application is required", "Monitoring tech dispatches, not replaces" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Pest Control Branch Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage technician routes", "Own service quality metrics", "Grow commercial accounts" ] }, { "title": "Termite and Structural Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Earn specialty licenses", "Learn structural assessment", "Build inspection certifications" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/pest-control-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/pest-control-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "tree-trimmers", "title": "Tree Trimmers and Pruners", "soc": "37-3013", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance", "medianWage": "$50,960", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 55160, "blsSoc": "37-3013" }, "employment": "Climbing arborist work with storm-response demand", "education": "On-the-job training; certification valued", "summary": "Climbing trees with chainsaws around power lines and houses is among the most physically hazardous and least automatable work there is. Drones assess canopies for estimates; the cutting happens in the tree, by a person.", "caveat": "Assessment drones changed quoting, not climbing. Storm response and utility line clearance keep demand steady, and the occupation's hazards make mechanization genuinely difficult.", "scores": { "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Climb and trim trees", "exposure": 10, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Operate chainsaws and chippers", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect trees for disease and hazards", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Estimate and plan tree work", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Physical climbing and rigging", "Equipment operation", "Hazard assessment", "Safety procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Storm and utility clearance demand", "Hazardous work resists mechanization" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Certified Arborist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn ISA certification", "Learn tree health assessment", "Build consulting estimates" ] }, { "title": "Crew Leader", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Run job-site safety briefings", "Coordinate rigging plans", "Manage crew production" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tree-trimmers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tree-trimmers.json" } }, { "slug": "animal-trainers", "title": "Animal Trainers", "soc": "39-2011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$39,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 18770, "blsSoc": "39-2011" }, "employment": "Behavior training role with pet-industry growth", "education": "No formal credential; certification common", "summary": "Training an animal is a live feedback loop of timing, temperament reading, and trust-building between a human and a dog. AI offers generic training content; the behavior modification session itself is embodied interspecies work.", "caveat": "Pet ownership growth drives demand, and no technology substitutes for the trainer's timing and relationship with an animal. The role's risks are income instability and physical bites, not automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct training programs with animals", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Evaluate animal temperaments", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise owners on behavior and care", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Keep health and behavior records", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Animal behavior assessment", "Animal handling", "Owner coaching", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Pet industry growth supports demand", "Content apps supplement, not substitute" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Certified Behavior Consultant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn behavior certification", "Build aggression case experience", "Document behavior outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Service Dog Trainer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "6-18", "actions": [ "Learn task-training protocols", "Apprentice with assistance dog programs", "Master public access standards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/animal-trainers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/animal-trainers.json" } }, { "slug": "animal-caretakers", "title": "Animal Caretakers", "soc": "39-2021", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$35,360", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 266910, "blsSoc": "39-2021" }, "employment": "Large kennel, shelter, and pet-care workforce", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Feeding, exercising, grooming, and watching animals for illness is daily physical care that owners and shelters pay humans to provide. Booking apps changed how pet care is sold; nothing changed who scoops, walks, and notices a sick dog.", "caveat": "This is physical care work with strong demand from pet ownership growth. The occupation's pressures are wages, not automation — feeders and cameras assist, but animals need hands-on care every day.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Feed, exercise, and care for animals", "exposure": 12, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Observe animals for illness signs", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Clean and maintain animal quarters", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record animal health information", "exposure": 42, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Animal handling", "Health observation", "Physical reliability", "Customer service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Pet ownership growth drives demand", "High wage vulnerability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Veterinary Assistant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Learn clinical restraint", "Assist with procedures", "Study for veterinary technician programs" ] }, { "title": "Pet Care Business Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "2-6", "actions": [ "Build a client book", "Price boarding and daycare services", "Hire reliable staff" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/animal-caretakers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/animal-caretakers.json" } }, { "slug": "gambling-dealers", "title": "Gambling Dealers", "soc": "39-3011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$34,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 83910, "blsSoc": "39-3011" }, "employment": "Casino table role with electronic-game competition", "education": "Dealer training program; state gaming license required", "summary": "Electronic table games and AI surveillance handle game mechanics and integrity monitoring automatically. Live tables persist because players pay for the human game — the dealing ritual, table talk, and trusted handling of real money.", "caveat": "ETGs keep taking floor share at the value end, and surveillance AI watches every hand. The live dealer survives on experience economics — high-limit and social players want a human game — but this is a genuinely narrowing occupation.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Deal cards and run table games", "exposure": 48, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Compute and pay winnings", "exposure": 62, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 26, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Exchange currency and verify wagers", "exposure": 58, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 28, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Engage players and answer questions", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Game rules and compliance", "Cash handling accuracy", "Customer engagement", "Rule compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Electronic tables gain floor share", "Live-game experience retains value players" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Table Games Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 138, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Oversee multiple tables", "Review surveillance flags", "Manage dealer schedules" ] }, { "title": "Casino Cage Cashier Supervisor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Own cash operations accuracy", "Handle high-value transactions", "Track compliance reporting" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/gambling-dealers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/gambling-dealers.json" } }, { "slug": "manicurists-pedicurists", "title": "Manicurists and Pedicurists", "soc": "39-5092", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$35,760", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 152770, "blsSoc": "39-5092" }, "employment": "Nail salon service role with steady personal-care demand", "education": "Postsecondary certificate plus state license", "summary": "Shaping, polishing, and extending nails is detailed handwork on a client's hands — licensed, tactile, and social. Booking apps and design inspiration tools assist the business; the service itself is among the least automatable in the economy.", "caveat": "Like other licensed personal services, the AI question is about the business layer — scheduling, marketing, design previews — rather than the manicure. Sanitation compliance and hand skill anchor the role.", "scores": { "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Shape, polish, and extend nails", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Assess hands and advise on care", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Sanitize tools and work areas", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 26, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Schedule appointments and take payment", "exposure": 52, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 46, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Nail technique", "Client consultation", "Sanitation compliance", "Book management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Licensed handwork resists automation", "Booking tools assist the business layer" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Salon Suite Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 138, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build an independent client book", "Learn booth rental economics", "Market specialty nail services" ] }, { "title": "Esthetics Instructor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn instructor licensure", "Develop technique demonstrations", "Coach student work" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/manicurists-pedicurists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/manicurists-pedicurists.json" } }, { "slug": "skincare-specialists", "title": "Skincare Specialists", "soc": "39-5094", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$45,330", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 72890, "blsSoc": "39-5094" }, "employment": "Esthetics role with med-spa growth", "education": "Postsecondary certificate plus state license", "summary": "AI skin-analysis apps recommend routines from selfies, but facials, peels, waxing, and pre/post-procedure skin care are hands-on licensed treatments. The analysis tool recommends; the esthetician treats.", "caveat": "Diagnostic apps shift product retailing more than treatment. Med-spa growth and collaboration with dermatologists keep hands-on esthetics in demand, with the licensing and touch-based service intact.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Perform facials and skin treatments", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Examine and evaluate skin condition", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Recommend regimens and products", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain client records", "exposure": 48, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Treatment technique", "Skin assessment", "Client consultation", "Sanitation compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Analysis apps shift retail, not treatment", "Med-spa growth supports demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Medical Esthetician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Learn laser and device treatments", "Partner with dermatology practices", "Earn advanced certifications" ] }, { "title": "Spa Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage treatment menus", "Track service revenue", "Lead provider teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/skincare-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/skincare-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "concierges", "title": "Concierges", "soc": "39-6012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$38,950", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 49240, "blsSoc": "39-6012" }, "employment": "High-touch hospitality role with AI concierge competition", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "AI concierges answer routine questions and book standard reservations, absorbing the information layer. The concierge's value is the unusual request: hard-to-get reservations, local relationships, and judgment about what a specific guest will actually love.", "caveat": "Unlike front-desk clerks, concierges sell curated local knowledge and access. Chatbots handle 'where is breakfast'; they cannot get a table at a fully booked restaurant through a relationship, which is where the role's premium lives.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Provide local information and recommendations", "exposure": 64, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 62, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Make reservations and arrange services", "exposure": 60, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Handle unusual and difficult requests", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Build vendor and venue relationships", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Local expertise", "Vendor relationships", "Guest service", "Problem solving" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI covers routine inquiries", "Access and relationships hold premium value" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Guest Experience Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own guest satisfaction metrics", "Design VIP programs", "Lead service teams" ] }, { "title": "Luxury Travel Advisor", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build a high-end client book", "Curate bespoke itineraries", "Develop supplier relationships" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/concierges/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/concierges.json" } }, { "slug": "tour-guides", "title": "Tour Guides and Escorts", "soc": "39-7011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$38,370", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Guided-experience role with audio-app competition", "education": "High school diploma; local expertise required", "summary": "Audio-guide apps and AI-generated commentary cover the information layer of tours. Group management, safety on the move, live storytelling with audience reading, and handling the unexpected keep human guides preferred for real groups.", "caveat": "Self-guided audio substitutes for the simplest walking tours, and that segment shrinks. Guides running multi-day, adventure, or high-stakes groups sell logistics mastery and presence that an app cannot carry.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Describe points of interest to groups", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 62, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Escort groups through sites and routes", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Ensure group safety and compliance", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Research and plan tour content", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Storytelling", "Group management", "Safety leadership", "Local knowledge" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Audio apps take simple tours", "Group leadership and safety persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Tour Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Design tour products", "Manage guide teams", "Track booking and review metrics" ] }, { "title": "Adventure Guide and Outfitter", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Earn wilderness and first-aid certifications", "Build expedition logistics skills", "Develop a specialty destination" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tour-guides/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tour-guides.json" } }, { "slug": "models", "title": "Models", "soc": "41-9012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$48,470", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3780, "blsSoc": "41-9012" }, "employment": "Image-based occupation at the center of generative-imagery disruption", "education": "No formal credential; portfolio and representation matter", "summary": "AI-generated models now appear in real advertising campaigns — the concrete displacement case for commercial image work. Fit modeling, runway, and on-set presence remain physical, while likeness rights become the contested frontier.", "caveat": "This is one of the few roles where generative AI substitutes the product directly: brands can generate campaign imagery without a booking. The anchors are physical (fit, runway, live events) and legal (likeness rights), not photographic.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 74, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Pose for photos and filming", "exposure": 68, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain appearance through diet and exercise", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Work runway and live events", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Manage bookings and portfolios", "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "On-camera presentation", "Physical fitness", "Portfolio management", "Client relations" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "AI models appear in commercial campaigns", "Fit and runway work stays physical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fit Model Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Build fit-model relationships with brands", "Learn garment specification basics", "Document measurement consistency" ] }, { "title": "Content Creator and Personality", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build an owned audience", "Produce personality-led content", "License likeness deliberately" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/models/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/models.json" } }, { "slug": "lodging-managers", "title": "Lodging Managers", "soc": "11-9081", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$69,250", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 42620, "blsSoc": "11-9081" }, "employment": "Hospitality operations leadership with revenue-system tooling", "education": "High school diploma plus experience; degree common at full-service properties", "summary": "Revenue management systems, dynamic pricing, and guest messaging automate the information work of running a property. Staff leadership, guest recovery at scale, revenue accountability, and owner relations keep lodging management human-led.", "caveat": "Unlike front-desk roles, managers own the property's P&L and staffing. Automation shrinks the desk and back office beneath them, which raises the leverage of managers who run lean operations without degrading guest experience.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor revenue and set room rates", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct staff and coordinate departments", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Resolve guest complaints and problems", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare budgets and operational paperwork", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Revenue management", "Staff supervision", "Guest recovery", "Budget management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Property systems automate the back office", "Operational accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "General Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own full property P&L", "Lead department heads", "Drive revenue strategy" ] }, { "title": "Regional Operations Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Manage multi-property metrics", "Standardize operating playbooks", "Lead property turnarounds" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/lodging-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/lodging-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "funeral-attendants", "title": "Funeral Attendants", "soc": "39-4021", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$35,680", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 31090, "blsSoc": "39-4021" }, "employment": "Funeral service support role with demographic stability", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent", "summary": "Attendants run the physical ceremony: placing caskets, escorting mourners, driving hearses, and assisting grieving families through services. Unlike licensed directors, this is support work — and its physical, ceremonial, and compassionate nature resists automation entirely.", "caveat": "Unlike morticians and funeral directors who arrange and embalm, attendants execute the day itself. AI touches none of it; the role's economics are thin wages, not technological displacement.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assist mourners and direct services", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Place caskets and arrange venues", "exposure": 10, "automation": 2, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Drive funeral vehicles in processions", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare documents and obituaries", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Compassionate care", "Ceremony coordination", "Physical reliability", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Ceremonial presence is the work", "Steady demographic demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Funeral Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 168, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete mortuary science program", "Serve an apprenticeship", "Pass state licensure exams" ] }, { "title": "Crematory Operations Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Learn cremation equipment operation", "Document chain-of-custody procedures", "Own facility maintenance logs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/funeral-attendants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/funeral-attendants.json" } }, { "slug": "cement-masons", "title": "Cement Masons and Concrete Finishers", "soc": "47-2051", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$57,020", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 206170, "blsSoc": "47-2051" }, "employment": "Concrete trade with infrastructure and housing demand", "education": "On-the-job training or apprenticeship", "summary": "Placing, leveling, and finishing concrete is weather-sensitive physical craft: reading the pour, timing the finish, and working the surface before it sets. Form-setting software and layout tools assist planning; the trowel work stays manual.", "caveat": "Concrete 3D printing exists for specific structures, but slabs, sidewalks, and structural pours dominate volume and require finishers on site. Timing-sensitive physical judgment resists mechanization.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Spread, level, and smooth concrete", "exposure": 14, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Set and align concrete forms", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor curing conditions", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Apply finishes and curing compounds", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Finishing technique", "Form construction and setting", "Curing judgment", "Blueprint reading" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Infrastructure spending supports demand", "Timing-critical craft resists robotics" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Concrete Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Run pour schedules", "Own finish quality standards", "Coordinate crew and pump logistics" ] }, { "title": "Decorative Concrete Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn stamping and polishing systems", "Build a decorative portfolio", "Price specialty finishes" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cement-masons/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cement-masons.json" } }, { "slug": "drywall-installers", "title": "Drywall and Ceiling Tile Installers", "soc": "47-2081", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$58,930", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 83080, "blsSoc": "47-2081" }, "employment": "Interior construction trade with steady demand", "education": "On-the-job training; apprenticeship available", "summary": "Measuring, cutting, hanging, and finishing drywall inside unique rooms and frames is physical craft work. Layout software and laser measurement speed planning; robots handle none of the hanging or finishing on real interiors.", "caveat": "Prefabricated panels shift some work to factories, but interior conditions vary too much for automation on site. Finish quality judgment — seams, texture, sanding — is the craft that keeps demand.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Measure, cut, and hang panels", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Finish seams and surfaces", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Read plans and mark layouts", "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect and repair installations", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Hanging and finishing craft", "Layout reading", "Precision", "Physical stamina" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Prefab shifts work to shops modestly", "Interior variability resists robots" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Drywall Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Run crew production schedules", "Own finish quality review", "Track material usage" ] }, { "title": "Estimator, Interior Finishes", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn takeoff software", "Price labor and materials", "Review bid outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/drywall-installers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/drywall-installers.json" } }, { "slug": "painters", "title": "Painters, Construction and Maintenance", "soc": "47-2141", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$49,400", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 225190, "blsSoc": "47-2141" }, "employment": "Large finishing trade across residential and commercial work", "education": "On-the-job training; apprenticeship available", "summary": "Surface preparation, masking, and coating application in variable conditions are physical work robots perform only on flat factory lines. Color-matching software and estimating tools assist; prep judgment and finish quality stay manual.", "caveat": "Spray robots handle production-line coating, not buildings. The trade's automation story is better tools — sprayers, lifts, estimating apps — not fewer painters, and repainting demand recurs indefinitely.", "scores": { "exposure": 20, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Apply paints and finishes", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare and protect surfaces", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Estimate materials and costs", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Match colors and select finishes", "exposure": 32, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Surface prep and coating technique", "Application technique", "Estimating", "Safety procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Repaint demand recurs forever", "Estimating tools speed quoting" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Painting Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Run crew schedules", "Own prep quality standards", "Track job costs" ] }, { "title": "Industrial Coatings Applicator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Earn coatings certifications", "Learn specification systems", "Practice containment methods" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/painters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/painters.json" } }, { "slug": "pipelayers", "title": "Pipelayers", "soc": "47-2151", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$49,000", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 33050, "blsSoc": "47-2151" }, "employment": "Underground utility construction trade", "education": "On-the-job training", "summary": "Laying pipe means digging trenches, grading bases, and joining sections underground around existing utilities. Laser guidance and GPS assist grading accuracy; the trench work itself — variable soil, live utilities, confined spaces — stays manual.", "caveat": "Utility replacement cycles and water infrastructure investment drive demand. Trenchless technology changes some methods, but open-cut installation and repair of buried systems remain hands-on work.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 28, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Dig and grade trenches", "exposure": 18, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Lay and connect pipe sections", "exposure": 14, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check slopes with levels and lasers", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Lay out routes from blueprints", "exposure": 38, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Pipe installation", "Trench safety", "Grade and slope verification", "Blueprint reading" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Water infrastructure investment grows", "Underground variability resists automation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Pipe Crew Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Run daily crew plans", "Own trench safety compliance", "Track installation production" ] }, { "title": "Utility Construction Inspector", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn inspection documentation", "Study utility specifications", "Verify testing results" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/pipelayers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/pipelayers.json" } }, { "slug": "sheet-metal-workers", "title": "Sheet Metal Workers", "soc": "47-2211", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$61,800", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 119770, "blsSoc": "47-2211" }, "employment": "Fabrication and installation trade with HVAC and construction demand", "education": "Apprenticeship common", "summary": "Shop fabrication is increasingly automated with CNC plasma cutters and coil lines — BIM models now drive the cutting. Field installation, fitting ductwork into real buildings, and on-site modification keep the craft physical.", "caveat": "The trade's split is real: shop fabrication automates well, field installation does not. Workers fluent in BIM-driven fabrication plus field fit-up command the strongest positions as the shop floor digitizes.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Fabricate sheet metal components", "exposure": 40, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Install ducts and assemblies on site", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Convert blueprints into shop drawings", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect parts and installations", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "CNC-assisted fabrication", "Field installation", "Blueprint reading", "Precision measurement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Shop fabrication digitizes", "Field fit-up stays manual" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Sheet Metal Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Coordinate shop-to-field flow", "Own installation quality", "Manage crew schedules" ] }, { "title": "HVAC Systems Installer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Deepen system commissioning skills", "Learn airflow testing", "Study energy codes" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/sheet-metal-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/sheet-metal-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "ironworkers", "title": "Structural Iron and Steel Workers", "soc": "47-2221", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$62,780", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 68380, "blsSoc": "47-2221" }, "employment": "High-steel construction trade with strong infrastructure demand", "education": "Apprenticeship common", "summary": "Connecting steel at height — guiding beams, bolting connections, reading lift plans — is among the most physically demanding and hazardous work in construction. Robotics and exoskeleton pilots assist handling; nobody has automated the iron itself.", "caveat": "Exoskeletons and rebar-tying robots target the trade's injury burden, not its existence. Cranes position steel, but workers guide, align, and connect every member, and the physical judgment at height has no substitute.", "scores": { "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Connect and bolt structural steel", "exposure": 14, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Guide hoisted members into position", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Read blueprints and specifications", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Verify alignment with instruments", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Structural steel construction", "Rigging and load safety", "Blueprint reading", "Height safety" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Assistive robotics target injuries", "Infrastructure demand is strong" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Ironworker Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Plan lift sequences", "Own connection quality", "Lead crew safety" ] }, { "title": "Welding Inspector", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Study for CWI certification", "Document connection inspections", "Learn testing methods" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/ironworkers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/ironworkers.json" } }, { "slug": "elevator-mechanics", "title": "Elevator and Escalator Installers and Repairers", "soc": "47-4021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$109,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 23790, "blsSoc": "47-4021" }, "employment": "Among the highest-paid trades, with modernization demand", "education": "Apprenticeship; state licensure common", "summary": "Installing and repairing vertical transportation is licensed, safety-critical electromechanical work inside shafts and machine rooms. Remote monitoring predicts failures and dispatches mechanics — the repair itself requires a licensed technician on site.", "caveat": "Predictive maintenance changed the job's timing, not its existence: sensors tell the mechanic which elevator needs attention, and modernization of aging stock keeps demand strong. This is the trade's best-positioned automation story.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install and repair elevator systems", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Locate malfunctions with test equipment", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Adjust safety controls and mechanisms", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Read blueprints and document service", "exposure": 44, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Electromechanical repair", "Safety compliance", "Diagnostics", "Blueprint reading" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Top-quartile trade wages", "Monitoring dispatches, never repairs" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Elevator Modernization Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn controller retrofits", "Manage upgrade projects", "Study code change requirements" ] }, { "title": "Route Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own service route metrics", "Review predictive-maintenance flags", "Coach junior mechanics" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/elevator-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/elevator-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "hazmat-removal-workers", "title": "Hazardous Materials Removal Workers", "soc": "47-4041", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$49,450", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 51710, "blsSoc": "47-4041" }, "employment": "Remediation trade with asbestos and environmental demand", "education": "High school diploma plus HAZWOPER certification", "summary": "Removing asbestos, lead, and contaminated materials is regulated physical work in protective gear inside containment zones. Monitoring devices and documentation software assist; nobody robots their way through an abatement.", "caveat": "Certification requirements (HAZWOPER, state asbestos licenses) and the physical containment process anchor this role. Environmental cleanup demand is durable and regulation-driven, not technology-driven.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 32, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Remove hazardous materials by hand", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Build containment and follow safety protocols", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Identify hazards with monitoring devices", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document disposal and track waste", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Abatement technique", "Safety compliance", "Hazard identification", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Regulated physical remediation", "Environmental cleanup demand is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Abatement Supervisor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Earn supervisor certification", "Own project safety plans", "Manage disposal documentation" ] }, { "title": "Environmental Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Learn sampling methods", "Study remediation systems", "Document site assessments" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/hazmat-removal-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/hazmat-removal-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "highway-maintenance-workers", "title": "Highway Maintenance Workers", "soc": "47-4051", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$50,260", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 154960, "blsSoc": "47-4051" }, "employment": "Public road maintenance workforce with infrastructure funding", "education": "High school diploma or equivalent; CDL often required", "summary": "Patching pavement, clearing drainage, plowing snow, and setting work zones are physical tasks along live roadways. Route optimization and fleet telematics assist planning; the flagging, shoveling, and equipment work stay manual.", "caveat": "Work-zone automation (arrow boards, attenuator trucks) improves safety without replacing crews. Infrastructure funding keeps this public workforce stable, and the tasks are too varied for narrow machines.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Repair pavement and road surfaces", "exposure": 20, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Set up work zones and flag traffic", "exposure": 18, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Operate maintenance equipment", "exposure": 26, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect roads and drainage structures", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Equipment operation", "Work-zone safety", "Physical stamina", "Route knowledge" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Infrastructure funding supports crews", "Safety automation protects rather than replaces" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Highway Maintenance Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Own crew assignments", "Track maintenance metrics", "Manage work-zone safety programs" ] }, { "title": "Heavy Equipment Operator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "2-6", "actions": [ "Get equipment certifications", "Log supervised operating hours", "Study grade control systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/highway-maintenance-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/highway-maintenance-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "telecom-line-installers", "title": "Telecommunications Line Installers and Repairers", "soc": "49-9052", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$74,330", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 97720, "blsSoc": "49-9052" }, "employment": "Network build-out trade with fiber and 5G demand", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Stringing fiber, climbing poles, and splicing cables in the field is physical network construction. AI network monitoring flags faults remotely; building and repairing the physical plant requires hands on the hardware.", "caveat": "Broadband expansion and fiber build-outs are driving demand faster than automation touches the work. The diagnostic layer is digitizing — the layer that tells a crew where to climb — while installation stays manual.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install and splice cables", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Climb poles and access equipment", "exposure": 10, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test lines and diagnose faults", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document work and materials", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Splicing technique", "Line safety", "Fault diagnostics", "Physical stamina" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Fiber build-out drives demand", "Monitoring directs crews rather than replacing them" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fiber Splicing Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Earn fiber certifications", "Master fusion splicing", "Document loss testing" ] }, { "title": "Network Operations Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn monitoring platforms", "Triage network alarms", "Coordinate field dispatches" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/telecom-line-installers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/telecom-line-installers.json" } }, { "slug": "avionics-technicians", "title": "Avionics Technicians", "soc": "49-2091", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$82,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 18830, "blsSoc": "49-2091" }, "employment": "Aircraft electronics role growing with connected-aircraft systems", "education": "Postsecondary certificate; FAA certification common", "summary": "Installing, testing, and troubleshooting aircraft electronics is certified hands-on work, and it is expanding as aircraft become software-defined. Built-in test equipment and diagnostics assist; certified installation and sign-off stay human.", "caveat": "Modern aircraft are flying networks, which grows this trade's scope faster than automation compresses it. Regulatory sign-off on avionics work requires certified technicians regardless of diagnostic tooling.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install electronic systems in aircraft", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test and troubleshoot components", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Interpret flight test data", "exposure": 38, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Document maintenance and repairs", "exposure": 48, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Avionics systems", "Diagnostics", "Soldering and assembly", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Connected aircraft expand the trade", "Certification anchors the work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Avionics Systems Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete engineering coursework", "Learn system integration design", "Study certification standards" ] }, { "title": "Avionics Team Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own shop test procedures", "Review diagnostic quality", "Train junior technicians" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/avionics-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/avionics-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "auto-body-repairers", "title": "Automotive Body and Related Repairers", "soc": "49-3021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$54,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 149310, "blsSoc": "49-3021" }, "employment": "Collision repair trade with technician shortages", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "Frame straightening, panel replacement, and refinishing are physical craft work on vehicles that arrive damaged in infinite variety. AI photo estimating speeds the paperwork upstream; the metal and paint work itself has no software analogue.", "caveat": "Photo estimating changed who writes the estimate, not who repairs the car. Collision demand is recession-resistant, and shops report chronic difficulty hiring skilled body technicians.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Repair and replace damaged panels", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Align frames with hydraulic equipment", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Prime and paint repaired surfaces", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Review damage and prepare estimates", "exposure": 50, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Metal repair and refinishing", "Frame straightening and repair", "Estimating", "Attention to quality" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Estimator AI speeds paperwork only", "Skilled body techs are scarce" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Collision Shop Estimator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Master estimating software", "Audit AI photo estimates", "Manage supplement workflows" ] }, { "title": "Collision Shop Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own cycle-time metrics", "Manage insurer relationships", "Lead technician teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/auto-body-repairers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/auto-body-repairers.json" } }, { "slug": "motorcycle-mechanics", "title": "Motorcycle Mechanics", "soc": "49-3052", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$48,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13510, "blsSoc": "49-3052" }, "employment": "Small-shop specialty repair trade", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "Diagnosing and rebuilding motorcycle engines, transmissions, and suspensions is hands-on shop work. Manufacturer diagnostic software guides troubleshooting; the teardown, judgment, and rebuild remain manual craft.", "caveat": "The trade is small and enthusiast-driven, which makes it resistant to automation economics — no one builds robots for low-volume specialty repair. Diagnostic tools augment; skilled small-shop mechanics stay scarce.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose engine and system faults", "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Dismantle and repair engines", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Repair brakes, forks, and drivetrains", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Confer with customers on problems", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Engine diagnostics", "Mechanical repair", "Customer communication", "Precision measurement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Low-volume specialty resists automation economics", "Diagnostic software assists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Powersports Service Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own shop workflow and scheduling", "Manage parts inventory", "Build customer retention programs" ] }, { "title": "Automotive Service Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Transfer diagnostic skills to cars", "Earn ASE certifications", "Learn EV system safety" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/motorcycle-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/motorcycle-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "heavy-equipment-mechanics", "title": "Mobile Heavy Equipment Mechanics, Except Engines", "soc": "49-3042", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$65,510", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 176600, "blsSoc": "49-3042" }, "employment": "Construction equipment repair trade with strong demand", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "Repairing bulldozers, excavators, and cranes — often in the field — is heavy physical troubleshooting. Telematics and diagnostic software flag problems early; someone still crawls under the machine with tools.", "caveat": "Equipment telematics made this trade more efficient, not smaller: sensors predict failures, and mechanics perform the repairs at remote sites. Construction fleet growth and mechanic shortages keep wages rising.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose faults with test equipment", "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Dismantle and reassemble equipment", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Repair hydraulic and mechanical systems", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Schedule and document maintenance", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Hydraulic systems", "Diagnostics", "Field repair", "Welding" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Telematics flag, mechanics fix", "Mechanic shortage drives wages" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fleet Maintenance Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own preventive maintenance programs", "Analyze fleet health data", "Manage shop schedules" ] }, { "title": "Equipment Service Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Run service department P&L", "Manage dealer relationships", "Lead technician recruiting" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/heavy-equipment-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/heavy-equipment-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "locksmiths", "title": "Locksmiths and Safe Repairers", "soc": "49-9094", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$51,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 15040, "blsSoc": "49-9094" }, "employment": "Security hardware trade evolving toward electronic access", "education": "On-the-job training or apprenticeship; licensing in some states", "summary": "Smart locks and electronic access systems are changing what locksmiths install, not whether they are needed. Emergency lockouts, safe work, and access-system installation happen at the door, with tools, in person.", "caveat": "The connected-security shift is an augmentation story: locksmiths who learn electronic access control expand their market, while those who stay mechanical-only see it narrow. The physical call — the lockout, the failed safe — persists either way.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Open locks and cut keys", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Install locks and door hardware", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Install electronic access systems", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Maintain records of locks and keys", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Lock and hardware repair", "Access control systems", "Precision handwork", "Customer service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Smart locks expand the service menu", "Emergency calls stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Electronic Access Control Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn networked access systems", "Practice card-reader installation", "Study low-voltage standards" ] }, { "title": "Safe and Vault Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Train on safe manipulation", "Learn vault hardware", "Build commercial accounts" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/locksmiths/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/locksmiths.json" } }, { "slug": "alarm-system-installers", "title": "Security and Fire Alarm Systems Installers", "soc": "49-2098", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$60,070", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 86340, "blsSoc": "49-2098" }, "employment": "Security installation trade growing with connected-home adoption", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "This trade installs the AI cameras and smart sensors other occupations worry about. Running cable, mounting devices, programming panels, and commissioning systems on site is physical work that adoption directly grows.", "caveat": "The more surveillance and smart-home technology spreads, the more installation and service work exists. The product changing other jobs is this job's demand driver — a structurally protected position in the automation economy.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install alarm devices and cameras", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Run and terminate wiring", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test and program system features", "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Consult clients on security requirements", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Low-voltage installation", "System programming", "Troubleshooting", "Customer consultation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Security tech adoption drives demand", "Installs the automation others fear" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Systems Integration Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn building automation protocols", "Integrate video and access platforms", "Document system configurations" ] }, { "title": "Installation Team Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Manage install schedules", "Own commissioning quality", "Train new installers" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/alarm-system-installers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/alarm-system-installers.json" } }, { "slug": "butchers-meat-cutters", "title": "Butchers and Meat Cutters", "soc": "51-3021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$40,140", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 136430, "blsSoc": "51-3021" }, "employment": "Food cutting craft split between plants and retail counters", "education": "On-the-job training", "summary": "Processing-line automation handles standardized cuts, but retail and specialty butchery — custom cuts, customer requests, variable carcasses — remains knife work guided by judgment. The counter butcher's expertise is the product.", "caveat": "Industrial meat processing is already heavily mechanized, which is where automation pressure concentrates. Retail butchers who offer custom service and cutting expertise hold demand that processing plants automate away upstream.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Cut, trim, and grind meats", "exposure": 24, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare special customer cuts", "exposure": 22, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Receive and inspect meat deliveries", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Manage inventory and records", "exposure": 46, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Knife skills", "Meat cutting technique", "Food safety", "Customer service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Plant automation predates AI", "Custom counter service persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Meat Department Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own department margins", "Manage cutting staff", "Track shrink and quality" ] }, { "title": "Quality Assurance Technician", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 54, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn food safety auditing", "Document inspection results", "Study HACCP basics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/butchers-meat-cutters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/butchers-meat-cutters.json" } }, { "slug": "cnc-programmers", "title": "Computer Numerically Controlled Tool Programmers", "soc": "51-9162", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$68,120", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 28500, "blsSoc": "51-9162" }, "employment": "Manufacturing programming role with AI toolpath assistance", "education": "Associate degree or extensive machining experience", "summary": "CAM software with AI assistance now generates toolpaths from models, compressing routine programming hours. Prove-out judgment, tolerance strategy, and shop-floor problem solving keep programmers accountable for what the machine actually cuts.", "caveat": "Unlike operators who tend running machines, programmers decide how parts get made — and AI-generated toolpaths still need verification against real machines, materials, and tolerances. The role is augmenting upward, not disappearing.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Write machine control programs", "exposure": 62, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 74, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Analyze drawings and calculate dimensions", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Test programs through simulations and trial runs", "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Revise programs to eliminate errors", "exposure": 48, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "CAM programming", "Tolerance analysis", "Machine knowledge", "AI toolpath review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI toolpath generation is real", "Prove-out accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Manufacturing Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete engineering coursework", "Learn process planning", "Own production documentation" ] }, { "title": "CAM Automation Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build machining templates", "Validate AI-generated toolpaths", "Standardize programming practices" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cnc-programmers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cnc-programmers.json" } }, { "slug": "tailors", "title": "Tailors, Dressmakers, and Custom Sewers", "soc": "51-6052", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$41,640", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13920, "blsSoc": "51-6052" }, "employment": "Garment fitting craft with alterations and custom demand", "education": "On-the-job training; sewing expertise required", "summary": "Fitting and altering garments on real bodies is handwork: pinning, adjusting drape, and sewing to an individual's measurements. AI pattern tools assist design; the fitting room and sewing machine stay human-operated.", "caveat": "Mass garment production automated long ago — what remains is the custom end, where a tailor's judgment about fit on a specific person is the entire product. Alterations demand is steady and local.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Fit and alter garments on customers", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Sew garments and repairs", "exposure": 20, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Measure customers and record specifications", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Confer with customers on desired styles", "exposure": 28, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Fitting judgment", "Sewing technique", "Garment construction", "Client consultation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Custom work is the surviving niche", "Fit judgment is the product" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Custom Clothier", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Build bespoke clientele", "Learn pattern drafting", "Price made-to-measure work" ] }, { "title": "Alterations Business Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Open an alterations studio", "Price by garment complexity", "Build bridal and formal accounts" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tailors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tailors.json" } }, { "slug": "jewelers", "title": "Jewelers and Precious Stone and Metal Workers", "soc": "51-9071", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$52,540", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 22440, "blsSoc": "51-9071" }, "employment": "Precision bench craft with repair and custom demand", "education": "On-the-job training or technical program", "summary": "Soldering settings, setting stones, and repairing heirlooms is precision handwork at the bench. CAD design tools and 3D printing assist custom design; the bench craft, appraisal trust, and repair judgment stay manual.", "caveat": "Casting and mass jewelry production are automated, but repair, custom work, and appraisal require hands and trust. Customers leave irreplaceable items with people, not machines.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Repair and fabricate jewelry by hand", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Set stones and solder components", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Appraise and evaluate pieces", "exposure": 38, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Design custom pieces with clients", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 66, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Bench technique", "Stone setting technique", "Appraisal and evaluation", "Client consultation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Custom and repair work persist", "CAD and printing assist design" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Graduate Gemologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete GIA certification", "Practice stone grading", "Build appraisal documentation skills" ] }, { "title": "Custom Jewelry Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master CAD jewelry design", "Build a custom portfolio", "Direct 3D-printed casting workflows" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/jewelers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/jewelers.json" } }, { "slug": "semiconductor-technicians", "title": "Semiconductor Processing Technicians", "soc": "51-9141", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$51,430", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 31460, "blsSoc": "51-9141" }, "employment": "Cleanroom manufacturing role with CHIPS-driven expansion", "education": "Associate degree or technical certificate common", "summary": "Fabs are already among the most automated production environments on earth — this occupation exists inside that automation, tending equipment, inspecting wafers, and keeping processes running. US fab expansion matters more to its outlook than any new automation.", "caveat": "The honest framing: process automation in fabs is mature, so AI adds little displacement pressure on top. The demand story is fab construction and staffing — cleanroom technicians are hired, not displaced, by the chip buildout.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate processing equipment cycles", "exposure": 46, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 34, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect wafers for defects", "exposure": 52, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Load and handle wafers in cleanrooms", "exposure": 30, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain production records and reports", "exposure": 58, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Cleanroom safety protocol", "Equipment operation", "Quality inspection", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Fab automation is already mature", "CHIPS-driven expansion dominates the outlook" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Process Engineering Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn process analysis methods", "Own yield metrics", "Support engineering experiments" ] }, { "title": "Fab Equipment Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Train on tool maintenance", "Learn vacuum and gas systems", "Document repair procedures" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/semiconductor-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/semiconductor-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "water-treatment-operators", "title": "Water and Wastewater Treatment Plant and System Operators", "soc": "51-8031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$60,020", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 128490, "blsSoc": "51-8031" }, "employment": "Licensed utility operations with public-health accountability", "education": "High school diploma plus state licensure", "summary": "SCADA systems monitor and adjust treatment automatically, which is why plants run lean. Licensed operators remain accountable for public water safety: testing, chemical dosing judgment, emergency response, and regulatory compliance.", "caveat": "Automation has run these plants for decades, yet every state requires licensed operators because drinking water is a public-health product. Retirements are the bigger workforce story than any new technology.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate and adjust treatment equipment", "exposure": 38, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Collect and test water samples", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Add chemicals and manage dosing", "exposure": 30, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Record operational data", "exposure": 58, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Treatment process knowledge", "Water quality testing", "Regulatory compliance", "Emergency response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Licensed operation is mandatory", "Retirement wave drives openings" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Plant Operator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn higher-grade licenses", "Own compliance reporting", "Supervise operator teams" ] }, { "title": "Water Quality Analyst", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn laboratory analysis methods", "Build quality dashboards", "Audit automated monitoring data" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/water-treatment-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/water-treatment-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "stationary-engineers", "title": "Stationary Engineers and Boiler Operators", "soc": "51-8021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$78,620", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 28250, "blsSoc": "51-8021" }, "employment": "Building and plant systems operations role", "education": "High school diploma plus licensure in many jurisdictions", "summary": "Operating boilers and building systems is increasingly sensor-monitored, but someone licensed must respond to alarms, isolate equipment for repair, and keep steam and heating systems safe. The accountability sits with a person on site.", "caveat": "Building automation reduced routine watch-keeping, and jurisdictions still require licensed operators for high-pressure systems. The role consolidates rather than disappears: fewer operators, each covering more systems, with the same legal responsibility.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate boilers and auxiliary equipment", "exposure": 34, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor gauges and detect malfunctions", "exposure": 44, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Isolate equipment for safe repair", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain operation and safety logs", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Boiler operations", "Safety compliance", "Troubleshooting", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Automation consolidates watch-keeping", "Licensing anchors accountability" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Engineer, Facilities", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn higher license classifications", "Manage building engineering teams", "Own energy budgets" ] }, { "title": "Building Automation Technician", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn building management systems", "Program control sequences", "Analyze energy data" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/stationary-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/stationary-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "nuclear-reactor-operators", "title": "Nuclear Power Reactor Operators", "soc": "51-8011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$122,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 5150, "blsSoc": "51-8011" }, "employment": "NRC-licensed control-room role with absolute accountability", "education": "High school diploma plus years of plant training and NRC licensure", "summary": "Reactor operators hold federal licenses to control nuclear plants — the most regulated operations role in the economy. Automated monitoring and procedures assist, but every control action, abnormal response, and shutdown decision requires a licensed human.", "caveat": "This is the extreme case of regulatory anchoring: the NRC licenses individuals, not systems. Advanced reactor designs will automate more monitoring, but licensed operator authority over the reactor is not on the table in any serious proposal.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate reactor controls per procedures", "exposure": 34, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Respond to system abnormalities", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Monitor plant systems continuously", "exposure": 42, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Authorize maintenance and status changes", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Reactor operations", "Emergency procedures", "Regulatory compliance", "Systems monitoring" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Individual NRC licensure is absolute", "Plant life extensions sustain demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Senior Reactor Operator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 82, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Accumulate licensed hours", "Complete SRO training", "Lead control room crews" ] }, { "title": "Nuclear Training Instructor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Run simulator training", "Develop operating procedure training", "Evaluate operator performance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/nuclear-reactor-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/nuclear-reactor-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "crane-operators", "title": "Crane and Tower Operators", "soc": "53-7021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$68,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 42890, "blsSoc": "53-7021" }, "employment": "Lifting operations role across construction and ports", "education": "High school diploma plus certification (NCCCO common)", "summary": "Remote operation and anti-collision systems assist crane work, but lifts over live sites require certified operators judging loads, wind, and ground conditions in real time. Certification requirements and catastrophic-risk accountability keep humans in the seat.", "caveat": "Port automation is the real frontier — some container terminals run remote cranes — but construction lifting is too variable for that model. A lifted load over a live crew keeps the operator's certification and judgment legally central.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate cranes to lift and place loads", "exposure": 26, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check load weights against capacity", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Inspect cables and mechanisms", "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Review schedules and loading instructions", "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Load judgment", "Equipment operation", "Safety compliance", "Hand-signal coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Remote operation spreads in ports only", "Certification anchors construction lifting" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lift Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Earn lift-director certification", "Plan critical lifts", "Own rigging review" ] }, { "title": "Crane Fleet Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage equipment assignments", "Track certification compliance", "Review telematics data" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/crane-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/crane-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "refuse-collectors", "title": "Refuse and Recyclable Material Collectors", "soc": "53-7081", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$49,690", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 147240, "blsSoc": "53-7081" }, "employment": "Essential municipal service with automated-truck adoption", "education": "No formal credential; CDL for driver roles", "summary": "Automated side-loader trucks cut collection crews from two or three to one driver in many cities — a real, deployed labor reduction. Irregular pickups, missed-bin callbacks, and non-standard waste keep crews on routes.", "caveat": "The automation here is mechanical, not AI: hydraulic arms grab standardized bins. Crews shrink but persist because real routes have obstacles, overloaded bins, and bulk items the arm cannot handle.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drive collection routes", "exposure": 30, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 24, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Collect and load refuse", "exposure": 28, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Operate hoisting and compaction equipment", "exposure": 32, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 28, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Tag problem containers and report issues", "exposure": 36, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Route reliability", "Equipment operation", "Physical stamina", "Safety procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Automated trucks reduced crew sizes", "Non-standard pickups keep crews" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Route Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Manage route completion data", "Handle missed-pickup resolution", "Coach driver safety" ] }, { "title": "Roll-off and Commercial Driver", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Upgrade CDL endorsements", "Learn container delivery", "Master hydraulic hookups" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/refuse-collectors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/refuse-collectors.json" } }, { "slug": "school-bus-drivers", "title": "Bus Drivers, School", "soc": "53-3051", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$47,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 402930, "blsSoc": "53-3051" }, "employment": "Student transport role with severe national shortage", "education": "High school diploma plus CDL with school bus endorsement", "summary": "Autonomous vehicle pilots target highways, not school routes: the driver also supervises children — boarding safety, behavior management, and getting kids across the road. Districts cannot fill these seats today, autonomy or not.", "caveat": "The supervision duty is the anchor: even a hypothetical autonomous school bus would need an adult responsible for dozens of children. The occupation's binding constraint is recruitment at split-shift wages, not technology.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drive students on scheduled routes", "exposure": 30, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain order and safety among students", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 28, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect vehicle safety equipment", "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Report delays and incidents", "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Safe driving", "Student supervision", "Route reliability", "Emergency response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Severe driver shortage nationwide", "Child supervision duty anchors the role" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Transportation Dispatcher", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Coordinate route coverage", "Track fleet telematics", "Handle parent communications" ] }, { "title": "Transit Bus Driver", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "1-2", "actions": [ "Convert CDL to passenger endorsement", "Learn fixed-route operations", "Practice fare and accessibility procedures" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/school-bus-drivers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/school-bus-drivers.json" } }, { "slug": "transit-bus-drivers", "title": "Bus Drivers, Transit and Intercity", "soc": "53-3052", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$59,050", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 159240, "blsSoc": "53-3052" }, "employment": "Public transit driving role with autonomy pilots underway", "education": "High school diploma plus CDL with passenger endorsement", "summary": "Autonomous shuttles operate on fixed, slow, geofenced routes — the narrowest slice of transit. Urban bus driving mixes traffic judgment, passenger assistance, accessibility duties, and disruption handling that no pilot program covers.", "caveat": "Transit automation pilots are real but confined to controlled corridors. Union agreements, accessibility law, and the sheer variability of city routes make full automation a decades-long transition, and driver shortages persist meanwhile.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 32, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drive vehicles on scheduled routes", "exposure": 36, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Assist passengers boarding and exiting", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Handle emergencies and disruptions", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Collect fares and record ridership", "exposure": 52, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 38, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Safe driving", "Passenger assistance", "Accessibility procedures", "Route knowledge" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Autonomy limited to geofenced pilots", "Driver shortage persists in transit" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Transit Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage on-time performance", "Handle service disruptions", "Coach driver performance" ] }, { "title": "Paratransit Coordinator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Learn ADA service requirements", "Coordinate accessible rides", "Manage eligibility records" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/transit-bus-drivers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/transit-bus-drivers.json" } }, { "slug": "locomotive-engineers", "title": "Locomotive Engineers", "soc": "53-4011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$81,410", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 33470, "blsSoc": "53-4011" }, "employment": "Rail operations role at the center of the crew-size debate", "education": "High school diploma plus railroad training and federal certification", "summary": "Positive Train Control automates speed enforcement, and railroads push for one-person crews — the concrete automation debate in rail. Engineers retain control authority over miles-long trains, grade judgment, and emergency response that regulators keep human.", "caveat": "PTC changed the engineer's tools, and crew-size fights are the real displacement frontier — a regulatory and labor battle, not a technology capability question. Federal certification and safety accountability keep the engineer in the cab.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate locomotives between stations", "exposure": 32, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 38, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor gauges and train systems", "exposure": 40, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Observe tracks and respond to obstructions", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Prepare reports on incidents and delays", "exposure": 48, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Train handling", "Federal operating compliance", "Safety compliance", "Emergency response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Crew-size debate is regulatory, not technical", "PTC assists enforcement, keeps the engineer" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Road Foreman of Engines", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Evaluate engineer performance", "Manage operating rule compliance", "Lead efficiency testing" ] }, { "title": "Rail Operations Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn network operations", "Manage crew scheduling", "Analyze delay data" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/locomotive-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/locomotive-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "railroad-conductors", "title": "Railroad Conductors and Yardmasters", "soc": "53-4031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$78,000", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 46440, "blsSoc": "53-4031" }, "employment": "Rail crew role facing one-person-crew proposals", "education": "High school diploma plus railroad training", "summary": "Conductors coordinate train movement, signal engineers, and manage switching and documentation — the role railroads target in one-person-crew proposals. Union agreements, FRA safety rules, and yard complexity keep the position defended.", "caveat": "This is ground zero of rail automation politics: the technology to reduce crews exists, and whether it happens is decided by regulators and contracts, not capability. Physical switching work and emergency duties remain regardless.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Signal engineers on train movement", "exposure": 30, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Coordinate routes and cargo with engineers", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect cars and equipment", "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document shipments and track cargo", "exposure": 52, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Operating rule compliance", "Crew coordination", "Yard operations", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Crew-size outcome is regulatory", "Yard and emergency work persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Locomotive Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Enter engineer training", "Accumulate operating hours", "Pass federal certification" ] }, { "title": "Yardmaster", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Coordinate yard switching", "Manage car inventories", "Track dwell-time metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/railroad-conductors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/railroad-conductors.json" } }, { "slug": "farmworkers", "title": "Farmworkers and Laborers, Crop, Nursery, and Greenhouse", "soc": "45-2092", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Farming, Fishing, and Forestry", "medianWage": "$35,660", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 265500, "blsSoc": "45-2092" }, "employment": "Large agricultural workforce with chronic labor shortages", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Harvest robots and precision sprayers are real but cover specific crops in uniform conditions. Hand harvest of delicate produce, greenhouse work, and the sheer variety of farm tasks keep manual labor the backbone of agriculture.", "caveat": "Agricultural automation is decades old and crop-selective: combines mechanized grains long ago, yet fresh produce still moves through human hands. Labor shortage, not robot displacement, is the binding force in farm labor markets.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 26, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 76, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Harvest crops by hand", "exposure": 26, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 16, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Plant, weed, and prune plants", "exposure": 22, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Operate tractors and machinery", "exposure": 34, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Record crop and work information", "exposure": 46, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Physical stamina", "Equipment operation", "Crop and plant knowledge", "Reliability" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Robots cover uniform crops only", "Farm labor shortage dominates" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Crew Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Coordinate harvest crews", "Track picking rates", "Enforce safety standards" ] }, { "title": "Agricultural Equipment Operator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Learn precision agriculture systems", "Get equipment certifications", "Practice GPS-guided operation" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/farmworkers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/farmworkers.json" } }, { "slug": "chief-executives", "title": "Chief Executives", "soc": "11-1011", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$213,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 204350, "blsSoc": "11-1011" }, "employment": "Top organizational leadership across business and government", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus extensive leadership experience", "summary": "AI gives executives better analysis faster, which sharpens rather than threatens the role: strategy selection, capital allocation, leadership judgment, and ultimate accountability for organizational outcomes are precisely what cannot be delegated to a model.", "caveat": "The CEO question inverts the usual displacement logic: better decision-support tools increase the premium on judgment and accountability. Boards and shareholders will not accept algorithmic accountability for strategy, layoffs, or risk.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 14, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct organizational strategy and policy", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Analyze operations and performance reports", "exposure": 60, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 76, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Negotiate and approve major contracts", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Lead senior staff and boards", "exposure": 18, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Strategic judgment", "Capital allocation", "Leadership", "AI-assisted analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Decision tools raise executive leverage", "Accountability is the role's core" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Board Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build governance experience", "Join advisory boards", "Deepen fiduciary expertise" ] }, { "title": "Private Equity Operating Partner", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Apply operating experience to portfolios", "Lead company turnarounds", "Build investor relationships" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/chief-executives/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/chief-executives.json" } }, { "slug": "compliance-managers", "title": "Compliance Managers", "soc": "11-9199", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$141,900", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 622190, "blsSoc": "11-9199" }, "employment": "Regulatory leadership role with AI-governance demand growth", "education": "Bachelor's degree plus compliance experience", "summary": "AI monitoring tools scan for violations and draft regulatory filings, changing how compliance teams work. The manager's value is judgment under ambiguity: interpreting new rules, designing controls, and answering to regulators — now including rules about AI itself.", "caveat": "This occupation maps to a residual management SOC with regulatory and compliance managers as its detailed variants. AI governance is expanding the compliance mandate, which makes this one of the few roles whose scope grows because of AI regulation.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop regulatory strategies and plans", "exposure": 50, "automation": 23, "augmentation": 70, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Review submission materials for compliance", "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 72, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Direct regulatory filings and reports", "exposure": 60, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Represent organizations before regulators", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Regulatory interpretation", "Control design", "Regulator relations", "AI oversight review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI regulation expands the mandate", "Regulator accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Compliance Officer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own enterprise compliance programs", "Lead regulatory examinations", "Set AI governance frameworks" ] }, { "title": "AI Governance Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build model review processes", "Map AI regulatory requirements", "Document model risk evidence" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/compliance-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/compliance-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "fraud-examiners", "title": "Fraud Examiners, Investigators and Analysts", "soc": "13-2099", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$81,100", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 132130, "blsSoc": "13-2099" }, "employment": "Financial investigation role growing with AI-enabled fraud", "education": "Bachelor's degree; CFE certification valued", "summary": "AI creates more fraud — synthetic identities, deepfake invoices, scaled scams — and AI detection tools fight back. Examiners sit on the defensive side: analyzing anomalies, interviewing suspects, building cases, and testifying. Detection demand grows with the threat.", "caveat": "This occupation maps to a residual financial-specialists SOC with fraud examiners as its detailed variant. The role benefits from both sides of the AI wave: more fraud to fight and better detection tools to fight it with, with human investigation remaining the accountable layer.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze financial data for irregularities", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Interview witnesses and suspects", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare investigation reports", "exposure": 68, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Prepare evidence and testify in court", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Fraud analytics", "Investigation", "Evidence documentation", "Court testimony" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI-enabled fraud expands demand", "Detection-tool oversight is the growth area" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Certified Fraud Examiner", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Earn CFE certification", "Build case portfolio", "Master forensic interviewing" ] }, { "title": "Financial Crime Analytics Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own detection model performance", "Tune alert thresholds", "Lead investigation teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fraud-examiners/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fraud-examiners.json" } }, { "slug": "urban-regional-planners", "title": "Urban and Regional Planners", "soc": "19-3051", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$89,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 44230, "blsSoc": "19-3051" }, "employment": "Land-use planning role with housing-policy salience", "education": "Master's degree common", "summary": "GIS analysis, zoning research, and report drafting are heavily AI-assistable. Public hearings, stakeholder mediation, political judgment, and land-use recommendations that must survive community scrutiny keep planners in human-led territory.", "caveat": "Planning analysis is genuinely augmentable, but the occupation's core is a public process: reconciling neighbors, developers, and councils over contested land. That negotiation and accountability layer does not automate.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Create land-use reports and maps", "exposure": 68, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 72, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Design and administer land-use policies", "exposure": 46, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Hold public meetings on plans", "exposure": 22, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Advise officials on project proposals", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "GIS analysis", "Policy development", "Public facilitation", "Regulatory knowledge" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Analysis tooling is augmenting", "Public process judgment is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Planning Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Lead comprehensive plan updates", "Manage planning commissions", "Own development review" ] }, { "title": "Real Estate Development Analyst", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn pro forma analysis", "Apply zoning knowledge to deals", "Build entitlement experience" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/urban-regional-planners/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/urban-regional-planners.json" } }, { "slug": "computer-science-professors", "title": "Computer Science Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1021", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$96,980", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 35480, "blsSoc": "25-1021" }, "employment": "Faculty role teaching the technology disrupting classrooms", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "CS faculty teach programming while AI writes code, and grade assignments while AI completes them — the sharpest version of the education paradox. Curriculum judgment, research supervision, and teaching students to evaluate AI output keep the role central.", "caveat": "The discipline's content is more exposed than most, but enrollment demand for CS education is at record levels precisely because of AI. Faculty who redesign assessment around AI fluency and verification teach the most valuable version of the subject.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver programming lectures", "exposure": 56, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Supervise research and lab work", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Advise students on curricula and careers", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Technical instruction", "Curriculum design", "AI-aware assessment", "Research supervision" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI-written assignments force assessment redesign", "CS enrollment demand is at record levels" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum redesign for AI", "Manage faculty hiring", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "AI Curriculum Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Build AI-integrated coursework", "Design verification-based assessments", "Measure learning outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/computer-science-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/computer-science-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "art-drama-music-professors", "title": "Art, Drama, and Music Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1121", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$78,620", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 93560, "blsSoc": "25-1121" }, "employment": "Creative-arts faculty role at the generative-AI frontier", "education": "Master's or doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Generative tools can produce student-quality art, scripts, and compositions, forcing studio faculty to redefine what they assess. Technique demonstration, live critique, performance direction, and mentorship of developing artists remain human teaching work.", "caveat": "Studio disciplines are practiced, not prompted: critique sessions, rehearsal direction, and hands-on technique instruction depend on a working artist's eye. Faculty increasingly teach students to direct and evaluate generative tools rather than banning them.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Demonstrate artistic techniques", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Evaluate student work and performances", "exposure": 44, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare course materials", "exposure": 64, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Direct rehearsals and performances", "exposure": 18, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Studio instruction", "Performance direction", "Creative critique", "AI tool direction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Generative tools force assessment redesign", "Studio mentorship is the durable core" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Digital Media Program Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Build AI-integrated studio curricula", "Set generative-tool policies", "Measure creative outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead arts program strategy", "Manage faculty and budgets", "Build community partnerships" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/art-drama-music-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/art-drama-music-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "anesthesiologists", "title": "Anesthesiologists", "soc": "29-1211", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$391,490", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 38760, "blsSoc": "29-1211" }, "employment": "Perioperative specialty with closed-loop sedation systems in trials", "education": "Doctoral degree plus anesthesiology residency and board certification", "summary": "Closed-loop sedation systems can titrate drugs automatically — a real technological frontier. But anesthesia is continuous crisis-readiness: airway emergencies, hemodynamic crashes, and split-second intervention keep a physician responsible for every patient.", "caveat": "Automated sedation works on stable, routine cases under supervision, which is how it will be deployed — extending one anesthesiologist across more rooms rather than replacing them. The liability and emergency response core is not negotiable.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer anesthesia and manage airways", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor patients and counteract complications", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Assess surgical risk before procedures", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Record anesthesia and patient condition", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Airway management", "Physiological monitoring", "Crisis response", "AI sedation oversight" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Closed-loop systems extend coverage", "Emergency accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Anesthesia Care Team Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Supervise anesthesia care teams", "Own sedation system protocols", "Lead OR efficiency programs" ] }, { "title": "Pain Medicine Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete pain fellowship", "Build interventional procedure skills", "Develop chronic pain programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/anesthesiologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/anesthesiologists.json" } }, { "slug": "ob-gyns", "title": "Obstetricians and Gynecologists", "soc": "29-1218", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$292,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 21260, "blsSoc": "29-1218" }, "employment": "Women's health specialty with maternity-care shortages", "education": "Doctoral degree plus OB-GYN residency and board certification", "summary": "Delivering babies and performing gynecologic surgery are high-acuity physical procedures with two patients at risk. Fetal monitoring AI and documentation tools assist; the delivery room and operating room keep a surgeon present and accountable.", "caveat": "Labor monitoring algorithms assist triage, but obstetric emergencies escalate in minutes and require surgical response. Maternity care deserts are growing, which makes this specialty's constraint supply, not automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Deliver babies and perform surgery", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor pregnancy and fetal health", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Diagnose and treat conditions", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Counsel patients on care decisions", "exposure": 24, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Obstetric surgery", "Fetal monitoring interpretation", "Diagnostic judgment", "Patient counseling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Maternity care shortages are growing", "Monitoring AI assists triage" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Maternal-Fetal Medicine Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete MFM fellowship", "Build high-risk pregnancy expertise", "Master advanced ultrasound" ] }, { "title": "Labor and Delivery Medical Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Own delivery outcome metrics", "Lead safety protocols", "Guide monitoring tool adoption" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/ob-gyns/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/ob-gyns.json" } }, { "slug": "veterinary-assistants", "title": "Veterinary Assistants and Laboratory Animal Caretakers", "soc": "31-9096", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$38,150", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 126580, "blsSoc": "31-9096" }, "employment": "Animal clinic support role with strong pet-care demand", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Restraining animals, cleaning kennels, preparing surgical rooms, and assisting procedures is physical animal-handling work. Clinic software manages records; the animal in the exam room needs calm, skilled human hands.", "caveat": "Pet-care demand keeps climbing and clinics cannot hire enough support staff. Nothing in this role's daily work — restraint, hygiene, patient comfort — is software-addressable; it is a common entry point into credentialed vet-tech careers.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Restrain animals during procedures", "exposure": 12, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Clean kennels and treatment areas", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 20, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Assist veterinarians with exams and surgery", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Schedule appointments and record information", "exposure": 50, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Animal handling", "Clinical support", "Safety procedures", "Customer service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Clinic staffing demand is strong", "Physical animal care resists automation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Veterinary Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "18-24", "actions": [ "Complete a vet-tech program", "Build clinical procedure skills", "Pass credentialing exams" ] }, { "title": "Practice Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage support staff schedules", "Own supply and sanitation standards", "Track patient flow" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/veterinary-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/veterinary-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "retail-loss-prevention", "title": "Retail Loss Prevention Specialists", "soc": "33-9099", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$42,540", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 81500, "blsSoc": "33-9099" }, "employment": "Store security role transformed by AI theft detection", "education": "High school diploma plus security training", "summary": "AI cameras now detect concealment and self-checkout fraud in real time — this role's surveillance layer is genuinely automated. What remains human is the intervention: approaching suspects, documenting evidence for prosecution, and safety judgment.", "caveat": "This occupation maps to a residual protective-service SOC with loss prevention as its detailed variant. AI detection multiplies what one specialist can watch, shrinking headcount per store while raising the stakes on the interventions that remain.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor stores with surveillance systems", "exposure": 58, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Apprehend or intervene with suspects", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document incidents for prosecution", "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Analyze theft patterns and trends", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Surveillance systems", "Evidence documentation", "De-escalation", "Safety judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI detection is deployed in stores", "Intervention and prosecution stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Loss Prevention Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own shrink metrics", "Configure detection systems", "Train store teams on prevention" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Security Investigator", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn investigation case management", "Build law-enforcement relationships", "Analyze organized theft patterns" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/retail-loss-prevention/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/retail-loss-prevention.json" } }, { "slug": "social-human-service-assistants", "title": "Social and Human Service Assistants", "soc": "21-1093", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$45,930", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 437860, "blsSoc": "21-1093" }, "employment": "Large community-support role with benefits-system demand", "education": "High school diploma plus on-the-job training; some college common", "summary": "Benefits navigation, housing assistance, and client support happen where bureaucracy meets people in crisis. Eligibility portals and chatbots answer simple questions; assistants handle the humans the system fails — forms they cannot read, situations with no checkbox.", "caveat": "Digital benefits systems push harder cases toward fewer staff, which is this role's reality. The work that remains is precisely the human layer: interviewing, advocating, and walking clients through systems that do not work for them.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Interview clients and assess needs", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Connect clients to services and benefits", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Assist clients with forms and applications", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Maintain case records and reports", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Client interviewing", "Resource navigation", "Documentation", "Community resource coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low to moderate displacement pressure", "Digital systems push complex cases to staff", "Human navigation of bureaucracy persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Case Manager", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-9", "actions": [ "Complete social work coursework", "Own ongoing client caseloads", "Track service outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Benefits Enrollment Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Master program eligibility rules", "Audit automated determinations", "Handle appeal workflows" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/social-human-service-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/social-human-service-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "construction-supervisors", "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Construction Trades and Extraction Workers", "soc": "47-1011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$79,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 812210, "blsSoc": "47-1011" }, "employment": "Field leadership role atop the entire construction trades cluster", "education": "Trade experience; degree increasingly preferred", "summary": "AI scheduling, photo documentation, and progress-tracking tools now automate much of a foreman's information work. Crew leadership, safety enforcement, subcontractor coordination, and split-second site judgment keep field supervision human.", "caveat": "This is the natural near move for the whole trades cluster: the tools change what a supervisor tracks, not whether a site needs one. Supervisors who master construction software run larger, tighter jobs than those who avoid it.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise and schedule construction crews", "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect work for safety and specifications", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Read blueprints and plan procedures", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Record production and personnel data", "exposure": 56, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Crew leadership", "Safety enforcement", "Blueprint reading", "Construction software" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Field leadership is irreplaceable", "Software fluency widens the gap" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Project Superintendent", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own full-site coordination", "Manage subcontractor schedules", "Run safety programs" ] }, { "title": "Construction Project Manager", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn project budgeting", "Study construction management coursework", "Manage client relationships" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/construction-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/construction-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "computer-repairers", "title": "Computer, Automated Teller, and Office Machine Repairers", "soc": "49-2011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$47,810", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 65600, "blsSoc": "49-2011" }, "employment": "Hardware service role holding as software support automates", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "AI has absorbed remote software troubleshooting, but physical hardware still fails in physical places: broken ATMs, failed drives, damaged devices. Component-level diagnosis, part replacement, and on-site service keep repairers in demand.", "caveat": "The split within this role is the story: remote software support moved to automation years ago, while hardware service persists because devices break in the real world. Technicians who master device-level repair keep durable, location-bound work.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose equipment faults with test tools", "exposure": 38, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Disassemble and repair machines", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Install and configure equipment", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Advise customers on operation and maintenance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Hardware diagnostics", "Component repair", "Equipment installation", "Customer service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Software support automated long ago", "Physical hardware failure persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Field Service Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Specialize in complex equipment lines", "Learn networked device service", "Build OEM certifications" ] }, { "title": "IT Support Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "2-4", "actions": [ "Move into systems support", "Learn device management platforms", "Automate routine fixes" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/computer-repairers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/computer-repairers.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-equipment-repairers", "title": "Medical Equipment Repairers", "soc": "49-9062", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$61,660", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 65990, "blsSoc": "49-9062" }, "employment": "Healthcare technology maintenance role with device-complexity growth", "education": "Associate degree common", "summary": "Hospitals keep buying sophisticated, software-driven medical devices — and every one needs installation, calibration, safety testing, and repair by a qualified technician. Device complexity and regulatory requirements make this a growth trade, not an automation target.", "caveat": "The occupation maintains the technology other healthcare workers use, including AI-enabled imaging and monitoring systems. Safety regulations require documented human testing of devices that touch patients, which structurally protects the role.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Test and troubleshoot medical equipment", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Perform preventive maintenance and calibration", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Install new medical devices", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document maintenance for compliance", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Equipment diagnostics", "Safety testing", "Calibration", "Documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Device complexity grows the trade", "Patient-safety testing requires humans" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Biomedical Equipment Specialist, Imaging", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Train on imaging modalities", "Earn manufacturer certifications", "Own modality uptime" ] }, { "title": "Healthcare Technology Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Manage device inventories", "Own compliance programs", "Lead technician teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-equipment-repairers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-equipment-repairers.json" } }, { "slug": "subway-operators", "title": "Subway and Streetcar Operators", "soc": "53-4041", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$86,380", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 10200, "blsSoc": "53-4041" }, "employment": "Urban rail operations role with driverless-line precedent abroad", "education": "High school diploma plus transit authority training", "summary": "Driverless metro lines operate in several countries, making this one of transit's most concrete automation cases. US adoption faces union agreements, safety regulators, and platform-door capital costs — operators remain standard on American systems.", "caveat": "Automated metros prove the technology works on closed guideways, but conversion requires platform infrastructure and regulatory approval that US systems largely lack. The realistic horizon is long phase-in with attendant-style staffing, not removal.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 30, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drive rail-guided transit vehicles", "exposure": 48, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 28, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor for obstructions and hazards", "exposure": 34, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Direct emergency evacuations", "exposure": 16, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 32, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Report delays and mechanical problems", "exposure": 46, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Vehicle operation", "Safety compliance", "Emergency procedures", "Passenger communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Driverless metros exist abroad", "US conversion faces regulatory and capital barriers" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Rail Operations Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Manage service recovery", "Coordinate control center response", "Lead operator performance reviews" ] }, { "title": "Transit Safety Officer", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn safety certification programs", "Audit operating practices", "Investigate incidents" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/subway-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/subway-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "packers-packagers", "title": "Packers and Packagers, Hand", "soc": "53-7064", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$36,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 559820, "blsSoc": "53-7064" }, "employment": "Warehouse packing role with robotic packaging pressure", "education": "No formal educational credential", "summary": "Packing stations are warehouse automation's clearest target: dimensioning machines, auto-baggers, and robotic packers handle standard shipments. Fragile, oversized, and exception packing plus quality checks keep humans at the station.", "caveat": "Unlike general warehouse roles, packing is the specific station robotics have conquered at scale in large facilities. Smaller operations and non-standard items still need hand packers, but the automation story here is proven rather than hypothetical.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 22, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 76, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Pack and seal containers by hand", "exposure": 58, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 18, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect products for quality and specs", "exposure": 48, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 42, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Weigh, measure, and record shipments", "exposure": 62, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 40, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Assemble and pad cartons", "exposure": 44, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Packing technique", "Quality inspection", "Physical reliability", "Equipment operation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate to high displacement pressure", "Packing automation is deployed at scale", "Exception and fragile packing persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Packaging Line Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Own station throughput", "Track packing quality metrics", "Train new packers" ] }, { "title": "Warehouse Automation Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 52, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn conveyor and robot basics", "Shadow maintenance technicians", "Study safety lockout procedures" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/packers-packagers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/packers-packagers.json" } }, { "slug": "administrative-services-managers", "title": "Administrative Services Managers", "soc": "11-3012", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$114,130", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 263960, "blsSoc": "11-3012" }, "employment": "Office operations leadership managing workflow automation", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Records systems, supply management, and administrative workflows are being automated under this role's supervision. Budget control, vendor management, staffing decisions, and accountability for office operations keep the manager human-led.", "caveat": "The occupation manages the clerical layer AI is compressing, which shifts the job toward systems oversight, policy, and exception management. Managers who drive that automation become more valuable; those defending manual processes shrink with them.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct supportive services and staff", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare and review operational reports", "exposure": 66, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Control budgets for services and supplies", "exposure": 52, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop operational standards and procedures", "exposure": 48, "automation": 23, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Operations management", "Budget control", "Vendor management", "Process improvement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Manages the layer being automated", "Systems oversight is the growth path" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Administrative Operations", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own workflow automation programs", "Measure service-level outcomes", "Lead policy modernization" ] }, { "title": "Business Operations Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Broaden into cross-functional operations", "Build performance dashboards", "Lead efficiency initiatives" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/administrative-services-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/administrative-services-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "industrial-production-managers", "title": "Industrial Production Managers", "soc": "11-3051", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$126,060", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 246250, "blsSoc": "11-3051" }, "employment": "Plant leadership role overseeing automated production", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Production analytics, quality monitoring, and scheduling software automate the plant manager's information layer. Output accountability, safety compliance, staffing decisions, and problem-solving when lines go down keep plant leadership human.", "caveat": "Smart factories change what managers watch, not who is accountable. The manager's durable work is decisions under constraints — quality holds, downtime response, supplier problems — where data informs but judgment decides.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 72, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct production and processing activities", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Review schedules and resolve production problems", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Monitor quality and production reports", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 70, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Enforce safety and regulatory procedures", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Production management", "Quality systems", "Safety compliance", "Manufacturing analytics" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Plant analytics automate monitoring", "Downtime and quality accountability persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Plant Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 80, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own full plant P&L", "Lead continuous improvement", "Drive automation adoption" ] }, { "title": "Operations Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden to multi-plant scope", "Lead supply chain integration", "Build executive strategy skills" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/industrial-production-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/industrial-production-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "engineering-managers", "title": "Architectural and Engineering Managers", "soc": "11-9041", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$171,270", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 220260, "blsSoc": "11-9041" }, "employment": "Technical leadership role with strong demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree in engineering plus experience", "summary": "AI-assisted design review and project analytics accelerate the information flow to engineering managers. Design approval authority, technical staffing judgment, client negotiation, and accountability for engineering quality keep the role augmentation-led.", "caveat": "AI changes what engineering teams produce, which changes what managers review — faster output, more generated artifacts to validate. The manager's judgment about design soundness and team capability becomes more, not less, load-bearing.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 70, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 74, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct and approve project design changes", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Assess project feasibility and resources", "exposure": 44, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare budgets and review contracts", "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Present proposals to clients and management", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Technical judgment", "Project leadership", "Client negotiation", "AI design review" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Generated output raises review stakes", "Approval authority is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Engineering", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own engineering quality standards", "Lead AI tool adoption", "Manage multi-project portfolios" ] }, { "title": "VP of Engineering Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden into product strategy", "Build executive communication", "Own technology roadmaps" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/engineering-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/engineering-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "clinical-research-coordinators", "title": "Clinical Research Coordinators", "soc": "11-9121", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$167,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 108690, "blsSoc": "11-9121" }, "employment": "Trial management role with e-clinical tooling growth", "education": "Bachelor's degree in a scientific field; certification common", "summary": "Electronic data capture, AI protocol review, and remote monitoring automate trial administration. Protocol compliance, patient safety oversight, site coordination, and regulatory documentation accountability keep coordinators central to drug development.", "caveat": "This occupation maps to the natural-sciences-managers SOC with clinical research coordination as its detailed variant. Trial complexity keeps growing, and someone must own protocol adherence and subject safety — the data tools assist that accountability.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Coordinate trial phases and protocols", "exposure": 42, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 66, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Schedule subjects and perform procedures", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Prepare and review research reports", "exposure": 60, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Ensure regulatory compliance", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 66, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Protocol management", "Regulatory compliance", "Patient coordination", "Research documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "E-clinical tools automate administration", "Safety oversight accountability persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Clinical Research Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 76, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own multi-site trials", "Lead monitoring programs", "Manage regulatory submissions" ] }, { "title": "Regulatory Affairs Specialist", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn submission pathways", "Prepare regulatory documents", "Track guideline changes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/clinical-research-coordinators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/clinical-research-coordinators.json" } }, { "slug": "postmasters", "title": "Postmasters and Mail Superintendents", "soc": "11-9131", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$96,660", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13810, "blsSoc": "11-9131" }, "employment": "Postal facility leadership amid service consolidation", "education": "High school diploma plus postal experience", "summary": "Sorting automation and declining mail volume drive postal facility consolidation, which postmasters manage rather than face. Retail operations, carrier supervision, community service, and facility accountability keep the role present but shrinking.", "caveat": "This occupation's pressure is structural — fewer facilities, less volume — rather than AI-specific. Managers who run consolidated operations and retail services efficiently are retained longest in a consolidating network.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct postal facility operations", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Supervise mail processing and staff", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare activity reports and schedules", "exposure": 58, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve customer complaints", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Operations management", "Staff supervision", "Customer service", "Reporting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Facility consolidation is the driver", "Community service role persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "District Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage multiple facilities", "Own delivery performance metrics", "Lead consolidation projects" ] }, { "title": "Logistics Operations Manager", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Transfer to private logistics", "Learn parcel network operations", "Manage sortation facilities" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/postmasters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/postmasters.json" } }, { "slug": "funeral-home-managers", "title": "Funeral Home Managers", "soc": "11-9171", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$78,790", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13910, "blsSoc": "11-9171" }, "employment": "Deathcare business leadership with demographic stability", "education": "Mortuary science degree plus licensure common", "summary": "Running a funeral home blends licensed service with small-business management: pricing, staffing, vendor relationships, and community reputation. Administrative software handles paperwork; the establishment's accountability and family relationships stay human.", "caveat": "Unlike attendants who execute services, managers own the business and regulatory compliance of deathcare. It is among the most automation-immune management roles because the product is trust at a family's worst moment.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct funeral home staff and operations", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Set prices and monitor financial performance", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Consult families on service arrangements", "exposure": 20, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Ensure regulatory compliance", "exposure": 36, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Business management", "Regulatory compliance", "Family counseling", "Community relations" ], "marketSignals": [ "Very low displacement pressure", "Licensed establishment accountability", "Demographics support demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Regional Funeral Services Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Manage multiple locations", "Standardize service quality", "Build pre-need sales programs" ] }, { "title": "Cemetery Operations Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn cemetery operations", "Manage grounds and records", "Develop memorial programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/funeral-home-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/funeral-home-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "talent-agents", "title": "Agents and Business Managers of Artists, Performers, and Athletes", "soc": "13-1011", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$82,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12620, "blsSoc": "13-1011" }, "employment": "Representation role confronting synthetic performers", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "AI-generated performers and synthetic influencers now compete for the same brand dollars agents sell against. Contract negotiation, career strategy, industry relationships, and protecting clients' likeness rights keep human representation valuable.", "caveat": "The synthetic-talent trend cuts both ways: virtual artists need deals too, and likeness protection has become a core agent function. Agents who manage rights, negotiation, and long-term positioning matter more as content supply explodes.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Negotiate contracts for clients", "exposure": 30, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop career strategies with clients", "exposure": 34, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Book engagements and arrange logistics", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Promote clients to employers and sponsors", "exposure": 42, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 64, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Contract negotiation", "Career strategy", "Industry relationships", "Likeness rights management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Synthetic talent competes for bookings", "Negotiation and rights protection persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Talent Agency Partner Track", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Build a client roster", "Own department revenue", "Develop packaging deals" ] }, { "title": "Licensing and Rights Manager", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Specialize in likeness rights", "Manage IP portfolios", "Negotiate synthetic-media terms" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/talent-agents/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/talent-agents.json" } }, { "slug": "wholesale-retail-buyers", "title": "Wholesale and Retail Buyers, Except Farm Products", "soc": "13-1022", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Business and Financial Operations", "medianWage": "$71,320", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Merchandise selection role with algorithmic assortment tools", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Demand forecasting and assortment algorithms now recommend what to stock, compressing the analysis layer of buying. Vendor negotiation, product quality judgment, trend intuition, and supplier development keep experienced buyers valuable.", "caveat": "Algorithmic merchandising works best on replenishment and commodity assortment. Buyers who own new product development, vendor relationships, and category strategy operate above the algorithm rather than beneath it.", "scores": { "exposure": 64, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze sales trends to anticipate demand", "exposure": 70, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 72, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Select and order merchandise", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Negotiate prices and terms with suppliers", "exposure": 28, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect merchandise for quality", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Assortment judgment", "Vendor negotiation", "Trend analysis", "Procurement systems" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Assortment algorithms are standard", "Vendor and trend judgment endure" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Category Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own category strategy", "Validate algorithmic recommendations", "Lead vendor negotiations" ] }, { "title": "Merchandise Planner", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own demand forecasts", "Analyze inventory productivity", "Manage allocation rules" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/wholesale-retail-buyers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/wholesale-retail-buyers.json" } }, { "slug": "judicial-law-clerks", "title": "Judicial Law Clerks", "soc": "23-1012", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Legal", "medianWage": "$64,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13290, "blsSoc": "23-1012" }, "employment": "Chambers research role at the center of the judge's-AI-clerk debate", "education": "Law degree; clerkship placement", "summary": "Legal research, memo drafting, and opinion proofreading — the clerk's core output — are exactly what AI legal tools now produce in minutes. Confidential judgment, knowing the judge's reasoning, and the apprenticeship's training function keep clerkships human.", "caveat": "This is a genuinely exposed role: a capable AI assistant can draft a bench memo. But clerkships are the profession's apprenticeship, judges require confidential human counsel, and the credential's value is the relationship and judgment training, not the memos.", "scores": { "exposure": 76, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 72, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Research laws and court decisions", "exposure": 80, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 76, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare briefs and legal memoranda", "exposure": 82, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 74, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Draft and proofread judicial opinions", "exposure": 76, "automation": 48, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Confer with judges on legal questions", "exposure": 26, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Legal research", "Opinion drafting", "Confidential judgment", "AI-assisted analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Bench memo production is automatable", "Clerkship apprenticeship function persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Litigation Associate", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 156, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Convert chambers experience to firm practice", "Own case research", "Draft motions and briefs" ] }, { "title": "Career Staff Attorney", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "1-3", "actions": [ "Manage court research programs", "Supervise term clerks", "Own appellate workflow" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/judicial-law-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/judicial-law-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "fire-protection-engineers", "title": "Fire-Prevention and Protection Engineers", "soc": "17-2111", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$115,160", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 21450, "blsSoc": "17-2111" }, "employment": "Safety engineering role with code-driven demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Suppression system design, hazard analysis, and safety-code evaluation are increasingly simulation-assisted. Accident investigation, expert testimony, and accountability for life-safety design keep protection engineers professionally anchored.", "caveat": "Fire modeling software accelerates analysis, but life-safety design must be defended before code officials and sometimes courts. The engineer's stamp on suppression and egress systems is a legal responsibility that does not automate.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Evaluate designs for safety", "exposure": 44, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Investigate accidents and determine causes", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Inspect facilities for hazards and compliance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Write and revise safety regulations and codes", "exposure": 52, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Fire dynamics", "Code compliance", "Hazard analysis", "AI-assisted modeling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Simulation tools accelerate analysis", "Life-safety accountability is durable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Senior Fire Protection Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 78, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own complex building reviews", "Lead performance-based design", "Mentor junior engineers" ] }, { "title": "Risk Engineering Consultant", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move to insurance risk consulting", "Evaluate industrial fire risks", "Write loss-prevention recommendations" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fire-protection-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fire-protection-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "marine-engineers", "title": "Marine Engineers and Naval Architects", "soc": "17-2121", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$112,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8250, "blsSoc": "17-2121" }, "employment": "Ship design and operations engineering with niche demand", "education": "Bachelor's degree common", "summary": "Hull design simulation and stability analysis are heavily computational, making this an augmentation-friendly specialty. Sea trials, regulatory classification, and accountability for vessel safety keep marine engineers in design and survey authority.", "caveat": "Autonomous vessels are a long-horizon maritime topic, but they concern crews, not the engineers who design and certify ships. Classification-society standards and physical trials keep this small profession professionally protected.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Design hulls and vessel systems", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 72, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Conduct stability and performance analyses", "exposure": 52, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Evaluate vessels in dock and sea trials", "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 54, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare technical reports and specifications", "exposure": 62, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Naval architecture", "Marine systems", "Simulation modeling", "Regulatory standards" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Design computation is augmenting", "Trials and classification stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Classification Society Surveyor", "type": "adjacent_role", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 102, "trainingMonths": "3-8", "actions": [ "Learn class rules and surveys", "Conduct vessel inspections", "Document compliance findings" ] }, { "title": "Offshore Energy Engineer", "type": "industry_switch", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Transfer to offshore wind design", "Learn floating platform systems", "Join energy project teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/marine-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/marine-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "electrical-drafters", "title": "Electrical and Electronics Drafters", "soc": "17-3012", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$76,870", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 17920, "blsSoc": "17-3012" }, "employment": "Schematic production role with strong CAD-automation exposure", "education": "Associate degree or technical certificate common", "summary": "Producing wiring diagrams, circuit-board layouts, and connection specifications from engineer sketches is production drafting that design-automation tools now generate from models. Design coordination and revision judgment offer the remaining leverage.", "caveat": "Electrical design software generates schematics from rules faster than drafters draw them, which is why drafting occupations decline. Drafters who move toward design support and model coordination retain better options than pure production.", "scores": { "exposure": 80, "automation": 58, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 68, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Draft electrical drawings and diagrams", "exposure": 84, "automation": 62, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Assemble drawing documentation packages", "exposure": 76, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Review drawings for standards conformity", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 64, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Consult with engineers on design concepts", "exposure": 32, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "CAD drafting", "Electrical schematics", "Technical standards", "Revision coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Rule-based schematic generation is mature", "Design coordination offers the bridge" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Electrical Design Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Deepen circuit knowledge", "Own design calculations", "Review generated schematics" ] }, { "title": "BIM Electrical Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own model coordination", "Run clash detection", "Document electrical standards" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/electrical-drafters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/electrical-drafters.json" } }, { "slug": "mechanical-drafters", "title": "Mechanical Drafters", "soc": "17-3013", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$71,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 39960, "blsSoc": "17-3013" }, "employment": "Mechanical drawing role with model-driven design pressure", "education": "Associate degree or technical certificate common", "summary": "Producing detailed mechanical drawings from sketches and specifications is precisely the task parametric CAD and generative detailing now automate. Design revision judgment, tolerance application, and engineer collaboration keep skilled drafters in the loop.", "caveat": "Model-driven design means drawings increasingly generate themselves from the 3D model. The occupation's durable work is understanding what the drawing must communicate — tolerances, manufacturing notes, assembly logic — and correcting what automation gets wrong.", "scores": { "exposure": 78, "automation": 56, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 66, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Produce detailed mechanical drawings", "exposure": 82, "automation": 60, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Compute dimensions and specifications", "exposure": 66, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Modify designs to correct deficiencies", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coordinate with engineers and workers", "exposure": 32, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "CAD drafting", "Precision drafting and tolerancing", "Design revision", "Engineering collaboration" ], "marketSignals": [ "High substitution pressure", "Parametric models generate drawings", "Drawing-intent judgment persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Mechanical Design Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "4-9", "actions": [ "Learn design fundamentals", "Own tolerance analysis", "Prototype design changes" ] }, { "title": "CAD Standards Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Own modeling standards", "Build drawing templates", "Audit generated drawings" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mechanical-drafters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mechanical-drafters.json" } }, { "slug": "aerospace-engineering-technicians", "title": "Aerospace Engineering and Operations Technologists and Technicians", "soc": "17-3021", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$82,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 11280, "blsSoc": "17-3021" }, "employment": "Flight test and development support with program anchors", "education": "Associate degree common", "summary": "Test setup, instrumentation, and data recording for aircraft development are increasingly automated and simulated. Physical test rigs, pre-flight checkouts, and on-program troubleshooting keep technicians embedded in hardware programs.", "caveat": "Simulation replaces some test articles, but flight-test programs still need hands-on instrumentation, fixture work, and checkout procedures on real aircraft. Defense program tenure and clearances further stabilize the role.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Test aircraft systems and record data", "exposure": 42, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Set up and operate test equipment", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 54, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Interpret test data for engineers", "exposure": 44, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain test facilities and fixtures", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Test operations", "Instrumentation calibration", "Data recording", "Troubleshooting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Simulation replaces some testing", "Physical test operations persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Flight Test Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete an engineering degree", "Build test program experience", "Learn test safety protocols" ] }, { "title": "Instrumentation Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own data acquisition systems", "Calibrate test instrumentation", "Document test configurations" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/aerospace-engineering-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/aerospace-engineering-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "electrical-engineering-technicians", "title": "Electrical and Electronic Engineering Technologists and Technicians", "soc": "17-3023", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$78,190", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 95130, "blsSoc": "17-3023" }, "employment": "Electronics testing and assembly support across industries", "education": "Associate degree common", "summary": "Bench testing, prototype assembly, and circuit troubleshooting are hands-on electronics work that simulation cannot replace. Test-automation software runs the repetitive measurement sequences; technicians set them up and interpret failures.", "caveat": "Automated test equipment executes the test plan, but building the setup, diagnosing why a board fails, and repairing prototypes are physical-judgment tasks. Technicians who program the test automation move up rather than out.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Test electronic components and systems", "exposure": 46, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 66, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Assemble circuitry and prototypes", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Diagnose and resolve equipment malfunctions", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Review plans for standards compliance", "exposure": 42, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 62, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Bench testing", "Prototype assembly", "Circuit troubleshooting", "Test automation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Automated test sequences are standard", "Failure diagnosis stays hands-on" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Test Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete engineering coursework", "Learn test program development", "Own coverage metrics" ] }, { "title": "Manufacturing Test Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "2-5", "actions": [ "Build automated test setups", "Analyze failure data", "Document test procedures" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/electrical-engineering-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/electrical-engineering-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "environmental-engineering-technicians", "title": "Environmental Engineering Technologists and Technicians", "soc": "17-3025", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$59,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12190, "blsSoc": "17-3025" }, "employment": "Environmental sampling and compliance support role", "education": "Associate degree common", "summary": "Field sampling, pollution monitoring, and compliance documentation support environmental engineering projects. Remote sensors automate continuous monitoring, but sample collection, decontamination, and site inspection remain fieldwork.", "caveat": "Monitoring networks reduce manual reading rounds while creating demand for technicians who deploy and maintain them. Permit documentation and regulated sampling protocols keep the role compliance-anchored.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Collect and analyze pollution samples", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 58, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record field and laboratory data", "exposure": 58, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare environmental assessment reports", "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Inspect facilities for regulatory compliance", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Field sampling", "Monitoring equipment", "Compliance documentation", "Laboratory technique" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Sensor networks change data collection", "Regulated sampling stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Environmental Compliance Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own permit documentation", "Audit monitoring data quality", "Manage inspection schedules" ] }, { "title": "Environmental Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete an engineering degree", "Build remediation project experience", "Plan for FE and PE exams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/environmental-engineering-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/environmental-engineering-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "mechanical-engineering-technicians", "title": "Mechanical Engineering Technologists and Technicians", "soc": "17-3027", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$74,510", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 36190, "blsSoc": "17-3027" }, "employment": "Test and build support role between engineers and the shop floor", "education": "Associate degree common", "summary": "Mechanical engineering technicians build test rigs, run instrumented tests, and turn sketches into fabrication-ready drawings. Simulation software and AI-assisted CAD compress the drafting and calculation load, while rigging, instrumentation, and hands-on troubleshooting stay on the bench.", "caveat": "Generative design and automated analysis shrink routine calculation work, but prototypes fail in physical ways software does not predict. Technicians who can instrument a test and interpret anomalous results remain the engineer's force multiplier.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Test machines and components against specifications", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Record test procedures and results", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 68, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Interpret engineering sketches and drawings", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Assemble and disassemble mechanical systems", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "CAD drafting", "Test instrumentation calibration", "Troubleshooting", "Precision fabrication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Generative design cuts routine drafting", "Physical testing stays hands-on" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Mechanical Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete an engineering degree", "Sit for the FE exam", "Own a design project end to end" ] }, { "title": "Test Operations Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run test scheduling", "Own test data quality", "Mentor junior technicians" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mechanical-engineering-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mechanical-engineering-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "cartographers", "title": "Cartographers and Photogrammetrists", "soc": "17-1021", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$81,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 14260, "blsSoc": "17-1021" }, "employment": "Mapmaking role transformed by automated generalization", "education": "Bachelor degree typical", "summary": "Cartographers compile aerial imagery, survey notes, and satellite data into maps, and automated generalization now drafts much of that compilation. AI feature extraction from imagery is genuinely good, so the role is shifting toward database design, accuracy verification, and editorial judgment about what a map should say.", "caveat": "This is one of the honest moderate-exposure geospatial roles: routine map production is increasingly automated. What persists is geodetic rigor, legal-boundary work, and accountability for maps that navigation, defense, and land-title systems depend on.", "scores": { "exposure": 68, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 63 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compile data required for map preparation", "exposure": 70, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Examine surveys, aerial photos, and satellite images", "exposure": 64, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Inspect final compositions for completeness and accuracy", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Build and update digital databases", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "GIS data analysis", "Map design", "Accuracy verification", "Geospatial databases" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI extracts map features from imagery", "Legal-boundary work stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "GIS Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own spatial analysis projects", "Automate data pipelines", "Serve internal map clients" ] }, { "title": "Geospatial Data Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Learn cloud geospatial tooling", "Build ETL for imagery", "Add scripting to production work" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cartographers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cartographers.json" } }, { "slug": "surveying-technicians", "title": "Surveying and Mapping Technicians", "soc": "17-3031", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$54,240", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 58010, "blsSoc": "17-3031" }, "employment": "Field-to-map production role squeezed at both ends", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training; associate degree common", "summary": "Surveying and mapping technicians hold the rods, run the total stations, and turn field measurements into map layers. GNSS receivers, drones, and automated plotters compress both collection and drafting, leaving instrument setup, error checking, and boundary research as the durable core.", "caveat": "Drone photogrammetry and robotic total stations reduce crew sizes on routine jobs. Construction staking, contested boundary research, and adequacy checks against legal standards still require a technician who understands where measurements go wrong.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Position rods and targets for sighting", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check map layers and mark errors", "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Produce and update overlay maps", "exposure": 66, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 60, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Compile information to stake construction projects", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Survey equipment operation", "CAD drafting", "Quality checks", "Field data collection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Drones shrink field crews", "Boundary disputes need human judgment" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Licensed Land Surveyor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "24-48", "actions": [ "Accumulate supervised field hours", "Study for the FS and PS exams", "Own boundary research files" ] }, { "title": "GIS Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move field data into geodatabases", "Automate routine map production", "Serve engineering clients" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/surveying-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/surveying-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "soil-plant-scientists", "title": "Soil and Plant Scientists", "soc": "19-1013", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$78,850", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 15730, "blsSoc": "19-1013" }, "employment": "Agricultural research role feeding precision-ag pipelines", "education": "Bachelor degree minimum; doctoral degree for research", "summary": "Soil and plant scientists run field experiments on crop varieties, soil health, and land management. Sensor networks and satellite imagery now stream the data they once collected by hand, and AI phenotyping scores plots faster than any field crew, but experiment design and agronomic judgment still set the questions.", "caveat": "Precision-agriculture platforms automate measurement, not interpretation. Advising farmers on degraded soils, designing variety trials, and defending recommendations to landowners remain judgment work anchored in field observation.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct experiments on new crop varieties", "exposure": 42, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise farmers on land use and erosion", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Investigate soil problems and water quality", "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Communicate research results to professionals", "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Experimental design", "Field sampling", "Agronomic data analysis", "Landowner advisory" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI phenotyping speeds plot scoring", "Farm advising stays relationship work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Precision Agriculture Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own sensor and imagery data", "Validate AI plot scoring", "Translate analytics for growers" ] }, { "title": "Agronomy Research Lead", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete a graduate degree", "Lead variety trial programs", "Publish applied research" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/soil-plant-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/soil-plant-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "astronomers", "title": "Astronomers", "soc": "19-2011", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$128,820", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2120, "blsSoc": "19-2011" }, "employment": "Small research field riding the survey-data deluge", "education": "Doctoral degree required", "summary": "Astronomy is already a machine-learning field: survey telescopes generate more data than humans can inspect, and ML pipelines classify objects, flag anomalies, and clean images as standard practice. The astronomer's work is choosing the questions, building the instruments and software, and deciding what a detection means.", "caveat": "AI has been embedded in observational astronomy for years without shrinking the field, because data volume grew faster than automation. Proposal writing, instrument development, and theoretical interpretation remain the scarce human contributions.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze research data using computers", "exposure": 62, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 74, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Study phenomena with telescopes and instruments", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Present findings at conferences and in journals", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Mentor graduate students and junior colleagues", "exposure": 20, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Research data analysis", "Scientific computing", "Machine learning", "Graduate mentoring" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "ML pipelines are standard tooling", "Grant competition keeps publication human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Data Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Productize ML pipelines", "Learn industry data stacks", "Translate research into business cases" ] }, { "title": "Observatory Instrument Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own instrument calibration", "Lead observing programs", "Train survey pipeline users" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/astronomers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/astronomers.json" } }, { "slug": "materials-scientists", "title": "Materials Scientists", "soc": "19-2032", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$117,790", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8470, "blsSoc": "19-2032" }, "employment": "Discovery research role with AI screening candidates upstream", "education": "Bachelor degree minimum; doctoral degree common", "summary": "Materials scientists study metals, polymers, and ceramics to develop products with specific properties. Materials-discovery AI now screens thousands of candidate compounds before a lab test runs, shifting the human work toward experiment planning, failure analysis, and validating what the models propose.", "caveat": "AI narrows the search space; it does not run the furnace or explain why a part failed in service. Physical testing, production supervision, and accountability for material performance in safety-critical applications keep the role laboratory-anchored.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Research structures and properties of materials", "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Test samples under tension, compression, and shear", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Plan laboratory experiments for feasibility", "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare reports and technical manuals", "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Materials testing", "Laboratory technique", "AI-assisted discovery", "Failure analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Discovery AI screens candidates upstream", "Physical validation stays in the lab" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Materials Informatics Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Curate training datasets", "Validate model predictions", "Own the screening pipeline" ] }, { "title": "Materials Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add engineering coursework", "Own production material specs", "Lead qualification testing" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/materials-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/materials-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "geoscientists", "title": "Geoscientists", "soc": "19-2042", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$101,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 23470, "blsSoc": "19-2042" }, "employment": "Field-and-subsurface science with ML interpretation assists", "education": "Bachelor degree minimum; master degree common", "summary": "Geoscientists interpret well logs, seismic surveys, and field samples to locate resources and assess hazards. Machine learning now pre-interprets seismic sections and classifies formations, but ground-truthing a model against an actual outcrop, and staking a drilling decision on it, stays with the geologist.", "caveat": "Subsurface interpretation software is a real productivity gain, not a replacement: models trained on known basins degrade quietly in new geology. Field mapping, sample classification, and professional sign-off on hazard and resource assessments remain human accountabilities.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan and conduct field studies and surveys", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Analyze geological data using computer software", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare geological maps, diagrams, and reports", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Advise firms and agencies on land use", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Subsurface data analysis", "Field mapping", "Geological modeling", "Technical reporting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "ML pre-interprets seismic surveys", "Hazard sign-off stays professional" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Geological Data Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build subsurface ML skills", "Validate model interpretations", "Own data quality for models" ] }, { "title": "Senior Consulting Geologist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead client engagements", "Sign off on hazard assessments", "Mentor field staff" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/geoscientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/geoscientists.json" } }, { "slug": "hydrologists", "title": "Hydrologists", "soc": "19-2043", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$96,600", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 5850, "blsSoc": "19-2043" }, "employment": "Water-science role upstream of flood-model automation", "education": "Bachelor degree minimum; master degree common", "summary": "Hydrologists measure streamflows, model watersheds, and forecast floods and water supply. Gauge telemetry and ML-enhanced flood models automate the measurement and first-pass prediction, while investigators who design studies, calibrate instruments, and defend forecasts to water managers remain essential.", "caveat": "Flood forecasting models are genuinely improving, which raises the stakes for hydrologists who can validate them against local conditions. Regulatory water decisions require a scientist who can explain uncertainty, not a model output alone.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Measure and graph streamflows and water levels", "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Design and conduct hydrogeological investigations", "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop computer models for hydrologic predictions", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 70, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Install, maintain, and calibrate monitoring instruments", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Hydrologic modeling", "Instrument calibration", "Data analysis", "Water resource reporting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "ML improves flood lead times", "Regulatory defense needs a scientist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Water Resources Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete engineering coursework", "Sit for the FE exam", "Own infrastructure studies" ] }, { "title": "Flood Risk Modeler", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master probabilistic forecasting", "Serve insurance and planning clients", "Validate ML flood models" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/hydrologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/hydrologists.json" } }, { "slug": "sociologists", "title": "Sociologists", "soc": "19-3041", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$106,030", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2260, "blsSoc": "19-3041" }, "employment": "Research role where the subjects talk back", "education": "Master or doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Sociologists design studies of groups, institutions, and social behavior. Text analysis and survey-modeling tools now process qualitative data at scale, but gaining access to communities, designing instruments people will actually answer, and interpreting behavior in context remain fieldwork judgment.", "caveat": "Computational tools change the analysis phase more than the research itself. Interview trust, participant observation, and the ethics of studying people keep sociologists in the loop, and policy clients still want an accountable interpreter of findings.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze and interpret data on social behavior", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop questionnaires and interview methods", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Collect data through observation and interviews", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Advise administrators and legislators on findings", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Survey design", "Qualitative research", "Statistical analysis", "Policy advisory" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Text analysis scales qualitative coding", "Community access stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Policy Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Serve agency clients", "Translate findings into briefs", "Own evaluation studies" ] }, { "title": "Applied Research Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead mixed-methods teams", "Own client relationships", "Publish applied studies" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/sociologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/sociologists.json" } }, { "slug": "anthropologists-archeologists", "title": "Anthropologists and Archeologists", "soc": "19-3091", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$70,770", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8990, "blsSoc": "19-3091" }, "employment": "Field science with a cultural-resource compliance anchor", "education": "Master degree typical; doctoral degree for research", "summary": "Anthropologists and archeologists excavate sites, study cultures, and interpret material remains. LiDAR survey and AI artifact classification speed up detection and cataloging, but excavation is destructive, unrepeatable fieldwork, and ethnographic research depends on trust that no instrument collects.", "caveat": "Cultural resource management, the mandated site surveys before construction, provides a compliance-anchored employment base. Remote sensing finds more sites, which means more field verification, not fewer archeologists.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Survey and assess sites of past societies", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Collect information through observation and interviews", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Create data records of social patterns", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Write and present research findings", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Excavation technique", "Artifact documentation", "Ethnographic research", "Cultural compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "LiDAR expands site discovery", "CRM law mandates field surveys" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Cultural Resource Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own compliance surveys", "Manage agency consultations", "Lead field crews" ] }, { "title": "GIS Heritage Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Digitize site records", "Run remote-sensing workflows", "Serve preservation clients" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/anthropologists-archeologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/anthropologists-archeologists.json" } }, { "slug": "geographers", "title": "Geographers", "soc": "19-3092", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$102,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1400, "blsSoc": "19-3092" }, "employment": "Spatial-science role absorbed into the GIS economy", "education": "Bachelor degree minimum; master degree for advanced roles", "summary": "Geographers study the distribution of physical and cultural phenomena across space. Automated data compilation and AI-assisted cartography handle routine mapping, shifting the work toward spatial analysis design, consulting on location and hazard questions, and maintaining the geographic data systems organizations now depend on.", "caveat": "The title is shrinking while the skill set expands: spatial analysis demand is strong in logistics, insurance, and climate risk. Geographers who own GIS infrastructure and advisory work ride that demand; those limited to map production face the automation directly.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Gather and compile geographic data", "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Create maps using geographic information software", "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Analyze geographic distributions of phenomena", "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Provide consulting on location and hazards", "exposure": 32, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "GIS analysis", "Spatial data compilation", "Map design", "Location consultation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Spatial demand grows outside the title", "Consulting judgment resists automation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "GIS Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own enterprise geodatabases", "Automate spatial workflows", "Serve operations clients" ] }, { "title": "Location Intelligence Consultant", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead site-selection studies", "Quantify hazard exposure", "Advise expansion decisions" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/geographers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/geographers.json" } }, { "slug": "historians", "title": "Historians", "soc": "19-3093", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$76,750", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3450, "blsSoc": "19-3093" }, "employment": "Archive-based research role meeting handwritten-text recognition", "education": "Master or doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Historians gather evidence from archives, diaries, and records, then judge its authenticity and significance. Handwritten-text recognition and AI summarization now transcribe and digest documents at scale, which expands the searchable archive while putting a premium on source criticism, the discipline's core skill.", "caveat": "AI summarization flattens exactly what historians are trained to catch: bias, provenance, and what a source does not say. Interpretation, exhibit and publication judgment, and archival discovery of un-digitized material remain stubbornly human work.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Gather historical data from archives and records", "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Analyze authenticity and significance of sources", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare publications and exhibits", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Conserve and preserve manuscripts and artifacts", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Archival research", "Document analysis", "Historical writing", "Records preservation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "HTR opens unsearched archives", "Summarization raises demand for source critics" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Digital Humanities Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build digital collections", "Run transcription pipelines", "Teach verification methods" ] }, { "title": "Archivist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own collection policies", "Digitize priority holdings", "Serve researcher requests" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/historians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/historians.json" } }, { "slug": "political-scientists", "title": "Political Scientists", "soc": "19-3094", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$142,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 5540, "blsSoc": "19-3094" }, "employment": "Policy research role with text-analysis tooling", "education": "Master or doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Political scientists test theories against election data, surveys, legislation, and case law. Natural-language tools now code political text and draft literature reviews quickly, but research design, forecast accountability, and advising decision-makers on what a trend means remain judgment work.", "caveat": "Polling misses and forecast failures are reminders that political prediction resists full automation. The role's durable core is choosing what to study, defending methods, and interpreting events that have no training data.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 64, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop and test theories from source material", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Collect and interpret election and opinion data", "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Forecast political, economic, and social trends", "exposure": 58, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Disseminate results through publications and presentations", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Political data analysis", "Research methodology", "Forecasting", "Academic writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Text tools speed literature work", "Forecast accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Policy Advisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Brief decision-makers", "Own issue portfolios", "Translate research into options" ] }, { "title": "Political Risk Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Serve corporate clients", "Quantify country risk", "Stress-test forecast models" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/political-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/political-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "chemical-technicians", "title": "Chemical Technicians", "soc": "19-4031", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$60,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 57540, "blsSoc": "19-4031" }, "employment": "Bench-support role with automated analyzers in the lab", "education": "Associate degree common", "summary": "Chemical technicians set up experiments, run chromatography and spectroscopy tests, and monitor product quality. Automated analyzers and lab information systems handle the repetitive runs, while sample prep, instrument maintenance, and catching results that look wrong keep technicians on the bench.", "caveat": "Lab automation increases throughput per technician rather than eliminating the bench. Safety audits, non-routine analyses, and the physical reality of spills, clogs, and contamination keep this a hands-on role with moderate, not severe, pressure.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct laboratory tests on materials", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Set up experiments using chromatography and spectroscopy", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Compile and interpret test results", "exposure": 60, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain and sterilize laboratory instruments", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Laboratory technique", "Instrument calibration", "Quality control", "Safety procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Automated analyzers raise throughput", "Non-routine samples need a bench tech" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Quality Control Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own release testing", "Audit lab data integrity", "Lead deviation investigations" ] }, { "title": "Chemist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete a chemistry degree", "Learn method development", "Publish validation work" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/chemical-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/chemical-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "environmental-science-technicians", "title": "Environmental Science Technicians", "soc": "19-4042", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$55,090", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 34670, "blsSoc": "19-4042" }, "employment": "Pollution sampling role sharing the sensor-network shift", "education": "Associate degree common", "summary": "Environmental science and protection technicians collect air, soil, and water samples, run pollutant tests, and document hazardous conditions. Continuous monitoring stations automate routine readings, but regulated chain-of-custody sampling, spill investigation, and field inspection stay physical and accountability-bound.", "caveat": "Sensor networks change where technicians spend time: more deployment and data QA, fewer manual rounds. Contamination events and enforcement cases require defensible samples collected by a person who can testify to the process.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Collect samples of gases, soils, and water", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record test data and prepare reports", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Set up stations to monitor pollutants", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Investigate hazardous conditions and spills", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Field sampling", "Monitoring equipment", "Laboratory testing", "Compliance documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Sensors automate routine readings", "Enforcement sampling stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Environmental Health Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own inspection programs", "Manage monitoring networks", "Write enforcement-ready reports" ] }, { "title": "Environmental Scientist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 142, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete a science degree", "Lead remediation studies", "Master regulatory frameworks" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/environmental-science-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/environmental-science-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "nuclear-technicians", "title": "Nuclear Technicians", "soc": "19-4051", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$110,240", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 6470, "blsSoc": "19-4051" }, "employment": "Regulated plant role where automation is deliberately slow", "education": "Associate degree plus extensive on-the-job training", "summary": "Nuclear technicians monitor reactor equipment, run surveillance tests, and control radiation exposure under tightly regulated procedures. Plants add digital monitoring and predictive maintenance, but the industry's regulatory culture automates slowly, and every abnormal-event response is staffed by qualified humans.", "caveat": "This is one of the most regulation-anchored technical roles in the economy. Monitoring software assists operators, but procedural compliance, exposure calculations, and immediate response to alarms are designated human duties by design.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor nuclear reactor equipment performance", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Conduct surveillance testing of nuclear equipment", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Calculate safe radiation exposure times", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Provide initial response to abnormal events and alarms", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Radiation safety", "Equipment monitoring", "Regulatory compliance", "Emergency response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Digital monitoring assists operators", "Regulation keeps response human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Senior Reactor Operator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete license training", "Log qualified watch hours", "Pass NRC examinations" ] }, { "title": "Health Physics Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own dosimetry programs", "Lead contamination surveys", "Brief plant leadership" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/nuclear-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/nuclear-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "forest-conservation-technicians", "title": "Forest and Conservation Technicians", "soc": "19-4071", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$54,560", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 30410, "blsSoc": "19-4071" }, "employment": "Fieldwork-heavy role with drone and mapping assists", "education": "Associate degree common", "summary": "Forest and conservation technicians thin stands, patrol forests, map tract data, and lead seasonal crews. Drones and digital mapping improve surveying and fire detection, but the work itself happens in terrain: cutting, planting, patrolling, and enforcing regulations where the trees are.", "caveat": "This is a physical-presence role with modest automation exposure. Remote sensing changes how technicians target their work; it does not walk the tract, run the chainsaw, or lead the fire crew.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Thin and space trees and control undergrowth", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Train and lead forest and conservation workers", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Patrol park and forest areas to protect resources", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Map forest tract data using digital systems", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Field technique", "Crew leadership", "GIS data", "Regulatory enforcement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Drones improve fire detection", "Terrain keeps work physical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Forester", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete a forestry degree", "Earn state registration", "Lead management plans" ] }, { "title": "Wildfire Management Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn fire qualifications", "Run prescribed burns", "Coordinate response crews" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/forest-conservation-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/forest-conservation-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "social-science-research-assistants", "title": "Social Science Research Assistants", "soc": "19-4061", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$61,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 30640, "blsSoc": "19-4061" }, "employment": "Data-prep support role in the automation front line", "education": "Bachelor degree typical", "summary": "Social science research assistants clean datasets, run statistical analyses, and prepare the tables and reports behind academic research. This is squarely in the current AI competence zone: code generation, data cleaning, and first-draft summaries compress exactly the tasks that define the role.", "caveat": "The honest read is elevated exposure: assistants who only run assigned analyses face real compression. Data validation judgment, quality control procedures, and knowing when a result is nonsense remain the defensible skills, and the ladder into research roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 50, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Perform statistical analyses using computer software", "exposure": 68, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Verify accuracy and validity of database entries", "exposure": 64, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Prepare tables and reports summarizing results", "exposure": 70, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Conduct internet-based and library research", "exposure": 66, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Statistical analysis", "Data quality", "Research reporting", "Literature research" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI drafts code and summaries", "Validation judgment is the moat" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Data Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 74, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own analysis end to end", "Build reusable pipelines", "Present findings to stakeholders" ] }, { "title": "Research Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Manage study operations", "Own data quality protocols", "Supervise junior assistants" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/social-science-research-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/social-science-research-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "occupational-health-safety-technicians", "title": "Occupational Health and Safety Technicians", "soc": "19-5012", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$61,560", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 30590, "blsSoc": "19-5012" }, "employment": "Inspection and testing counterpart to safety specialists", "education": "Associate degree or postsecondary certificate", "summary": "Occupational health and safety technicians test workplaces for hazards, maintain protective equipment, and keep environmental records: the measurement arm of safety programs, distinct from the specialists who design them. Sensor-based monitoring automates readings, while inspections, equipment verification, and worker training stay on-site.", "caveat": "Compared with safety specialists, technicians do more instrument work and less policy design, which cuts both ways: sensors automate some testing, but regulated inspection schedules and protective-equipment verification keep a technician physically present.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Test workplaces for environmental hazards", "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Maintain required environmental records", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Verify availability and use of safety equipment", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Train workers in safety procedures", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Hazard testing", "Safety equipment", "Records documentation", "Worker training" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Sensors automate routine readings", "Inspection schedules are mandated" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Occupational Health and Safety Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 72, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Design safety programs", "Lead risk assessments", "Own regulatory filings" ] }, { "title": "EHS Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run site audit calendars", "Manage incident investigations", "Train supervisors" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/occupational-health-safety-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/occupational-health-safety-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "business-professors", "title": "Business Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1011", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$99,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 82150, "blsSoc": "25-1011" }, "employment": "Faculty role racing the AI-native curriculum", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Business faculty teach finance, marketing, and operations while employers demand graduates who can manage AI tools, forcing the fastest curriculum redesign in the university. Case-method discussion, practitioner networks, and research credibility keep faculty central; lecture-drafting and grading compress first.", "caveat": "The case method survives because it teaches judgment under ambiguity, not information recall. Faculty who rebuild courses around AI-assisted analysis teach what employers are actually hiring for; those who only lecture from slides face recorded-content competition.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 71, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver lectures on business topics", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 72, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Plan and revise curricula and course materials", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise students on academic and career issues", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Business instruction", "Curriculum design", "Case facilitation", "Career advising" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI-native curriculum demand is rising", "Case discussion resists recording" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum redesign", "Manage faculty hiring", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Executive Education Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Sell corporate programs", "Build AI-fluency curricula", "Manage practitioner faculty" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/business-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/business-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "math-professors", "title": "Mathematical Science Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1022", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$79,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 47670, "blsSoc": "25-1022" }, "employment": "Faculty role teaching the tool's own foundations", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Mathematics faculty teach linear algebra and differential equations while AI solves the problem sets instantly. That forces assessment redesign, from oral exams to in-class derivation and AI-critical assignments, while the conceptual teaching and research supervision that define the role stay human.", "caveat": "AI solves routine problems but still fails on novel proofs in ways students must learn to catch, which makes mathematical verification skills more valuable, not less. Demand for rigorous quantitative education is rising with the AI economy.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 71, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver lectures on mathematics", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Compile, administer, and grade examinations", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Supervise graduate teaching and research", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Keep abreast of advances in the field", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Mathematical instruction", "Assessment design", "Graduate supervision", "Research writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Problem-set solving is automated", "Quantitative demand keeps growing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead assessment redesign", "Manage faculty hiring", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Quantitative Curriculum Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build AI-aware problem sets", "Design verification assessments", "Measure learning outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/math-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/math-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "engineering-professors", "title": "Engineering Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1032", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$109,270", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 40270, "blsSoc": "25-1032" }, "employment": "Faculty role anchored by accredited labs and design projects", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Engineering faculty lecture, run laboratories, supervise design projects, and write grants. AI handles problem-set solutions and drafts documentation, but accredited programs require hands-on lab instruction and supervised capstone work: physical verification of what students actually built.", "caveat": "ABET accreditation keeps laboratory and design instruction at the center of the degree, and research funding still rewards novel ideas over generated text. Faculty who teach students to verify AI-generated designs raise the discipline's value.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 71, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise student laboratory work", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 50, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prepare and deliver engineering lectures", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Write grant proposals for research funding", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate laboratory work and assignments", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Engineering instruction", "Laboratory supervision", "Grant writing", "Design project mentoring" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Accreditation anchors lab instruction", "AI-generated designs need verification teaching" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead accreditation reviews", "Manage research portfolios", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Industry Liaison Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build corporate partnerships", "Place capstone projects", "Commercialize lab research" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/engineering-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/engineering-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "physics-professors", "title": "Physics Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1054", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$100,310", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13090, "blsSoc": "25-1054" }, "employment": "Faculty role where labs grade the AI", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Physics faculty teach quantum mechanics and optics while AI solves textbook problems and drafts lab reports. Laboratory supervision exposes what students actually understand, and research at the frontier, where training data runs out, keeps the discipline's human core intact.", "caveat": "AI is strongest on solved physics and weakest on the unsolved kind, which is exactly where faculty research lives. Assessment is shifting toward in-person derivation and lab verification, a redesign faculty lead rather than suffer.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 71, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver physics lectures", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Supervise student laboratory work", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 50, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Compile, administer, and grade examinations", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Supervise graduate research work", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Physics instruction", "Laboratory supervision", "Assessment design", "Research mentoring" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Textbook problems are automated", "Frontier research stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum redesign", "Manage research portfolios", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Computational Physics Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own simulation curricula", "Audit AI problem-solving tools", "Lead research computing" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/physics-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/physics-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "psychology-professors", "title": "Psychology Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1066", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$80,340", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 41530, "blsSoc": "25-1066" }, "employment": "Faculty role with a research-methods anchor", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Psychology faculty teach abnormal psychology and cognitive processes while running research programs on human behavior, including how humans interact with AI. Statistical tooling automates analysis, but study design, research ethics, and methods training are the discipline's defensible core.", "caveat": "Demand for psychology graduates is rising across clinical and product research paths, and replication-crisis awareness makes methods instruction more valued, not less. Faculty who teach students to audit AI-generated analyses guard the field's credibility.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 71, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver psychology lectures", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Conduct research and publish findings", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Supervise graduate teaching and research", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Psychology instruction", "Research methods", "Statistical analysis", "Graduate mentoring" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Behavioral-AI research demand grows", "Methods teaching gains value" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead methods curriculum", "Manage faculty hiring", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Behavioral Research Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run human-AI interaction studies", "Serve product research teams", "Publish applied findings" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/psychology-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/psychology-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "economics-professors", "title": "Economics Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1063", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$123,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 11560, "blsSoc": "25-1063" }, "employment": "Faculty role where forecasting tools meet forecasting teachers", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Economics faculty teach econometrics and price theory while ML forecasting tools commoditize routine prediction. That shifts teaching toward causal identification, model critique, and data judgment: the parts of economics where automated forecasts fail most visibly.", "caveat": "Students still need to learn why a regression lies, and employers pay for economists who can interrogate a model rather than accept one. Research originality and methods instruction keep faculty on the productive side of the tooling shift.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 71, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver lectures on economics", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Conduct research and publish findings", "exposure": 50, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise students on curricula and careers", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Economics instruction", "Econometric modeling", "Data analysis", "Career advising" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "ML commoditizes routine forecasts", "Causal judgment teaching rises in value" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum redesign", "Manage faculty hiring", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Economic Consulting Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Serve litigation and policy clients", "Own econometric analyses", "Manage analyst teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/economics-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/economics-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "history-professors", "title": "History Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1125", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$83,820", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 18790, "blsSoc": "25-1125" }, "employment": "Faculty role teaching source criticism in the summary era", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "History faculty teach students to interrogate sources while AI summarizes those sources instantly and confidently. That makes the discipline's core skill, detecting bias, provenance, and omission, more valuable to teach, even as lecture content itself becomes cheap to generate.", "caveat": "The classroom pressure is real: AI-written essays force assessment redesign toward in-class analysis and oral defense. But a generation raised on generated summaries needs source criticism more than any before it, and faculty are the ones who teach it.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 71, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver lectures on history", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Conduct research and publish findings", "exposure": 50, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 56, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Review books and articles for publication", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "History instruction", "Source research", "Academic writing", "Seminar facilitation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI essays force assessment redesign", "Source criticism demand grows" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead assessment redesign", "Manage faculty hiring", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Public History Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead exhibits and programming", "Serve community partners", "Digitize collections" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/history-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/history-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "communications-professors", "title": "Communications Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1122", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$78,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 29420, "blsSoc": "25-1122" }, "employment": "Faculty role inside the disrupted media economy", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Communications faculty teach public speaking, media criticism, and journalism-adjacent skills while the media industry their students enter is being rebuilt around AI content. That overlap makes the curriculum urgent: students need verification, audience judgment, and performance skills that generated content cannot supply.", "caveat": "Media-industry disruption cuts enrollment in legacy tracks but raises demand for teaching that separates credible communication from generated noise. Performance instruction, from speaking to interviewing to live presentation, is inherently in-person work.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 71, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver lectures on communications", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Initiate and moderate classroom discussions", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 56, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise students on academic and career issues", "exposure": 26, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Communications instruction", "Media analysis", "Public speaking coaching", "Career advising" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Student-facing media industry is disrupted", "Performance skills stay in-person" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum redesign", "Manage faculty hiring", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Strategic Communications Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own organizational messaging", "Lead crisis communication", "Manage content teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/communications-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/communications-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "criminal-justice-professors", "title": "Criminal Justice and Law Enforcement Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1111", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$76,590", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13150, "blsSoc": "25-1111" }, "employment": "Faculty role feeding the practitioner pipeline", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Criminal justice faculty teach criminal law, policing, and investigation techniques to students headed for agencies and courts. AI drafting tools compress lecture prep and grading, but the field's practitioner pipeline, from scenario training to legal procedure to agency partnerships, keeps instruction grounded in practice.", "caveat": "Enrollment follows public-safety hiring, which remains strong. Faculty with practitioner credibility teach the judgment calls, use of force, due process, evidence handling, that agencies will not delegate to software.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 69, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 71, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver lectures on criminal justice", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 68, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Initiate and moderate classroom discussions", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Participate in student recruitment and placement", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Legal instruction", "Scenario facilitation", "Practitioner advising", "Curriculum design" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Agency hiring drives enrollment", "Scenario judgment stays human-taught" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum redesign", "Manage agency partnerships", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Academy Training Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run scenario programs", "Certify recruits", "Advise agency leadership" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/criminal-justice-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/criminal-justice-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "museum-technicians", "title": "Museum Technicians and Conservators", "soc": "25-4013", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$51,440", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12310, "blsSoc": "25-4013" }, "employment": "Hands-on conservation role beside the catalog digitization wave", "education": "Bachelor degree typical; conservation training valued", "summary": "Museum technicians and conservators install, repair, and preserve artifacts: cleaning textiles, fabricating missing parts, and preparing objects for exhibition and shipping. Digitization and AI cataloging transform collection records, but conservation is irreversible handwork on irreplaceable objects.", "caveat": "Compared with archivists and curators, the technician role is the most physical of the three: databases get automated, artifacts do not. Condition judgment and restoration technique are apprenticeship skills with no software substitute.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install and prepare artifacts for exhibition", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Repair and restore artifacts to original appearance", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Photograph objects for documentation", "exposure": 46, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Enter collection information into databases", "exposure": 62, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Conservation technique", "Artifact handling", "Collection documentation", "Preservation standards" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Digitization automates cataloging", "Restoration stays handwork" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Conservator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete a conservation graduate program", "Log supervised treatment hours", "Publish treatment research" ] }, { "title": "Collections Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own collection databases", "Run condition audit cycles", "Manage loans and shipping" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/museum-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/museum-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "neurologists", "title": "Neurologists", "soc": "29-1217", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$248,560", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 10590, "blsSoc": "29-1217" }, "employment": "Brain-and-nerves specialty with imaging and EEG assists", "education": "Doctoral degree plus neurology residency and board certification", "summary": "Neurologists diagnose stroke, dementia, epilepsy, and movement disorders through examination findings, histories, and test interpretation. AI assists with EEG reading and imaging triage, but the neurological exam, pattern recognition across strength, reflexes, sensation, and cognition, is a bedside skill, and treatment plans carry real risk.", "caveat": "Decision support flags seizures and bleed patterns earlier, which helps rather than threatens: demand for neurological care is growing with an aging population, and liability, prognosis conversations, and complex differential diagnosis keep the physician accountable.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine patients for functional neurological status", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Perform or interpret EEG, EMG, and nerve conduction tests", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 62, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Diagnose conditions from examination and test findings", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Inform patients and families of diagnoses and prognoses", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical diagnosis", "Diagnostic testing", "Treatment planning", "Patient counseling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI flags EEG and imaging findings", "Aging demographics drive demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Neurodiagnostic Lab Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own EEG and EMG quality", "Supervise technologists", "Set interpretation protocols" ] }, { "title": "Chief of Neurology", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead service line growth", "Manage stroke program quality", "Mentor residents" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/neurologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/neurologists.json" } }, { "slug": "pathologists", "title": "Pathologists", "soc": "29-1222", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$312,400", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 11110, "blsSoc": "29-1222" }, "employment": "Diagnosis specialty where AI slide reading is furthest along", "education": "Doctoral degree plus pathology residency and board certification", "summary": "Pathologists diagnose disease from microscopic slides and laboratory data, the specialty where digital pathology plus AI slide reading is most advanced, echoing radiology. AI screens slides and quantifies features, while pathologists integrate ambiguous morphology with clinical context and sign the report that directs surgery and oncology.", "caveat": "This is the honest parallel to radiology: pattern recognition on slides is genuinely automatable, and adoption is real. What persists is the differential on unusual cases, laboratory management, tumor-board consultation, and legal responsibility for the diagnosis.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine microscopic samples to identify disease", "exposure": 58, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Diagnose diseases using histology and molecular techniques", "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Write pathology reports summarizing conclusions", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Consult with physicians on tests and treatments", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Histopathologic diagnosis", "Laboratory management", "AI review oversight", "Physician consultation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Digital pathology AI is deployed", "Diagnostic accountability stays signed" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Laboratory Medical Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Own lab quality systems", "Manage CLIA compliance", "Lead test menu strategy" ] }, { "title": "Digital Pathology Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deploy slide-scanning workflows", "Validate AI screening tools", "Train sign-out teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/pathologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/pathologists.json" } }, { "slug": "ophthalmologists", "title": "Ophthalmologists", "soc": "29-1241", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$300,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8950, "blsSoc": "29-1241" }, "employment": "Surgical eye specialty with strong image-AI screening", "education": "Doctoral degree plus ophthalmology residency and board certification", "summary": "Ophthalmologists combine clinic diagnosis with surgery: cataract, glaucoma, and retinal procedures. AI screening of retinal photos and OCT scans is genuinely strong and already deployed in diabetic retinopathy detection, which extends screening reach; the surgical and interventional half of the specialty remains entirely hands-on.", "caveat": "Image AI handles population screening, routing more patients to treatment rather than replacing treatment. Surgical skill, postoperative management, and judgment on when to operate anchor the role, and screening expansion grows the procedure pipeline.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Perform comprehensive examinations of the visual system", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 54, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Perform ophthalmic surgeries", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Perform, order, and interpret diagnostic tests", "exposure": 46, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 60, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Develop treatment plans weighing risks and benefits", "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Ocular diagnosis", "Surgical technique", "OCT imaging review", "Postoperative patient care" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI screening expands detection", "Surgery volume stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fellowship Subspecialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete a retina or cornea fellowship", "Build referral networks", "Publish surgical outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Ophthalmic Service Line Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Grow surgical volume", "Deploy AI screening programs", "Manage clinic operations" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/ophthalmologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/ophthalmologists.json" } }, { "slug": "radiation-therapists", "title": "Radiation Therapists", "soc": "29-1124", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$105,310", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 17070, "blsSoc": "29-1124" }, "employment": "Treatment-delivery role distinct from imaging technologists", "education": "Associate degree plus ARRT certification", "summary": "Radiation therapists position patients and deliver prescribed radiation doses daily over multi-week courses, different work from radiologic and MRI technologists, who image rather than treat. Auto-contouring and automated planning compress the upstream physics work, while daily positioning, patient reassurance, and reaction monitoring stay at the machine.", "caveat": "Automation targets planning, not the treatment room: someone positions the patient to millimeter tolerance, watches for adverse reactions, and stops the beam when something is wrong. Certification requirements and daily patient contact keep the role licensed and human.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Position patients for treatment with accuracy", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Administer prescribed radiation doses", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Observe and reassure patients during treatment", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Maintain records of dosages and patient reactions", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Precision positioning", "Treatment delivery", "Radiation safety", "Patient care" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Auto-contouring reshapes planning", "Daily delivery stays licensed and human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Medical Dosimetrist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete dosimetry training", "Master planning systems", "Earn MDCB certification" ] }, { "title": "Lead Radiation Therapist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run treatment schedules", "Own machine QA", "Mentor new therapists" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/radiation-therapists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/radiation-therapists.json" } }, { "slug": "cardiovascular-technologists", "title": "Cardiovascular Technologists", "soc": "29-2031", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$74,310", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 62960, "blsSoc": "29-2031" }, "employment": "Cardiac imaging and testing role with AI measurement assists", "education": "Associate degree plus credentialing common", "summary": "Cardiovascular technologists run EKGs, echocardiograms, and stress tests while monitoring patients for warning signs. AI now auto-measures ejection fractions and flags arrhythmias, but electrode placement, patient positioning, and recognizing when a patient is deteriorating mid-test stay at the bedside.", "caveat": "Image analysis shortens interpretation, which raises study volume more than it cuts staff: someone still preps, positions, and watches the patient. Technologists credentialed in multiple modalities are the most insulated from single-modality automation.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct EKG, echocardiogram, and stress tests", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor blood pressure and heart rate during procedures", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Explain procedures and position patients", "exposure": 20, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Record patient history and test results", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 64, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Cardiac imaging", "Patient monitoring", "Diagnostic equipment", "Patient care" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI auto-measures cardiac images", "Patient safety monitoring stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Echocardiography Lead Technologist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Add advanced echo credentialing", "Own lab quality protocols", "Train new technologists" ] }, { "title": "Registered Nurse", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 52, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete an accredited nursing program", "Pass the NCLEX", "Target cardiac care units" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cardiovascular-technologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cardiovascular-technologists.json" } }, { "slug": "nuclear-medicine-technologists", "title": "Nuclear Medicine Technologists", "soc": "29-2033", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$101,370", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 17080, "blsSoc": "29-2033" }, "employment": "Radiopharmaceutical imaging role with reconstruction AI", "education": "Associate degree plus NMTCB or ARRT certification", "summary": "Nuclear medicine technologists administer radiopharmaceuticals, operate gamma cameras and PET scanners, and calculate radiation dosages. AI reconstruction now produces diagnostic images from lower doses and shorter scans, while radiopharmaceutical handling, dose calculation, and patient safety remain regulated hands-on work.", "caveat": "Faster reconstruction increases throughput per scanner rather than eliminating the technologist. Radiation safety compliance and the physical administration of isotopes are licensed duties with no software substitute.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer radiopharmaceuticals under physician direction", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Produce images for physician interpretation", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 60, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Calculate and record radiation dosages", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prepare stock radiopharmaceuticals per safety standards", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Radiopharmaceutical safety", "Imaging equipment operation", "Precision dosing", "Radiation compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI cuts scan times and doses", "Isotope handling is licensed work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "PET/CT Imaging Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Add CT cross-training", "Own scanner QA programs", "Supervise imaging protocols" ] }, { "title": "Radiation Safety Officer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete health physics coursework", "Manage isotope inventory compliance", "Lead audit preparation" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/nuclear-medicine-technologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/nuclear-medicine-technologists.json" } }, { "slug": "opticians", "title": "Opticians", "soc": "29-2081", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$47,260", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 73530, "blsSoc": "29-2081" }, "employment": "Eyewear fitting role squeezed by online retail", "education": "High school plus apprenticeship; licensure in half of states", "summary": "Opticians measure faces, interpret prescriptions, and fit and adjust eyewear. Online retailers with virtual try-on and mail-order lenses have taken the commodity segment, while complex prescriptions, progressive-lens fitting, and adjustment work still reward a skilled pair of hands.", "caveat": "The honest picture: transactional dispensing is migrating online, and that pressure is real. What persists is measurement precision for difficult prescriptions, repairs, and the fitting judgment that keeps progressive wearers from returning their glasses.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Measure bridge, temple, and pupillary distances", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Recommend lenses, coatings, and frames", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Verify finished lenses against specifications", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Adjust frames to fit clients", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Precision measurement", "Lens verification", "Eyewear repair", "Customer service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Virtual try-on takes commodity sales", "Complex fittings stay in person" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Optical Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own practice operations", "Manage lab relationships", "Train dispensing staff" ] }, { "title": "Ophthalmic Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Learn clinical testing protocols", "Earn JCAHPO certification", "Support surgical practices" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/opticians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/opticians.json" } }, { "slug": "orthotists-prosthetists", "title": "Orthotists and Prosthetists", "soc": "29-2091", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$81,110", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 9390, "blsSoc": "29-2091" }, "employment": "Custom device role augmented by 3D scanning and printing", "education": "Master degree plus residency and certification", "summary": "Orthotists and prosthetists design, fabricate, and fit braces and artificial limbs. 3D scanning and additive manufacturing have transformed fabrication — sockets can be printed from scans — but fit is a living problem: residual limbs change, gaits differ, and comfort is judged on the patient, not on screen.", "caveat": "Digital fabrication shifts the craft from plaster work to scan refinement and fitting iteration. The clinicians who thrive pair design software fluency with the hands-on adjustment skill that determines whether a device gets worn or abandoned.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Fit, test, and evaluate devices on patients", "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Examine and measure patients for appliances", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Design devices from prescriptions and measurements", "exposure": 46, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 60, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Instruct patients in device use and care", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Device design", "Precision measurement", "Patient instruction", "Fabrication technique" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "3D printing changes fabrication, not fitting", "Comfort judgment stays clinical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Certified Prosthetist-Orthotist Lead", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete residency hours", "Earn ABC or BOC certification", "Lead a patient caseload" ] }, { "title": "Rehabilitation Technology Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master scan-to-print workflows", "Serve mobility clinics", "Own device iteration cycles" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/orthotists-prosthetists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/orthotists-prosthetists.json" } }, { "slug": "surgical-assistants", "title": "Surgical Assistants", "soc": "29-9093", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$66,800", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 22270, "blsSoc": "29-9093" }, "employment": "Hands-on operative role working alongside surgical robots", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or surgical technology background plus experience", "summary": "Surgical assistants maintain the operative field, position patients, and close incisions under the surgeon's direction. Robotic platforms change who holds the instruments but add demand for staff who dock, position, and troubleshoot them — the assistant role adapts to the robot rather than disappearing under it.", "caveat": "Robotics automate steadiness, not sterile-field judgment. Patient positioning, retraction under changing anatomy, and immediate response to bleeding remain human duties in every operating room, robotic or not.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Maintain an unobstructed operative field", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor aseptic technique throughout procedures", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Position patients with stabilizing equipment", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Apply sutures and close wound layers", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Surgical technique", "Aseptic compliance", "Surgical equipment", "Patient safety" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Robots need skilled docking and positioning", "Sterile-field judgment stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Registered Nurse First Assistant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete nursing licensure", "Add RNFA certification", "Build multi-specialty case experience" ] }, { "title": "Surgical Services Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own OR scheduling flows", "Manage robotic case logistics", "Train new assistants" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/surgical-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/surgical-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "psychiatric-technicians", "title": "Psychiatric Technicians", "soc": "29-2053", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$45,130", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 156960, "blsSoc": "29-2053" }, "employment": "Hands-on behavioral care role distinct from counseling", "education": "Postsecondary certificate; licensure in several states", "summary": "Psychiatric technicians provide daily care, lead therapeutic activities, and monitor patients in behavioral health facilities — the hands-on counterpart to counselors and therapists. Wearable monitoring and documentation software assist observation, but de-escalation, restraint when required, and round-the-clock presence are irreducibly human.", "caveat": "Demand is growing with behavioral-health capacity expansions, and turnover is the field's bigger problem than automation. Technicians who pair crisis skills with documentation fluency move quickly into lead and nursing roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Provide nursing and personal care to patients", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Restrain violent or suicidal patients as required", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor patient well-being and report changes", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Lead prescribed individual or group therapy sessions", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Patient care", "Crisis de-escalation", "Behavioral observation", "Therapy support" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Monitoring software assists observation", "De-escalation cannot be automated" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Licensed Vocational Nurse", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete an LVN/LPN program", "Pass the NCLEX-PN", "Target behavioral health units" ] }, { "title": "Behavioral Health Case Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own discharge planning", "Coordinate community services", "Master documentation systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/psychiatric-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/psychiatric-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "podiatrists", "title": "Podiatrists", "soc": "29-1081", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$160,300", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 9680, "blsSoc": "29-1081" }, "employment": "Foot-and-ankle specialty with diabetic-care demand tailwind", "education": "Doctor of podiatric medicine plus residency", "summary": "Podiatrists diagnose and surgically treat foot and ankle disorders, from bunions to diabetic ulcers. AI wound-imaging and gait-analysis tools sharpen assessment, but debridement, surgery, and the systemic-disease judgment that foot symptoms often trigger keep the specialty physician-led.", "caveat": "Diabetes prevalence is the demand engine here: limb-salvage care grows every year, and it is physical, procedural work. Imaging tools flag risk earlier, which routes more patients into podiatric care rather than around it.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose diseases and deformities of the foot", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Surgically treat conditions such as bunions and cysts", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Prescribe medications, devices, and therapy", "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise patients on treatment and prevention", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Clinical diagnosis", "Surgical technique", "Patient education", "X-ray imaging" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Wound AI sharpens risk flagging", "Diabetic limb care demand grows" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Podiatric Surgeon", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete surgical residency", "Earn board qualification", "Build reconstructive case volume" ] }, { "title": "Wound Care Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead limb-salvage programs", "Deploy imaging triage tools", "Coordinate with endocrinology" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/podiatrists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/podiatrists.json" } }, { "slug": "legislators", "title": "Legislators", "soc": "11-1031", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$50,950", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Elected office where staff work automates and accountability does not", "education": "Backgrounds vary; election is the credential", "summary": "Legislators debate, negotiate, and vote on law. AI now drafts bill summaries, briefing memos, and constituent correspondence — compressing the staff work around the office — while the office itself is filled by election, and its core acts, hearing testimony and casting votes, are accountability functions by design.", "caveat": "The pressure lands on legislative staff, not the seat: research, drafting, and casework throughput per aide is rising. What cannot be delegated is the public responsibility for a vote, a position, or a negotiation outcome.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 57 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze implications of proposed legislation", "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Hear testimony from constituents and interest groups", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Debate proposals during floor sessions", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Negotiate with colleagues to reconcile interests", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Policy analysis", "Constituent communication", "Negotiation", "Public speaking" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI drafts briefs and bill summaries", "Elected accountability cannot be delegated" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief of Staff", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Run office operations", "Manage AI-assisted briefing workflows", "Own stakeholder strategy" ] }, { "title": "Policy Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead committee portfolios", "Draft legislative strategy", "Brief members on analysis" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/legislators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/legislators.json" } }, { "slug": "police-supervisors", "title": "Police Supervisors", "soc": "33-1012", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$106,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 154610, "blsSoc": "33-1012" }, "employment": "Supervisory scope above the patrol-officer role", "education": "Promotion from officer ranks; associate or bachelor degree common", "summary": "Police supervisors coordinate investigations, set schedules, review reports, and handle misconduct complaints. Scheduling and analytics software now drafts rosters and flags crime patterns, but supervisors carry legal responsibility for how their officers' work is conducted — a liability no dashboard absorbs.", "caveat": "Distinct from patrol officers: the exposure here is administrative tooling, not the street. Prediction software changes where resources go; accountability for procedure, evidence handling, and personnel conduct stays with the supervisor.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise and coordinate criminal investigations", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare work schedules and assign duties", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Investigate personnel problems and misconduct charges", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Train staff in police work procedures", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Investigation supervision", "Scheduling", "Personnel management", "Law enforcement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Analytics draft rosters and patrol maps", "Procedural accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Police Lieutenant or Captain", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Pass promotional examinations", "Command larger units", "Own departmental policy" ] }, { "title": "Internal Affairs Commander", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead misconduct investigations", "Modernize evidence systems", "Train supervisors on compliance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/police-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/police-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "fire-supervisors", "title": "Fire Supervisors", "soc": "33-1021", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$93,530", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 99140, "blsSoc": "33-1021" }, "employment": "Working-leader scope above the firefighter role", "education": "Promotion from firefighter ranks; officer training required", "summary": "Fire supervisors lead engine and rescue crews, size up scenes, assign positions, and drill personnel. Dispatch analytics and pre-incident planning software improve information flow, but scene command under time pressure — reading a building, committing crews, calling a Mayday — is human judgment with lives attached.", "caveat": "Distinct from firefighters: supervisors absorb the administrative layer, where inspection-scheduling and reporting tools genuinely save hours. The command function itself resists automation because every incident is a novel physical situation.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assess fire conditions and determine crew requirements", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Assign firefighters to strategic locations", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Instruct and drill department personnel", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Communicate fire details to dispatch and superiors", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Emergency response", "Crew supervision", "Equipment readiness", "Fire training instruction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Pre-plan software improves information", "Scene command stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Battalion Chief", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete officer development", "Command multi-company incidents", "Own district operations" ] }, { "title": "Fire Inspection Program Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Modernize inspection scheduling", "Lead prevention programs", "Manage code compliance staff" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fire-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fire-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "bailiffs", "title": "Bailiffs", "soc": "33-3011", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$56,600", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 17310, "blsSoc": "33-3011" }, "employment": "Courtroom security and order role with screening tech assists", "education": "High school plus academy or peace-officer training", "summary": "Bailiffs screen courthouse entrants, maintain custody of prisoners during proceedings, and keep order in the courtroom. AI-assisted weapons detection speeds entry screening, but custody of a defendant feet from a jury, and the authority to act inside a courtroom, remain sworn human functions.", "caveat": "Distinct from court reporters and judges: this is the security layer of the courtroom. Screening hardware automates detection at the door; inside the room, jury protection and prisoner custody are judgment-and-presence work.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Screen courthouse entrants with detection equipment", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Escort prisoners and maintain custody", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain courtroom order and guard juries", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Patrol courthouse interior and exterior", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Security screening", "Custody procedures", "Legal compliance", "Emergency response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI weapons detection speeds screening", "In-court custody stays sworn" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Deputy Sheriff", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete academy training", "Earn peace-officer certification", "Rotate through patrol assignments" ] }, { "title": "Court Security Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own screening operations", "Manage security staffing", "Coordinate with judges and clerks" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/bailiffs/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/bailiffs.json" } }, { "slug": "transit-railroad-police", "title": "Transit and Railroad Police", "soc": "33-3052", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$90,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 4390, "blsSoc": "33-3052" }, "employment": "Patrol role for rail and transit systems with video analytics", "education": "Academy training plus transit-specific certification", "summary": "Transit and railroad police patrol stations and yards, investigate freight theft, and protect passengers across a jurisdiction that moves. Camera analytics now flag trespassers and unattended bags across thousands of feeds, directing officers to incidents faster — but the response, arrest, and investigation remain on the ground.", "caveat": "Video analytics multiply coverage of fixed infrastructure while concentrating officer time on verified incidents. Freight-theft investigation, with its organized-crime dimension, is casework that grows more valuable as detection improves.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Patrol transit facilities to protect patrons and property", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Investigate freight theft and property crimes", "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Monitor transit areas and conduct security checks", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Prepare investigation reports", "exposure": 54, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Law enforcement", "Surveillance review", "Incident investigation", "Report writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Camera analytics triage thousands of feeds", "Response and arrest stay on the ground" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Transit Police Sergeant", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Pass promotional exams", "Lead patrol teams", "Own incident command" ] }, { "title": "Security Operations Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run video analytics platforms", "Build theft-pattern cases", "Coordinate agency intelligence" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/transit-railroad-police/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/transit-railroad-police.json" } }, { "slug": "animal-control-workers", "title": "Animal Control Workers", "soc": "33-9011", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$45,660", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12070, "blsSoc": "33-9011" }, "employment": "Field enforcement role for animal welfare", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training; certification available", "summary": "Animal control workers capture stray and dangerous animals, investigate cruelty reports, and educate the public on welfare laws. Dispatch apps and license databases streamline the paperwork, but the work is physical capture, field investigation, and judgment about animal and human safety in unpredictable conditions.", "caveat": "Automation barely touches this role: no robot nets a frightened dog, and cruelty cases hinge on evidence gathered by an officer who can testify. Public demand for humane enforcement keeps growing.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Capture and remove stray or abused animals", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Investigate reports of animal attacks and cruelty", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Educate the public on animal welfare laws", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Write reports and maintain impoundment files", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Animal handling", "Field investigation", "Public communication", "Report documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Apps streamline dispatch and records", "Physical capture has no substitute" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Animal Services Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead field teams", "Manage shelter coordination", "Own ordinance enforcement" ] }, { "title": "Humane Investigations Officer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn cruelty-investigation certification", "Build prosecutor relationships", "Document cases to trial standard" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/animal-control-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/animal-control-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "gambling-surveillance-officers", "title": "Gambling Surveillance Officers", "soc": "33-9031", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$43,370", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 9520, "blsSoc": "33-9031" }, "employment": "The role where AI now watches the watchers", "education": "High school plus gaming-commission licensing", "summary": "Gambling surveillance officers watch casino floors through camera systems to catch cheating and theft. AI video analytics now do the first pass — tracking cards, reading bets, flagging anomalies — turning the officer's job from watching screens into adjudicating what the system flags.", "caveat": "This is a genuine role transformation, not elimination: surveillance AI catches more, which generates more cases for human review. Judgment about advantage play, employee collusion, and regulatory reporting stays with licensed officers who understand the games.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Observe casino operations for cheating or theft", "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Review video surveillance footage", "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Report violations and suspicious behavior", "exposure": 48, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 56, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Maintain surveillance observation logs", "exposure": 58, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Surveillance systems", "Gaming compliance", "Fraud detection", "Incident reporting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI runs the first watch pass", "Adjudicating flags stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Surveillance Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own analytics platforms", "Lead investigation reviews", "Liaise with gaming regulators" ] }, { "title": "Gaming Compliance Investigator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Master gaming regulations", "Build prosecution-ready cases", "Audit internal controls" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/gambling-surveillance-officers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/gambling-surveillance-officers.json" } }, { "slug": "mental-health-social-workers", "title": "Mental Health and Substance Abuse Social Workers", "soc": "21-1023", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$60,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 132810, "blsSoc": "21-1023" }, "employment": "Clinical casework role with documentation tooling exposure", "education": "Master of social work plus supervised clinical hours", "summary": "Mental health and substance abuse social workers counsel clients, coordinate treatment, and manage crises. Ambient documentation tools now draft case notes from sessions, reclaiming hours of paperwork — while the therapeutic relationship, risk assessment, and crisis intervention that define the role stay human.", "caveat": "Documentation automation is a relief here, not a threat: caseloads exceed capacity everywhere, and note-taking time converted to client time is the win. Suicide-risk judgment and mandated-reporting accountability keep a licensed clinician in every loop.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Counsel clients in individual and group sessions", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Interview clients and conduct assessments", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Monitor and record client progress", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Coordinate treatment with physicians and nurses", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Counseling", "Crisis assessment", "Care coordination", "Clinical documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Ambient AI drafts case notes", "Risk assessment stays licensed" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Licensed Clinical Social Worker", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete supervised clinical hours", "Pass the LCSW exam", "Build a therapy caseload" ] }, { "title": "Behavioral Health Program Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead care teams", "Own outcome metrics", "Manage grant compliance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mental-health-social-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mental-health-social-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "umpires-referees", "title": "Umpires, Referees, and Sports Officials", "soc": "27-2023", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$40,710", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 15780, "blsSoc": "27-2023" }, "employment": "Officiating role facing automated ball-strike and VAR systems", "education": "Sport-specific training and certification; progression through levels", "summary": "Umpires and referees enforce rules and manage games in real time. Automated ball-strike systems and video review now adjudicate specific calls with machine precision — an honest, visible case of partial automation — while game management, player control, and the thousand judgment calls between the measured ones stay human.", "caveat": "The measured calls are going to machines, and that trend will continue. What leagues keep human is authority: managing conflict, applying intent-based rules, and absorbing accountability that fans and players demand from a person.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Officiate games to ensure rules are observed", "exposure": 32, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 36, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Resolve rule-infraction claims and assess penalties", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 40, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Signal infractions and regulate play", "exposure": 36, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect game sites and equipment for compliance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Rules compliance", "Judgment under pressure", "Conflict resolution", "Game communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Automated systems take measured calls", "Game authority stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Replay Operations Official", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master review-system protocols", "Advise on-camera officials", "Calibrate league standards" ] }, { "title": "League Supervisor of Officials", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Train and evaluate officials", "Set mechanics standards", "Manage assignments" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/umpires-referees/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/umpires-referees.json" } }, { "slug": "merchandise-displayers", "title": "Merchandise Displayers and Window Trimmers", "soc": "27-1026", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Arts, Design, Entertainment, Sports, and Media", "medianWage": "$39,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 165220, "blsSoc": "27-1026" }, "employment": "Physical retail theater in a planogram-software world", "education": "High school plus portfolio; design coursework helpful", "summary": "Merchandise displayers design and install window and in-store displays. Planogram software and AI-generated layout concepts now draft the design phase, but the installation — building, rigging, lighting, and maintaining physical displays in real retail spaces — is hands-on craft work.", "caveat": "Concept generation is increasingly software-assisted, which compresses the design-only specialist. Display professionals who pair layout software fluency with installation craft and brand judgment keep the full job.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan commercial displays to appeal to customers", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Assemble displays using color, light, and props", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Rotate displays to reflect inventory and promotions", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Consult with managers on display placement", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Visual design", "Retail merchandising", "Hands-on craftsmanship", "Store collaboration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Software drafts layout concepts", "Physical installation stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Visual Merchandising Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own multi-store display strategy", "Master planogram software", "Lead installation teams" ] }, { "title": "Retail Space Planner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Analyze sales-per-foot data", "Design floor layouts", "Serve category managers" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/merchandise-displayers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/merchandise-displayers.json" } }, { "slug": "makeup-artists", "title": "Makeup Artists, Theatrical and Performance", "soc": "39-5091", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$97,150", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2340, "blsSoc": "39-5091" }, "employment": "On-set appearance craft facing digital makeup competition", "education": "Postsecondary cosmetology or makeup training plus portfolio", "summary": "Theatrical makeup artists create and maintain performers' appearances across takes, scenes, and lighting changes. Digital de-aging and AI touch-up tools now handle some screen corrections in post, but live continuity — replicating a character's look exactly, day after day, under hot lights — is precision handwork on set.", "caveat": "Digital tools take the corrections that can wait for post-production; theater, live broadcast, and prosthetic-heavy work cannot wait. Artists who combine traditional craft with digital-workflow awareness book the most work.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Apply makeup to enhance or alter appearance", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Duplicate work precisely to replicate appearances daily", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Alter makeup during production for continuity", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Confer with production officials on desired effects", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Makeup technique", "Precision craftsmanship", "Script analysis", "Production collaboration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Digital tools take post-production fixes", "Live continuity stays on-set handwork" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Head Makeup Artist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead makeup teams", "Own continuity documentation", "Manage production budgets" ] }, { "title": "Special Effects Makeup Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Master prosthetic fabrication", "Build an effects portfolio", "Learn molding and casting" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/makeup-artists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/makeup-artists.json" } }, { "slug": "costume-attendants", "title": "Costume Attendants", "soc": "39-3092", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$50,400", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 6510, "blsSoc": "39-3092" }, "employment": "Wardrobe logistics role behind live performance", "education": "High school plus theater experience; sewing skills valued", "summary": "Costume attendants dress cast members, choreograph quick changes, and keep costumes performance-ready. Inventory software tracks garments digitally, but the thirty-second quick change, the emergency repair minutes before curtain, and the nightly care of fragile garments are backstage physical work.", "caveat": "Live performance is the moat: costumes fail in real time and are fixed in real time by a person who is there. Digital tracking helps organize the workflow without touching its hands-on core.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Provide dressing assistance for quick changes", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Arrange costumes in order of use", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Examine costume fit and note alterations", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Clean, press, and repair costumes", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Wardrobe coordination", "Garment repair", "Quick-change precision", "Production documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Software tracks garment inventory", "Quick changes are live physical work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Wardrobe Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead dressing crews", "Own costume inventories", "Coordinate with designers" ] }, { "title": "Costume Shop Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Master construction and alteration", "Learn period garment techniques", "Build a shop portfolio" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/costume-attendants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/costume-attendants.json" } }, { "slug": "cafeteria-cooks", "title": "Cooks, Institution and Cafeteria", "soc": "35-2012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$37,450", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 441050, "blsSoc": "35-2012" }, "employment": "Institutional volume cooking with dietary-accountability anchor", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Institution and cafeteria cooks produce large-batch meals for schools, hospitals, and care facilities. Automated kettles and production-planning software smooth the volume work, but dietary restrictions, allergen control, and texture-modified diets for medical patients require cooks who understand what is at stake in every tray.", "caveat": "Distinct from restaurant line and fast-food cooks: the differentiator is accountability for restricted diets at scale. Equipment automates stirring and portioning; allergen safety and special-diet judgment stay with the cook.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Cook foodstuffs per menus and dietary restrictions", "exposure": 32, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor and record food temperatures", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Apportion and serve food to residents", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Clean and inspect kitchen equipment", "exposure": 24, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Institutional cooking", "Food safety", "Volume production", "Dietary compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Batch equipment automates volume work", "Allergen control stays accountable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Food Service Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead kitchen crews", "Own production schedules", "Manage sanitation compliance" ] }, { "title": "Dietary Cook Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn dietary-manager certification", "Master therapeutic diets", "Coordinate with dietitians" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cafeteria-cooks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cafeteria-cooks.json" } }, { "slug": "short-order-cooks", "title": "Cooks, Short Order", "soc": "35-2015", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$35,880", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 138650, "blsSoc": "35-2015" }, "employment": "Speed-line cooking where kitchen robots target the grill", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Short-order cooks grill, fry, and plate food to order in diners and counters. Robotic fryers and automated grills now handle the most repetitive stations in chain kitchens, but the diner reality — simultaneous tickets, custom requests, and equipment that breaks mid-rush — still rewards a fast human cook.", "caveat": "Automation lands first in high-volume chains where menus are standardized, and that is where short-order employment concentrates. Independent diners and hybrid kitchens keep the role alive, but this is honest moderate pressure.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 23, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Grill, cook, and fry foods to order", "exposure": 30, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Plan work so items finish simultaneously", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 40, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Take orders and cook short-preparation foods", "exposure": 34, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Restock supplies and rotate food", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Short-order cooking", "Speed and accuracy", "Food safety", "Kitchen equipment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Chain kitchens automate fry stations", "Ticket juggling stays human for now" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Kitchen Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead line teams", "Own station training", "Manage food costs" ] }, { "title": "Catering Cook", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build event-menu skills", "Run off-site kitchens", "Grow client bookings" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/short-order-cooks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/short-order-cooks.json" } }, { "slug": "kitchen-supervisors", "title": "Food Service Supervisors", "soc": "35-1012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$44,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1223240, "blsSoc": "35-1012" }, "employment": "Working-supervisor scope below the food-service-manager role", "education": "High school plus food-service experience; ServSafe common", "summary": "Food service supervisors assign stations, train crews, resolve complaints, and jump on the line during rushes — working supervisors rather than office managers. Scheduling and inventory software now drafts rosters and order quantities, but the floor presence, training, and service recovery happen in real time.", "caveat": "Distinct from food service managers: less P&L, more floor. Software absorbs the administrative slice of the shift; the shift itself — staffing gaps, equipment failures, unhappy guests — is supervised in person.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assign duties and workstations to employees", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 50, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Train workers in preparation, service, and sanitation", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Resolve customer complaints about food service", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Specify portions, sequences, and station arrangements", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Kitchen supervision", "Food safety training", "Service recovery", "Shift scheduling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Software drafts rosters and orders", "The rush is managed in person" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Food Service Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own P&L basics", "Master inventory systems", "Lead multi-shift operations" ] }, { "title": "Multi-Unit Kitchen Operations Lead", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Standardize station procedures", "Audit food-safety compliance", "Open new locations" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/kitchen-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/kitchen-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "pesticide-handlers", "title": "Pesticide Handlers and Applicators", "soc": "37-3012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance", "medianWage": "$46,340", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 27050, "blsSoc": "37-3012" }, "employment": "Licensed application role with drone-spraying frontier", "education": "High school plus state pesticide applicator license", "summary": "Pesticide handlers mix chemicals and apply them to lawns, trees, and crops. Drone and targeted-spray systems now treat fields with less chemical and fewer exposure hours, but mixing, calibration, weather judgment, and the licensed accountability for what goes where remain with the applicator.", "caveat": "Precision-spray technology reduces volume applied rather than eliminating the applicator: someone loads, calibrates, and signs for every application. State licensing keeps the accountability human by law.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Mix pesticides according to formulas", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Direct spray over designated areas", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Identify lawn and plant diseases for treatment", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Clean and service spray machinery", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Chemical safety", "Application precision", "Plant health", "Sprayer equipment maintenance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Drones reduce exposure hours", "Licensed accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Licensed Pest Control Operator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add structural-pest certification", "Build a client route", "Own compliance records" ] }, { "title": "Landscape Crew Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead application crews", "Own scheduling and routing", "Manage equipment fleets" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/pesticide-handlers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/pesticide-handlers.json" } }, { "slug": "embalmers", "title": "Embalmers", "soc": "39-4011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$58,780", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3890, "blsSoc": "39-4011" }, "employment": "Preparation-room role with a licensing moat", "education": "Mortuary science degree plus state embalmer license", "summary": "Embalmers prepare the deceased through arterial embalming, restorative art, and cosmetic work. Software handles case tracking and family paperwork, but the preparation room is licensed, physical, irreversible craft — distinct from the arrangement and ceremony work of funeral directors and attendants.", "caveat": "This is among the least automatable roles in the service economy: restorative art on a traumatically injured person is sculpture under emotional stakes, performed by a licensee. Cremation growth reduces volume, which is the real pressure on the occupation.", "scores": { "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drain circulatory systems and replace with embalming fluid", "exposure": 12, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Apply cosmetics for a lifelike appearance", "exposure": 12, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Close incisions using sutures", "exposure": 12, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Ensure legal embalming requirements are met", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Embalming technique", "Restorative cosmetology", "Sanitation compliance", "Grief sensitivity" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Cremation growth is the real pressure", "Preparation room work is licensed craft" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Funeral Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add funeral-director licensure", "Learn arrangement conferences", "Manage family services" ] }, { "title": "Trade Embalming Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Serve multiple funeral homes", "Specialize in restorative cases", "Build referral relationships" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/embalmers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/embalmers.json" } }, { "slug": "recreation-workers", "title": "Recreation Workers", "soc": "39-9032", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$36,560", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 331490, "blsSoc": "39-9032" }, "employment": "Program-leadership role for parks, camps, and community centers", "education": "High school plus experience; bachelor degree for program roles", "summary": "Recreation workers organize and lead activities at parks, camps, and community centers. Registration platforms and program-planning tools handle enrollment and logistics, but leading fifty children through a camp day, adapting activities to the group in front of you, and responding to injuries are in-person work.", "caveat": "Digital tools absorb the enrollment and scheduling burden that used to consume program staff. The facilitation itself — reading group energy, managing safety, improvising when weather kills the plan — is the durable job.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Organize and lead recreational activities", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Enforce facility rules to ensure safety", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Assess group needs and plan activities", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Explain techniques and demonstrate equipment use", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Activity facilitation", "Participant safety", "Program planning", "First aid" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Platforms absorb registration logistics", "Group leadership stays in person" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Recreation Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own program portfolios", "Manage seasonal staff", "Lead community partnerships" ] }, { "title": "Certified Therapeutic Recreation Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete a recreation-therapy degree", "Pass NCTRC certification", "Serve clinical populations" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/recreation-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/recreation-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "residential-advisors", "title": "Residential Advisors", "soc": "39-9041", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$42,240", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 84760, "blsSoc": "39-9041" }, "employment": "Residential-life role for dorms and group living", "education": "Bachelor degree common; student-affairs experience valued", "summary": "Residential advisors supervise dormitories and group residences: mediating roommate conflicts, making safety rounds, responding to crises at 3 a.m. Incident-reporting software and smart-lock systems streamline the logging, but the mediation, the welfare check, and the judgment call about when to escalate are human presence work.", "caveat": "Smart-building systems detect more, which routes more situations to advisors rather than replacing them. The role's core — trusted adult in a residential community — is a relationship function with an emergency-response edge.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Mediate interpersonal problems between residents", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 36, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Make regular rounds for safety and security", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Observe and report unusual behavior", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Supervise and train residence hall staff", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Conflict mediation", "Crisis response", "Resident supervision", "Incident documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Smart locks log more, decide nothing", "Escalation judgment stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Residence Life Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead advisor teams", "Own crisis protocols", "Run community programming" ] }, { "title": "Student Affairs Administrator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete a student-affairs degree", "Manage conduct processes", "Lead retention programming" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/residential-advisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/residential-advisors.json" } }, { "slug": "counter-rental-clerks", "title": "Counter and Rental Clerks", "soc": "41-2021", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$41,300", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 400810, "blsSoc": "41-2021" }, "employment": "Counter service role facing kiosk and app self-service", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Counter and rental clerks take orders, compute charges, and hand over rental equipment. Kiosks and mobile apps now handle routine transactions end to end — car rental is the visible case — leaving clerks the exceptions: damaged items, confused customers, and equipment that needs explaining or inspection.", "caveat": "This is honest moderate-to-high pressure: self-service takes the simple transactions that justified counter staffing. What remains concentrates in equipment rental, where inspecting, adjusting, and explaining the item keeps a person at the counter.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 54, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Compute charges and receive payments", "exposure": 66, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 50, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Explain rental fees, policies, and procedures", "exposure": 42, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect and adjust rental items for customers", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Receive orders for rentals and services", "exposure": 60, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Transaction processing", "Customer service", "Rental equipment inspection", "Inventory handling" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Kiosks take routine transactions", "Equipment inspection keeps counters staffed" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Rental Branch Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own fleet utilization", "Lead counter teams", "Manage corporate accounts" ] }, { "title": "Fleet Logistics Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Route equipment between branches", "Track maintenance cycles", "Manage availability data" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/counter-rental-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/counter-rental-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "technical-sales-representatives", "title": "Technical and Scientific Sales Representatives", "soc": "41-4011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$104,920", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 284800, "blsSoc": "41-4011" }, "employment": "Complex B2B sales with AI research and drafting assists", "education": "Bachelor degree typical; technical background valued", "summary": "Technical and scientific sales representatives sell equipment and instruments whose purchase requires genuine consultation. AI now drafts proposals, researches accounts, and preps call briefs, compressing the desk work — while needs analysis, solution design, and the multi-stakeholder trust that closes complex deals stay human.", "caveat": "Distinct from advertising or services sales: the product complexity is the moat. Buyers can research specs themselves, which kills the brochure-carrying rep and rewards the one who designs solutions and survives technical scrutiny.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Discuss how products meet customer needs", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 60, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Negotiate prices and terms of agreements", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare and submit sales contracts", "exposure": 58, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Quote prices and bid specifications", "exposure": 56, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Solution selling", "Technical product expertise", "Negotiation", "Needs analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI drafts proposals and research", "Solution design closes complex deals" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Sales Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Deepen product engineering knowledge", "Lead proof-of-concept projects", "Support enterprise deals" ] }, { "title": "Strategic Account Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own top-account relationships", "Build multi-year agreements", "Coordinate solution teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/technical-sales-representatives/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/technical-sales-representatives.json" } }, { "slug": "gambling-cage-workers", "title": "Gambling Cage Workers", "soc": "43-3041", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$37,580", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 14430, "blsSoc": "43-3041" }, "employment": "Casino cash-handling role squeezed by redemption kiosks", "education": "High school plus gaming-commission licensing", "summary": "Gambling cage workers convert chips and tickets to currency, process advances, and reconcile the cage. Self-service redemption kiosks and cashless gaming now handle routine conversions — the visible front of this role — while reconciliation, large transactions, and regulatory reporting keep a licensed worker accountable.", "caveat": "Cashless gaming is a structural decline force, not a cyclical one: kiosk volume grows every year. The remaining human work concentrates in exception handling, compliance review, and high-value transactions that require verification.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 37, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 56, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Convert gaming checks and tokens to currency", "exposure": 58, "automation": 36, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Count funds and reconcile daily transactions", "exposure": 60, "automation": 37, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain cage security", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 40, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Cash checks and process credit card advances", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Cash reconciliation", "Gaming compliance", "Transaction accuracy", "Cage security" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Kiosks handle routine redemptions", "Reconciliation stays accountable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Cage Operations Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead cage teams", "Own vault reconciliation", "Manage kiosk exception queues" ] }, { "title": "Casino Compliance Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Audit transaction records", "Prepare regulatory filings", "Investigate discrepancies" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/gambling-cage-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/gambling-cage-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "telephone-operators", "title": "Telephone Operators", "soc": "43-2021", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$41,740", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3430, "blsSoc": "43-2021" }, "employment": "Legacy communications role deep into structural decline", "education": "High school; most remaining roles are specialized", "summary": "Telephone operators connect calls, provide directory information, and assist with special situations. This is one of the most thoroughly automated occupations in history: switchboards digitized decades ago, and voice AI now handles most remaining directory and routing calls. The honest reading is high, continuing pressure.", "caveat": "What survives is niche: answering services for medical and emergency clients, assistance for callers with disabilities, and situations where a calm human voice is the product. Workers here should plan transitions rather than wait out the curve.", "scores": { "exposure": 76, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 68, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 64 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate switchboards to complete connections", "exposure": 70, "automation": 50, "augmentation": 32, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Provide telephone information using directories", "exposure": 72, "automation": 52, "augmentation": 38, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Offer special assistance in emergency situations", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Perform clerical duties such as typing and proofreading", "exposure": 66, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Call routing", "Information assistance", "Emergency communication", "Clerical documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Voice AI handles directory and routing calls", "Specialized answering services remain" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Customer Service Representative", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move to omnichannel support", "Learn CRM platforms", "Own escalation queues" ] }, { "title": "Emergency Dispatcher", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 54, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete dispatcher certification", "Train on CAD systems", "Master crisis call protocols" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/telephone-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/telephone-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "mail-clerks", "title": "Mail Clerks and Mail Machine Operators", "soc": "43-9051", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$39,280", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 55230, "blsSoc": "43-9051" }, "employment": "Mailroom role in long documented decline", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Mail clerks sort, meter, and route incoming and outgoing mail for organizations. Sorting machinery automated the volume decades ago, and digital communication keeps shrinking the mail itself — a documented decline that predates AI. What remains is exception handling, packages, and regulated physical correspondence.", "caveat": "AI adds marginal pressure to an already-declining role: the volume collapse is the story, not the technology. Package and e-commerce returns processing is the growing adjacent work for mailroom skills.", "scores": { "exposure": 64, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 60, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Sort and route incoming and outgoing mail", "exposure": 62, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Verify addressing and proper postage", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 42, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Affix postage by hand or meter machine", "exposure": 58, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Accept and check containers from volume mailers", "exposure": 44, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Mail sorting precision", "Postage compliance", "Package handling", "Machine operation" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Mail volume declines independent of AI", "Package processing is the adjacent growth" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Logistics Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move into shipping and receiving", "Learn carrier software", "Own package workflows" ] }, { "title": "Postal Service Clerk", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Apply for USPS positions", "Learn retail postal services", "Serve business mailers" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mail-clerks/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mail-clerks.json" } }, { "slug": "office-machine-operators", "title": "Office Machine Operators", "soc": "43-9071", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$40,960", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 25130, "blsSoc": "43-9071" }, "employment": "Document-production role displaced by digital workflows", "education": "High school plus equipment training", "summary": "Office machine operators run high-speed copiers, scanners, and bindery equipment for document production. Digital workflows eliminated most of the demand: documents are born digital now, and what remains concentrates in print shops and scanning bureaus converting legacy paper — a shrinking niche.", "caveat": "This is a decline archetype like the mailroom: the paper itself is disappearing. Scanning-bureau digitization work is real but finite, and operators should treat current employment as a bridge into print production or office-services coordination.", "scores": { "exposure": 66, "automation": 44, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate high-speed copiers, scanners, and bindery machines", "exposure": 58, "automation": 39, "augmentation": 34, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Read job orders to determine quantities and materials", "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Set up and adjust machines for each job", "exposure": 44, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Sort, assemble, and proof completed work", "exposure": 48, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 42, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Machine operation", "Production scheduling", "Proofreading", "Equipment adjustment" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Documents are born digital now", "Digitization work is real but finite" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Print Production Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage job queues", "Quote print work", "Own finishing quality" ] }, { "title": "Office Services Administrator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run document workflows", "Manage vendor contracts", "Support facilities operations" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/office-machine-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/office-machine-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "weighers-measurers", "title": "Weighers, Measurers, Checkers, and Samplers", "soc": "43-5111", "category": "Administrative", "categorySlug": "administrative", "majorGroup": "Office and Administrative Support", "medianWage": "$46,380", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 53300, "blsSoc": "43-5111" }, "employment": "Measurement-record role directly in sensor automation's path", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Weighers, measurers, checkers, and samplers record the quantity, quality, and condition of materials moving through production and shipping. In-line scales, machine vision, and sensor telemetry now capture exactly these readings automatically — this is one of the clearest cases of instrumentation replacing a recording job.", "caveat": "The honest reading is high pressure: connected scales and vision systems do the measuring, and the data flows straight to the ERP. What remains is sample collection for lab analysis, exception inspection, and scale-house operation at sites that have not modernized.", "scores": { "exposure": 64, "automation": 43, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 60, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Weigh and measure materials using scales and meters", "exposure": 66, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Document quantity, quality, and test data", "exposure": 68, "automation": 46, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Examine products for damage, defects, or shortages", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Collect product samples for laboratory analysis", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Precision measurement", "Quality inspection", "Records documentation", "Sample collection" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Sensors capture readings automatically", "Sampling and exceptions remain human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Quality Control Inspector", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Learn vision-system verification", "Own defect documentation", "Audit measurement systems" ] }, { "title": "Logistics Data Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage scale-system data", "Reconcile shipment records", "Serve production planners" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/weighers-measurers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/weighers-measurers.json" } }, { "slug": "boilermakers", "title": "Boilermakers", "soc": "47-2011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$76,410", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 10190, "blsSoc": "47-2011" }, "employment": "Pressure-vessel fabrication anchored to power-plant outages", "education": "High school plus registered apprenticeship", "summary": "Boilermakers assemble, weld, and repair boilers and pressure vessels, much of it during power-plant and refinery outages. Drone inspections and ultrasonic testing robots now survey vessels for defects, but confined-space rigging, pressure welding, and fitting steel in place stay with the boilermaker.", "caveat": "Outage work is episodic, physical, and regulated: robots find defects faster, which generates more repair work for the crews who fix them. Pressure-vessel welding certification is a durable wage floor.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine vessels to locate leaks and weak spots", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Weld pressure-vessel tube ends for leakproof joints", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Study blueprints to determine part locations", "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Conduct pressure tests on vessels", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Pressure welding", "Blueprint reading", "Heavy equipment rigging", "Pressure testing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Inspection robots generate repair work", "Outage labor demand persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Certified Welding Inspector", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn CWI certification", "Master code requirements", "Lead weld-quality programs" ] }, { "title": "Outage Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Plan outage scopes", "Lead crew safety programs", "Manage contractor schedules" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/boilermakers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/boilermakers.json" } }, { "slug": "brickmasons", "title": "Brickmasons and Blockmasons", "soc": "47-2021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$62,120", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 52550, "blsSoc": "47-2021" }, "employment": "Craft masonry trade with layout-software assists", "education": "High school plus apprenticeship", "summary": "Brickmasons lay brick, block, and stone with mortar, course by course. Robotic bricklaying prototypes have existed for years and remain confined to simple, repetitive walls; corners, arches, restoration matching, and working around existing structures are craft judgment that machines have not cracked.", "caveat": "The trade's real constraint is labor supply, not automation: masons are retiring faster than apprentices replace them. Layout software and laser guides speed the setup, but every course is still placed by hand.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Construct corners and lay courses of brick", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Apply and smooth mortar over work surfaces", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Interpret blueprints to determine specifications", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Finish mortar joints for a sealed appearance", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Masonry technique", "Blueprint reading", "Mortar craftsmanship", "Layout measurement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Robots handle only simple walls", "Retirement wave drives demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Masonry Contractor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn contractor licensing", "Bid residential and commercial jobs", "Build a crew" ] }, { "title": "Historic Restoration Mason", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn period mortar matching", "Serve preservation projects", "Document restoration work" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/brickmasons/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/brickmasons.json" } }, { "slug": "carpet-installers", "title": "Carpet Installers", "soc": "47-2041", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$50,340", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13780, "blsSoc": "47-2041" }, "employment": "Floor-covering trade with measurement-software assists", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training or apprenticeship", "summary": "Carpet installers measure, cut, seam, and stretch carpet in homes and commercial spaces. Measurement apps and layout software calculate material needs, but every room is different: seams must disappear, patterns must align, and carpet must be stretched tight by a person kneeling on it.", "caveat": "The occupation is shrinking with carpet's market share more than from automation. Installers who add hard-surface flooring skills follow the demand rather than fight the trend.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Measure, mark, and cut carpeting to size", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Stretch carpet to align with walls", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Join and seam carpet edges", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Plan layout for traffic patterns and appearance", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 46, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Measurement precision", "Seaming craftsmanship", "Floor layout planning", "Carpet stretching technique" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Software calculates material needs", "Market shift to hard surface is the pressure" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Hard-Surface Flooring Installer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Add LVP and laminate skills", "Learn tile basics", "Serve remodel contractors" ] }, { "title": "Flooring Estimator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master takeoff software", "Quote residential and commercial jobs", "Coordinate installation crews" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/carpet-installers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/carpet-installers.json" } }, { "slug": "tile-setters", "title": "Tile and Stone Setters", "soc": "47-2044", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$55,690", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 35850, "blsSoc": "47-2044" }, "employment": "Finish trade where layout precision meets wet rooms", "education": "High school plus apprenticeship", "summary": "Tile and stone setters cut, lay, and grout tile in bathrooms, kitchens, and lobbies. Layout software plans patterns and cuts, but substrate judgment, waterproofing, and fitting tile around the irregular reality of actual rooms keep this a handcraft trade.", "caveat": "Remodeling demand drives the trade, and failed waterproofing is the industry's expensive lesson: setters who own shower systems and large-format techniques command premium rates. No robot fits tile around a real plumbing stack.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Cut and shape tile to fit obstacles and corners", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Determine and implement the best layout pattern", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Mix and spread mortar to form tile beds", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Measure and mark surfaces following blueprints", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Tile craftsmanship", "Layout planning", "Waterproofing technique", "Blueprint reading" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Remodel demand drives the trade", "Irregular rooms resist automation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Tile Contractor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn contractor licensing", "Bid bathroom and kitchen remodels", "Build a crew" ] }, { "title": "Stone Fabrication Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn CNC saw operation", "Master slab layout", "Serve countertop shops" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tile-setters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tile-setters.json" } }, { "slug": "glaziers", "title": "Glaziers", "soc": "47-2121", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$57,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 58480, "blsSoc": "47-2121" }, "employment": "Glass installation trade with high-rise safety stakes", "education": "High school plus apprenticeship", "summary": "Glaziers cut, fit, and install glass in windows, skylights, and curtain walls, often on scaffolding many stories up. CNC cutting prepares glass in the shop, but setting a six-hundred-pound panel with a crane and suction cups in the wind is field judgment with serious safety stakes.", "caveat": "Shop fabrication is increasingly automated; field installation is not. Curtain-wall systems on commercial towers need crews who can rig, set, and seal glass at height, and fall-protection discipline is the trade's license to operate.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Cut, fit, and install glass in structures", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Operate cranes or hoists with suction cups for large panels", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Read blueprints to determine glass specifications", "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Install frameworks for windows and doors", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Glass handling", "Rigging safety", "Blueprint reading", "Structural glazing technique" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Shop cutting is automated, setting is not", "High-rise work has safety stakes" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Glazing Contractor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn contractor licensing", "Bid storefront and curtain-wall work", "Build a crew" ] }, { "title": "Glazing Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead installation crews", "Own fall-protection programs", "Coordinate crane picks" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/glaziers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/glaziers.json" } }, { "slug": "insulation-workers", "title": "Insulation Workers", "soc": "47-2131", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$49,120", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 44440, "blsSoc": "47-2131" }, "employment": "Energy-efficiency trade riding the retrofit wave", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training or apprenticeship", "summary": "Insulation workers fit, wrap, and blow insulation into floors, ceilings, and mechanical systems. Thermal-imaging audits identify where insulation fails, which directs the work rather than doing it — someone still crawls the attic, wraps the duct, and packs the blower hopper.", "caveat": "Energy codes and retrofit incentives are the demand engine: building efficiency targets require physical installation at scale. Thermal imaging makes workers more effective by showing exactly where the heat escapes.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Fit, wrap, and staple insulating materials to structures", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Blow insulation into small spaces within walls and ceilings", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Measure and cut insulation for covering surfaces", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Cover and seal insulated surfaces", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Insulation technique", "Blower equipment operation", "Thermal imaging", "Crawl-space safety" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Energy codes drive retrofit demand", "Imaging directs, hands install" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Energy Auditor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn BPI or RESNET certification", "Master blower-door testing", "Write retrofit scopes" ] }, { "title": "Insulation Crew Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead install crews", "Own job quality checks", "Manage material logistics" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/insulation-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/insulation-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "rebar-workers", "title": "Reinforcing Iron and Rebar Workers", "soc": "47-2171", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$58,970", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 13800, "blsSoc": "47-2171" }, "employment": "Concrete-reinforcement trade ahead of the pour", "education": "High school plus apprenticeship", "summary": "Rebar workers position and tie the steel that reinforces concrete structures. BIM models and prefabricated rebar cages now arrive engineered and partially assembled, but placing, spacing, and tying steel in forms — often on elevated decks — is physical, plan-reading fieldwork.", "caveat": "Prefabrication shifts some tying off-site, which changes where the work happens rather than eliminating it. Reading structural drawings and verifying placement against them keeps a skilled rodbuster on every pour.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Position and secure steel bars in concrete forms", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Determine rod quantities and locations from blueprints", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Space and fasten rods according to blueprints", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Cut and bend rods to required lengths", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Rebar tying technique", "Blueprint reading", "Structural welding", "Form-work safety" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Prefabrication shifts work off-site", "Every pour still needs placement" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Ironworker Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead placement crews", "Coordinate with concrete schedules", "Own drawing verification" ] }, { "title": "Structural Ironworker", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add structural-steel skills", "Earn welding certifications", "Work connector crews" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/rebar-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/rebar-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "fence-erectors", "title": "Fence Erectors", "soc": "47-4031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$47,980", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 24480, "blsSoc": "47-4031" }, "employment": "Outdoor construction trade with utility-locate stakes", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Fence erectors lay out lines, dig postholes, set posts, and stretch fence across residential, commercial, and agricultural sites. Utility-locate technology and layout apps reduce the research time, but the work is augers, concrete, and tensioned wire in every soil condition.", "caveat": "Automation exposure is minimal: the equipment is powered but the judgment — property lines, underground utilities, grade changes — is the job. Demand follows housing and agricultural fencing cycles.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Set posts in upright positions in postholes", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Dig postholes using augers and diggers", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Measure and lay out fence lines", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Establish locations avoiding cables and water lines", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Fence construction", "Underground utility safety", "Layout precision", "Auger equipment operation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Locate tech reduces research time", "Physical setting is the job" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fence Contractor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn contractor licensing", "Bid residential and agricultural jobs", "Build a crew" ] }, { "title": "Fence Crew Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead installation crews", "Own layout verification", "Manage equipment maintenance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fence-erectors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fence-erectors.json" } }, { "slug": "septic-servicers", "title": "Septic Tank Servicers and Sewer Pipe Cleaners", "soc": "47-4071", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$49,880", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 30650, "blsSoc": "47-4071" }, "employment": "Underground-infrastructure service with camera-inspection assists", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training; CDL often required", "summary": "Septic servicers and sewer cleaners operate jetters, vacuum trucks, and rodders to clear lines and service tanks. Camera inspection systems now show exactly where a blockage sits, which makes the work more targeted — but someone still runs the hose down the line and pumps the tank.", "caveat": "Camera diagnostics changed the trade from exploratory to surgical: cleaners who pair jetting skill with camera documentation sell verified work. Infrastructure age guarantees the demand; nothing about this work can be done remotely.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate sewer cleaning equipment including water jets", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect manholes to locate line stoppages", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Clean and repair septic tanks and sewer lines", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Keep records of maintenance and repair work", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Jetting equipment operation", "Camera inspection", "Confined-space safety", "Service documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Cameras target the blockage, crews clear it", "Aging infrastructure drives demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Plumbing Service Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Learn drain-system repair", "Earn plumbing credentials", "Serve residential accounts" ] }, { "title": "Municipal Collections Operator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Earn collection-system certification", "Run municipal maintenance programs", "Lead camera crews" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/septic-servicers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/septic-servicers.json" } }, { "slug": "explosives-workers", "title": "Explosives Workers and Blasters", "soc": "47-5032", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$61,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 5100, "blsSoc": "47-5032" }, "employment": "Regulated blasting role where compliance is the job", "education": "High school plus extensive licensing and safety training", "summary": "Explosives workers place and detonate charges for construction, demolition, and mining. Electronic detonation systems and blast-design software now model shots before a hole is drilled, but every step — examining the blast area, loading charges, clearing the site, keeping federal explosives records — is licensed, inspected human work.", "caveat": "Blast software makes shots more precise; it does not touch the regulatory chain. ATF compliance, site security, and the judgment to abort a shot in changing conditions keep this one of the most human-mandatory roles in construction.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 54, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine blast areas to determine charges needed", "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Place and detonate explosive charges", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Clear blast sites and signal workers", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 34, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Keep explosives records in compliance with federal laws", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Blast design", "Explosives safety", "Federal compliance", "Charge placement precision" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Software models shots, people fire them", "Federal licensing is the moat" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Blasting Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead shot crews", "Own permit compliance", "Coordinate with site management" ] }, { "title": "Drilling and Blasting Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 54, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete an engineering degree", "Design production blasts", "Optimize fragmentation models" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/explosives-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/explosives-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "radio-tower-installers", "title": "Radio, Cellular, and Tower Equipment Installers", "soc": "49-2021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$63,520", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 11140, "blsSoc": "49-2021" }, "employment": "Tower-climbing role building the 5G network itself", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training and climbing certification", "summary": "Radio, cellular, and tower equipment installers climb towers to mount antennas, run cables, and test transmission components. Network-design software and drone inspections plan the work, but bolting an antenna to steel three hundred feet up is physical work with serious fall-protection stakes.", "caveat": "5G densification keeps demand strong: more small cells, more tower upgrades, more climbs. Drones inspect towers between visits, but installation, weatherproofing, and sweep testing happen on the steel.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install antennas, mounts, and transmission lines", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test tower transmission components with sweep tools", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect completed work for tightness and weatherproofing", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Read work orders and site drawings", "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Tower climbing safety", "Antenna equipment mounting", "Sweep testing", "Height safety procedures" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "5G densification drives climb demand", "Drones inspect, humans install" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Tower Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead climb crews", "Own rigging plans", "Manage rescue training" ] }, { "title": "RF Field Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master RF test equipment", "Run commissioning scripts", "Document network acceptance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/radio-tower-installers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/radio-tower-installers.json" } }, { "slug": "industrial-electronics-repairers", "title": "Industrial Electronics Repairers", "soc": "49-2094", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$74,090", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 65010, "blsSoc": "49-2094" }, "employment": "Plant-electronics role keeping automated lines running", "education": "Associate degree or military electronics training common", "summary": "Industrial electronics repairers test, diagnose, and repair the electronic controls that run factories. Ironically, the more plants automate, the more this role grows: every robot, PLC, and sensor network needs someone who can trace a fault to the board level and get the line running again.", "caveat": "Diagnostic software narrows the search, but intermittent faults in aging industrial controls resist every algorithm. Repairers who combine schematic literacy with PLC and network skills are the constraint on plant uptime.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Test faulty equipment to diagnose malfunctions", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect components for defects and assembly errors", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Maintain equipment logs of repairs and calibrations", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Install repaired equipment in industrial settings", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Electronics diagnostics", "Reading schematics", "PLC troubleshooting", "Calibration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Plant automation grows the repair base", "Intermittent faults resist algorithms" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Controls Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Add PLC programming", "Master industrial networks", "Own line-uptime metrics" ] }, { "title": "Electrical and Instrumentation Supervisor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead E&I crews", "Manage preventive programs", "Own calibration compliance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/industrial-electronics-repairers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/industrial-electronics-repairers.json" } }, { "slug": "auto-glass-installers", "title": "Automotive Glass Installers", "soc": "49-3022", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$47,630", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 20310, "blsSoc": "49-3022" }, "employment": "Vehicle glass role complicated by ADAS cameras", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Automotive glass installers remove and replace windshields and windows, bonding glass with urethane that must cure correctly to keep the roof structure sound. The trade's complication is ADAS: cameras mounted to windshields require recalibration after replacement, adding a diagnostic layer to a physical job.", "caveat": "ADAS recalibration raised the skill floor rather than automating the work: installers now pair urethane craftsmanship with calibration equipment. Mobile service keeps the work wherever the vehicle sits.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install replacement glass in vehicles", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Apply urethane around pinchwelds to specification", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Examine glass for defects prior to installation", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Clean and prime damaged areas and edges", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Glass bonding technique", "ADAS calibration", "Precision measurement", "Mobile service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "ADAS recalibration adds skilled steps", "Bonding quality is structural safety" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Auto Glass Shop Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own scheduling and dispatch", "Manage insurance billing", "Train installers on ADAS" ] }, { "title": "Automotive Service Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden into general repair", "Earn ASE certifications", "Join a service department" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/auto-glass-installers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/auto-glass-installers.json" } }, { "slug": "farm-equipment-mechanics", "title": "Farm Equipment Mechanics", "soc": "49-3041", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$56,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 37870, "blsSoc": "49-3041" }, "employment": "Agricultural repair role facing right-to-repair diagnostics", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training; diesel programs common", "summary": "Farm equipment mechanics maintain and repair tractors, harvesters, and irrigation systems — increasingly computer-controlled machines. Dealer diagnostic software pinpoints faults electronically, but a combine that dies mid-harvest needs a mechanic in the field, and harvest windows wait for no one.", "caveat": "Precision agriculture made equipment more electronic, which raised the mechanic's diagnostic value rather than replacing it. Seasonal urgency and the right-to-repair fight over software locks define the trade's economics.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Maintain and overhaul farm machinery and vehicles", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Diagnose malfunctions through examination and reports", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Repair or replace defective parts", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record details of repairs and parts used", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Diesel diagnostics", "Hydraulic repair", "Field service", "Repair documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Harvest urgency keeps field service human", "Electronics raise diagnostic value" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Precision Agriculture Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master GPS and guidance systems", "Support sensor networks", "Train operators on data tools" ] }, { "title": "Shop Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead service crews", "Own seasonal readiness programs", "Manage parts inventory" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/farm-equipment-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/farm-equipment-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "motorboat-mechanics", "title": "Motorboat Mechanics", "soc": "49-3051", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$57,550", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 23220, "blsSoc": "49-3051" }, "employment": "Marine repair role tested on the water", "education": "High school plus marine-mechanic training", "summary": "Motorboat mechanics maintain and repair outboard and inboard engines, then test them under way on the water. Engine diagnostic software reads fault codes, but marine environments corrode everything differently, and verifying a repair means running the boat — a test no bench simulator fully replicates.", "caveat": "Salt, vibration, and intermittent use create failure patterns that reward experience over algorithms. Seasonal demand concentrates the work, and certified marine technicians are scarce in every coastal market.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Repair engine mechanical equipment such as bilge pumps", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test and inspect engines to determine malfunctions", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Operate boats at various speeds to conduct tests", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document inspection results and work performed", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Marine engine diagnostics", "On-water testing", "Corrosion repair", "Service documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Diagnostic software reads codes only", "Marine corrosion defeats algorithms" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Master Marine Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn manufacturer certifications", "Add electrical and rigging skills", "Lead complex diagnostics" ] }, { "title": "Marina Service Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run service scheduling", "Manage seasonal workflows", "Own customer estimates" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/motorboat-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/motorboat-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "small-engine-mechanics", "title": "Small Engine Mechanics", "soc": "49-3053", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$47,880", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 36060, "blsSoc": "49-3053" }, "employment": "Power-equipment repair facing the electric transition", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Small engine mechanics repair the gasoline engines in mowers, saws, and generators. The real displacement force is battery power, not AI: electric equipment eliminates carburetors and ignition systems wholesale, shifting the repair skill set toward motors, controllers, and battery packs.", "caveat": "This is a technology-transition story: gasoline small-engine work declines as fleets electrify. Mechanics who retrain on electric powertrains and outdoor-power-equipment electronics follow the equipment rather than the fuel.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Repair gasoline engines for power equipment", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test and inspect engines using diagnostic instruments", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Adjust carburetors, valves, and ignition systems", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Record repairs, time, and parts used", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Engine diagnostics", "Engine tuning", "Electric powertrain basics", "Repair documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Electrification is the real transition", "Battery systems need new skills" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Electric Equipment Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn battery-system service", "Master controller diagnostics", "Serve commercial fleets" ] }, { "title": "Outdoor Power Equipment Shop Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run service departments", "Own warranty workflows", "Train junior mechanics" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/small-engine-mechanics/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/small-engine-mechanics.json" } }, { "slug": "tire-repairers", "title": "Tire Repairers and Changers", "soc": "49-3093", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$37,710", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 108410, "blsSoc": "49-3093" }, "employment": "High-volume vehicle service with balancing-machine assists", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Tire repairers and changers mount, balance, and repair tires at volume. Balancing machines and TPMS diagnostics automate the measurement, but every wheel still gets unbolted, mounted, torqued, and road-tested by a person — often on the roadside for commercial fleets.", "caveat": "The work is physically repetitive but stubbornly manual: no robot handles the variety of wheels, vehicles, and roadside conditions a tire tech sees in a day. TPMS and EV-specific tire requirements add diagnostic steps rather than remove them.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Unbolt and remove wheels from vehicles", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Balance wheels using balancing machines", "exposure": 30, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Replace valve stems and repair punctures", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Remount wheels onto vehicles", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Vehicle tire service", "Balancing machine operation", "TPMS diagnostics", "Roadside service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Machines measure, hands mount", "EV tires add service steps" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Automotive Service Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Broaden into general service", "Earn ASE certifications", "Join a service department" ] }, { "title": "Commercial Tire Account Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Serve fleet accounts", "Run roadside dispatch", "Own retread programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/tire-repairers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/tire-repairers.json" } }, { "slug": "millwrights", "title": "Millwrights", "soc": "49-9044", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$65,700", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 40330, "blsSoc": "49-9044" }, "employment": "Precision machinery installation at micron tolerances", "education": "High school plus registered apprenticeship", "summary": "Millwrights install, align, and level industrial machinery — setting clearances and alignments that determine whether a production line runs true. Laser-alignment tools have transformed the measurement, but rigging multi-ton machines into place and dialing them to specification is judgment-intensive physical work.", "caveat": "Every automated production line increases demand for the people who install and align it. Laser tools made millwrights faster and more precise; they did not make them optional.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Align machines using lasers, micrometers, and plumb bobs", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Assemble and install equipment with hand and power tools", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Adjust clearances between moving and stationary parts", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Conduct preventive maintenance and repair", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Precision alignment", "Heavy equipment handling", "Machine installation", "Preventive maintenance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Automation grows installation demand", "Laser tools assist, not replace" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Maintenance Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead mechanical crews", "Own reliability programs", "Manage shutdown schedules" ] }, { "title": "Reliability Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete an engineering degree", "Master vibration analysis", "Own asset strategies" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/millwrights/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/millwrights.json" } }, { "slug": "commercial-divers", "title": "Commercial Divers", "soc": "49-9092", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$72,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3450, "blsSoc": "49-9092" }, "employment": "Underwater construction and inspection — the ultimate physical anchor", "education": "Commercial diving school plus ADCI or equivalent certification", "summary": "Commercial divers inspect, repair, and build underwater: bridge pilings, ship hulls, dams, and offshore infrastructure. Remotely operated vehicles now handle many inspection surveys, but construction, welding, and salvage underwater require a diver — working in zero visibility, by touch, under decompression limits.", "caveat": "ROVs took the look-and-see work and left the hands-on work, which concentrated the occupation on its most skilled tasks. Divers who add underwater welding and NDT inspection credentials command the strongest rates.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect the condition of underwater structures", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check and maintain diving equipment", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Communicate with surface workers while underwater", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Monitor dive lengths and depths for safety", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Underwater welding", "Dive safety compliance", "ROV coordination", "Hull inspection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "ROVs take survey work, divers keep construction", "Zero-visibility work is by touch" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Dive Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead dive teams", "Own decompression planning", "Manage client inspections" ] }, { "title": "Underwater NDT Inspector", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn NDT certifications", "Master ultrasonic testing", "Serve offshore energy clients" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/commercial-divers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/commercial-divers.json" } }, { "slug": "home-appliance-repairers", "title": "Home Appliance Repairers", "soc": "49-9031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$50,990", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 32150, "blsSoc": "49-9031" }, "employment": "In-home repair role with smart-appliance diagnostics", "education": "High school plus manufacturer training", "summary": "Home appliance repairers diagnose and fix washers, refrigerators, and ovens in customers' homes. Smart appliances now report their own fault codes before the technician arrives, but sealed-system refrigeration work, gas connections, and the crawl behind the machine stay human.", "caveat": "Self-diagnosing appliances change the workflow: the tech arrives knowing the likely fault. The repair itself — brazing a sealed system, replacing a bearing, working safely around gas and 240 volts — remains skilled handwork.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Diagnose appliance malfunctions through observation", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Trace electrical circuits and locate faults", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Replace worn and defective parts", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Provide repair cost estimates and recommendations", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Appliance diagnostics", "Electrical circuit tracing", "Sealed-system repair", "Customer estimates" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Smart appliances report fault codes", "The repair itself stays handwork" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Appliance Service Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run dispatch and routing", "Manage warranty billing", "Train technicians" ] }, { "title": "HVAC Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn EPA 608 certification", "Learn refrigeration systems", "Serve residential accounts" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/home-appliance-repairers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/home-appliance-repairers.json" } }, { "slug": "prepress-technicians", "title": "Prepress Technicians", "soc": "51-5111", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$48,690", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 23840, "blsSoc": "51-5111" }, "employment": "Print-prep role already reshaped by digital displacement", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "Prepress technicians prepare files for printing: preflight checks, proofing, page assembly, and plate output. Desktop publishing and automated preflight software absorbed most of this work years ago — a documented displacement that predates AI — and web-to-print automation continues to shrink what remains.", "caveat": "The honest reading is high pressure in a role that already shrank: modern prepress is a software workflow with a human checking the output. Survivors are the ones who own the automation — managing workflows and color-critical work — rather than competing with it.", "scores": { "exposure": 62, "automation": 41, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 56, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Perform preflight checks of font, graphic, and image files", "exposure": 62, "automation": 42, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Generate prepress proofs of final printed pieces", "exposure": 58, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Proofread and perform quality control of text and images", "exposure": 60, "automation": 40, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Operate laser plate-making equipment", "exposure": 40, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Preflight verification", "Color management", "Proofreading", "Plate-making equipment" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Web-to-print automates the workflow", "Color-critical work keeps specialists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Print Workflow Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own web-to-print platforms", "Manage automation rules", "Serve print buyers" ] }, { "title": "Graphic Production Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Build design skills", "Master digital asset workflows", "Serve marketing teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/prepress-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/prepress-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "printing-press-operators", "title": "Printing Press Operators", "soc": "51-5112", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$45,780", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 144260, "blsSoc": "51-5112" }, "employment": "Press operation in the long shadow of digital media", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training or apprenticeship", "summary": "Printing press operators set up, run, and adjust presses, monitoring registration, ink density, and automated fault systems. The displacement story here is documented history: print volume has declined for two decades as media went digital, and modern presses automate the adjustments operators once made by hand.", "caveat": "Packaging and labels are the durable print segments; publication and commercial print keep shrinking. Operators who move to packaging presses and flexography follow the volume rather than fight the trend.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor automated press systems and respond to faults", "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Pull proofs and check ink coverage and registration", "exposure": 38, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Adjust ink flow and feed tension controls", "exposure": 30, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Examine job orders for quantities and specifications", "exposure": 52, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 50, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Print production", "Color registration", "Fault resolution", "Production documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Publication print keeps shrinking", "Packaging presses are the durable segment" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Packaging Press Operator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Cross-train on flexo presses", "Learn food-safety print standards", "Serve packaging converters" ] }, { "title": "Print Production Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead press crews", "Own make-ready efficiency", "Manage job scheduling" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/printing-press-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/printing-press-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "laundry-workers", "title": "Laundry and Dry-Cleaning Workers", "soc": "51-6011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$34,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 198040, "blsSoc": "51-6011" }, "employment": "Industrial laundry facing tunnel-washer automation", "education": "No formal credential required; on-the-job training", "summary": "Laundry and dry-cleaning workers sort, wash, dry, and fold articles in commercial and industrial laundries. Tunnel washers and automated folding systems now move most of the volume in large plants, with workers feeding machines, catching misfolds, and handling the delicate items automation cannot.", "caveat": "This is honest moderate-to-high pressure: industrial plants automate the throughput, concentrating human work at the feed and finish ends. Healthcare and hospitality linen demand keeps the sector large even as headcount per plant falls.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Load articles into washers and dry-cleaning machines", "exposure": 34, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Operate washers, driers, and extractors", "exposure": 40, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 34, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Sort and count articles, folding and wrapping them", "exposure": 42, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Examine and sort articles by fabric and technique", "exposure": 36, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 38, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Machine operation", "Textile handling", "Stain treatment", "Production speed" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Tunnel systems automate throughput", "Feed and finish ends stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Laundry Plant Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead production crews", "Own machine uptime", "Manage linen inventory" ] }, { "title": "Dry-Cleaning Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master delicate-fabric care", "Learn spotting chemistry", "Serve retail customers" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/laundry-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/laundry-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "cabinetmakers", "title": "Cabinetmakers and Bench Carpenters", "soc": "51-7011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$46,680", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 77170, "blsSoc": "51-7011" }, "employment": "Custom woodworking between CNC production and craft demand", "education": "High school plus apprenticeship or woodworking training", "summary": "Cabinetmakers build custom cabinets and high-grade furniture, from blueprint to finished joint. CNC routers now cut components with perfect repeatability in production shops, but custom fitting to real rooms, veneer and finish work, and one-off commissions remain bench craftsmanship.", "caveat": "The trade split into CNC production and custom bench work; the custom side thrives on what factories cannot do — fitting cabinetry to out-of-square houses and building pieces clients design with the maker.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Produce and assemble components for cabinets and fixtures", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Measure and mark dimensions following blueprints", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Set up and operate woodworking machines", "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Verify dimensions and check fit of pieces", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Woodworking craftsmanship", "Blueprint reading", "CNC routing", "Finish technique" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "CNC cuts components, makers fit rooms", "Custom commissions resist production" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Shop Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead bench and machine crews", "Own job costing", "Manage installation schedules" ] }, { "title": "CNC Programmer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master CAM software", "Nest and optimize cutting", "Bridge design to production" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cabinetmakers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cabinetmakers.json" } }, { "slug": "commercial-pilots", "title": "Commercial Pilots", "soc": "53-2012", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$123,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 47630, "blsSoc": "53-2012" }, "employment": "Charter, cargo, and agricultural flying beyond the airlines", "education": "Commercial pilot certificate plus ratings; bachelor degree common", "summary": "Commercial pilots fly charter, cargo, agricultural, and survey missions outside the airline system. The single-pilot-operations debate applies here as at the airlines, but these missions add variables automation handles worst: unimproved strips, low-level agricultural passes, and on-demand routing into unfamiliar airports.", "caveat": "Mission flexibility is the differentiator from airline flying: a charter pilot is dispatcher, weatherman, and customer host in one. Autonomous cargo experiments target fixed routes first, which describes airline structure more than the ad-hoc missions of this role.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Check aircraft systems prior to flights", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Pilot aircraft using instrumentation in poor visibility", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Calculate takeoff speeds from weight, wind, and altitude", "exposure": 42, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Monitor engine operation and aircraft systems in flight", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Instrument flight", "Preflight inspection", "Performance calculation", "Radio communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Autonomy targets fixed routes first", "Ad-hoc missions resist automation" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Airline Transport Pilot", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 156, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Build turbine time", "Earn the ATP certificate", "Apply to regional carriers" ] }, { "title": "Chief Pilot", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Manage fleet operations", "Own training standards", "Run safety programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/commercial-pilots/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/commercial-pilots.json" } }, { "slug": "ambulance-drivers", "title": "Ambulance Drivers and Attendants", "soc": "53-3011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$35,450", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12630, "blsSoc": "53-3011" }, "employment": "Patient-transport role where driving is half the job", "education": "High school plus CPR and emergency vehicle training", "summary": "Ambulance drivers and attendants drive emergency vehicles, load patients on stretchers, and assist EMTs on calls. Routing software optimizes the drive, but the role's anchor is patient handling: lifting, loading, and caring for people in transit — work that no vehicle automation touches.", "caveat": "Autonomous driving research barely applies here: the vehicle carries a patient, and the attendant's value is in the back as much as behind the wheel. The natural progression is into EMT certification, where the clinical scope expands significantly.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drive ambulances transporting sick and injured persons", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Place patients on stretchers and load them", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Accompany and assist EMTs on calls", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 38, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Report facts concerning emergencies to hospital personnel", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Emergency vehicle operation", "Patient handling", "First aid", "Incident reporting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Routing software optimizes the drive", "Patient handling is the anchor" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Emergency Medical Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Complete EMT certification", "Build clinical assessment skills", "Serve 911 systems" ] }, { "title": "Paramedic", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "18-30", "actions": [ "Complete paramedic training", "Master advanced life support", "Lead ambulance crews" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/ambulance-drivers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/ambulance-drivers.json" } }, { "slug": "shuttle-drivers-chauffeurs", "title": "Shuttle Drivers and Chauffeurs", "soc": "53-3053", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$37,290", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 248530, "blsSoc": "53-3053" }, "employment": "Fixed-route driving where autonomous shuttles are already running", "education": "High school plus passenger endorsement", "summary": "Shuttle drivers and chauffeurs run fixed and on-demand routes for airports, hotels, and campuses. Autonomous shuttle pilots operate today on exactly these routes — low-speed, geofenced, predictable — making this one of the driving roles where automation is deployed fact rather than forecast.", "caveat": "The honest reading is moderate-to-high pressure on fixed routes, with a service anchor: wheelchair lifts, passenger assistance, and charter flexibility still need a driver. Chauffeur work at the premium end sells the human as part of the product.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate vehicles following traffic and safety regulations", "exposure": 40, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Operate wheelchair lifts and secure passengers with special needs", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test vehicle equipment to ensure proper operation", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Perform routine vehicle maintenance checks", "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 38, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Passenger transport", "Accessibility assistance", "Vehicle safety checks", "Route reliability" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Autonomous shuttles run fixed routes now", "Assisted transport keeps drivers" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Paratransit Driver", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Specialize in assisted transport", "Earn passenger-assistance certification", "Serve transit agencies" ] }, { "title": "Fleet Operations Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move into dispatch and scheduling", "Manage vehicle assignments", "Track service metrics" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/shuttle-drivers-chauffeurs/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/shuttle-drivers-chauffeurs.json" } }, { "slug": "sailors", "title": "Sailors and Marine Oilers", "soc": "53-5011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$51,520", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 31670, "blsSoc": "53-5011" }, "employment": "Deck-crew role under SOLAS crewing rules", "education": "Merchant Mariner Credential required", "summary": "Sailors and marine oilers stand watch, handle mooring lines, maintain machinery, and keep engineering logs aboard commercial vessels. Autonomous vessel trials make headlines, but international crewing rules, port operations, and the physical reality of lines, barges, and machinery keep deck crews aboard.", "caveat": "Regulation is the near-term anchor: SOLAS and flag-state rules mandate crew levels, and ports require hands for docking, cargo hose handling, and watch-standing. Unmanned vessels target short, simple routes first — a small fraction of tonnage.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Handle lines to moor vessels and rig towing", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Stand watch to look for obstructions", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Read gauges and record data in engineering logs", "exposure": 44, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 50, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Attach hoses and operate pumps for cargo transfer", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Mooring operations", "Watch safety procedures", "Cargo handling", "Marine safety compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Crewing rules mandate hands aboard", "Autonomy targets short routes first" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Able Seaman", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Accumulate sea time", "Earn AB endorsement", "Add tankerman credentials" ] }, { "title": "Marine Terminal Operator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move to shore-side cargo ops", "Master transfer systems", "Run terminal equipment" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/sailors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/sailors.json" } }, { "slug": "ship-captains", "title": "Ship Captains and Mates", "soc": "53-5021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$92,460", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 36850, "blsSoc": "53-5021" }, "employment": "Vessel command with port-ops judgment at the center", "education": "Extensive sea time plus Coast Guard licensing", "summary": "Ship captains and mates direct courses, dock vessels, and command crews through locks, narrows, and congested harbors. Voyage-optimization software and electronic chart systems sharpen navigation, but the docking maneuver — wind, current, tug coordination, and a hundred thousand tons of momentum — is master-level judgment.", "caveat": "Autonomous shipping pilots proceed on simple coastal routes under supervision; command authority, port-ops judgment, and legal responsibility for vessel, crew, and cargo remain with licensed officers. The mate-to-master pipeline rewards sea time above all.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Direct courses and speeds using local knowledge", "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Dock and undock vessels through narrow spaces", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Consult charts and navigation equipment to direct movement", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Prevent vessels from engaging in unsafe operations", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Vessel operations", "Harbor navigation", "Crew leadership", "Maritime compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Chart systems assist navigation", "Docking judgment stays with the master" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Harbor Pilot", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 150, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Accumulate local waterway time", "Earn pilot endorsement", "Join pilot associations" ] }, { "title": "Port Captain", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Move to shore-side management", "Oversee fleet operations", "Manage port relationships" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/ship-captains/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/ship-captains.json" } }, { "slug": "transportation-inspectors", "title": "Transportation Inspectors", "soc": "53-6051", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$92,100", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 24500, "blsSoc": "53-6051" }, "employment": "Cargo and vehicle compliance with sensor-data assists", "education": "High school plus industry experience; certifications common", "summary": "Transportation inspectors examine freight, vehicles, and handling procedures for safety compliance. Telematics and EDR data now document what happens between inspections, augmenting the record — but the inspection itself, physically verifying load securement and finding the violation a sensor missed, stays on site.", "caveat": "Sensor data makes inspectors more effective by flagging where to look; liability for certifying compliance keeps a human signature on the work. E-commerce freight growth expands exactly the cargo this role inspects.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect cargo and handling devices for compliance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Observe loading to ensure crews comply with procedures", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Prepare and submit reports after shipments", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Advise crews on stowing dangerous and heavy cargo", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Cargo inspection", "Regulatory compliance", "Fleet telematics", "Inspection reporting" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Telematics flags where to look", "Compliance certification stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Safety Compliance Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own carrier safety programs", "Manage audit readiness", "Lead inspector teams" ] }, { "title": "Dangerous Goods Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn hazmat certifications", "Master DG regulations", "Serve high-risk shippers" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/transportation-inspectors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/transportation-inspectors.json" } }, { "slug": "parking-attendants", "title": "Parking Attendants", "soc": "53-6021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$35,150", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 137880, "blsSoc": "53-6021" }, "employment": "Valet and lot service facing automated garages", "education": "No formal credential required", "summary": "Parking attendants park and retrieve vehicles, collect fees, and manage lots. Ticketless payment and automated garages now handle the transaction and, increasingly, the parking itself — robotic garages stack cars without drivers. The honest reading is high pressure on the traditional lot model.", "caveat": "What persists is the premium service layer: valet at hotels and hospitals where handing keys to a person is the product, and event parking where flow management needs judgment. Attendants should treat lot work as a bridge toward guest-service or fleet roles.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 56, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Park and retrieve automobiles for customers", "exposure": 30, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Collect fees and respond to customer complaints", "exposure": 48, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect vehicles to detect any damage", "exposure": 32, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 40, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Issue tags and log keys for locating vehicles", "exposure": 56, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 42, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Vehicle handling", "Customer service", "Damage inspection", "Cash handling" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Robotic garages stack cars without drivers", "Valet service sells the human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Valet Operations Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Lead valet teams", "Own event logistics", "Manage key-control systems" ] }, { "title": "Fleet Services Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move into vehicle fleet work", "Track maintenance schedules", "Manage rental inventory" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/parking-attendants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/parking-attendants.json" } }, { "slug": "material-moving-supervisors", "title": "Material Moving Supervisors", "soc": "53-1043", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$59,150", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "The near-move target for warehouse and logistics workers", "education": "High school plus material-moving experience", "summary": "Material moving supervisors assign work, enforce safety rules, and coordinate the loading crews and equipment that keep freight flowing. Warehouse management systems now optimize assignments algorithmically, but someone still walks the floor, resolves the conflict, owns the safety record, and answers for the shift.", "caveat": "This is the natural advancement for warehouse and logistics workers as automation compresses entry-level headcount: fewer workers per shift, but each shift still needs a supervisor who manages both people and the automation running alongside them.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 28, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan work assignments and equipment allocations", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Enforce safety rules and regulations", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Resolve worker problems and assist in resolution", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Explain and demonstrate work tasks to new workers", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Crew supervision", "Warehouse systems", "Safety compliance", "Shift planning" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "WMS optimizes assignments, supervisors own shifts", "Automation raises the supervisory bar" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Distribution Center Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own site P&L basics", "Master WMS configuration", "Lead multi-shift operations" ] }, { "title": "Logistics Operations Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Analyze throughput data", "Optimize labor models", "Support automation projects" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/material-moving-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/material-moving-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "farmers-ranchers", "title": "Farmers and Ranchers", "soc": "11-9013", "category": "Business and Finance", "categorySlug": "business-finance", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$89,900", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 6500, "blsSoc": "11-9013" }, "employment": "Owner-operator role adopting precision agriculture fastest", "education": "Extensive experience; degree increasingly common", "summary": "Farmers and ranchers run land, livestock, and finances as one business. Autosteer tractors, drone scouting, and sensor-monitored herds now generate and act on data continuously — but deciding what to plant, when to sell, and how to survive a drought year is judgment that no platform owns.", "caveat": "Precision agriculture raises output per operator rather than removing the operator: someone owns the land, the debt, and the weather risk. The real squeeze is consolidation and labor scarcity, which makes automation adoption a survival strategy, not a threat.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Determine resource allocation and respond to drought or infestation", "exposure": 30, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Collect and record growth, production, and environmental data", "exposure": 58, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 60, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Set planting and care schedules for growing conditions", "exposure": 38, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Direct and monitor breeding, hatching, or rearing operations", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Farm business management", "Precision agriculture", "Market timing", "Livestock management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Autosteer and sensors are standard equipment", "Consolidation is the real headcount force" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Precision Agriculture Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own farm data platforms", "Optimize variable-rate applications", "Manage drone scouting" ] }, { "title": "Agricultural Operations Consultant", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Serve neighboring operations", "Advise on technology ROI", "Broker equipment-sharing deals" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/farmers-ranchers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/farmers-ranchers.json" } }, { "slug": "gambling-managers", "title": "Gambling Managers", "soc": "11-9071", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$93,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 5030, "blsSoc": "11-9071" }, "employment": "Casino operations management above dealers and surveillance", "education": "Extensive gaming-floor experience; licensing required", "summary": "Gambling managers run pit operations: staffing tables, resolving payout disputes, and removing advantage players. Surveillance analytics and cashless systems now track every bet, giving managers better information — while staffing judgment, regulatory relationships, and floor disputes stay with a licensed manager.", "caveat": "Distinct from dealers and surveillance officers: the manager absorbs the analytics output and acts on it. Cashless gaming data makes advantage-play detection easier; deciding what to do about it, and keeping a shift staffed and compliant, remains human work.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor staffing levels and arrange rotations", "exposure": 46, "automation": 23, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Resolve customer complaints and payout disputes", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Remove suspected cheaters and advantage players", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Track money supplies to tables and complete paperwork", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Gaming operations", "Staff scheduling", "Regulatory compliance", "Dispute resolution" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Bet-tracking analytics inform managers", "Licensing keeps accountability human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Casino Operations Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead multi-pit operations", "Own gaming compliance programs", "Manage revenue performance" ] }, { "title": "Gaming Analytics Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own player-tracking data", "Optimize table mix", "Advise on floor layout" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/gambling-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/gambling-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "entertainment-recreation-managers", "title": "Entertainment and Recreation Managers", "soc": "11-9072", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Management", "medianWage": "$79,520", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 37980, "blsSoc": "11-9072" }, "employment": "Venue and program operations with booking software assists", "education": "Bachelor degree plus facility experience", "summary": "Entertainment and recreation managers plan programs, hire staff, and run budgets for venues, camps, and attractions. Booking platforms and scheduling software automate the logistics, while live-event judgment — reading a crowd, handling the day-of crisis, building a program people return for — stays with the manager.", "caveat": "Software compresses the administrative half of the role: budgets, bookings, and schedules. The other half is presence: staff supervision during events and customer relationships are in-person management work.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan programs of events and activity schedules", "exposure": 48, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Plan, organize, or lead group activities", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Write budgets for recreational programs", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Interview and hire associates", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Program planning", "Event operations", "Budgeting", "Staff supervision" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Platforms automate booking logistics", "Live-event judgment stays on site" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Venue Operations Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own facility P&L", "Lead event-day operations", "Build promoter relationships" ] }, { "title": "Recreation Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Grow program portfolios", "Own registration platforms", "Measure participation outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/entertainment-recreation-managers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/entertainment-recreation-managers.json" } }, { "slug": "agricultural-engineers", "title": "Agricultural Engineers", "soc": "17-2021", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$98,590", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1480, "blsSoc": "17-2021" }, "employment": "Designs the automation that is reshaping farming", "education": "Bachelor degree in agricultural or biological engineering", "summary": "Agricultural engineers design the machinery, irrigation, and sensor systems that precision agriculture runs on. Modeling software and simulation accelerate design work, but field conditions — soil, weather, animal behavior — require engineers who test equipment where it will actually be used.", "caveat": "This occupation sits on the automation supply side: demand grows as farms adopt autonomous equipment and water-management systems. Site visits, client consultation with farmers, and field testing keep the role grounded.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare reports, drawings, and specifications for systems", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 66, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Visit sites to observe problems and monitor construction", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Meet with farmers and developers to discuss needs", "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Test agricultural machinery for adequate performance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Systems design", "Field testing", "Irrigation engineering", "Client consultation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Precision-ag adoption drives demand", "Field validation stays on site" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Precision Ag Systems Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own automation deployments", "Integrate sensor networks", "Serve dealer and farm clients" ] }, { "title": "Water Resources Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add civil coursework", "Sit for the FE exam", "Lead irrigation district projects" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/agricultural-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/agricultural-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "mining-engineers", "title": "Mining and Geological Engineers", "soc": "17-2151", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$106,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 6080, "blsSoc": "17-2151" }, "employment": "Mine design role as autonomous haulage scales up", "education": "Bachelor degree in mining or geological engineering", "summary": "Mining and geological engineers design extraction plans, select methods, and inspect mines for safety. Autonomous haul trucks and drilling systems now run production at large sites, but mine design, ground-control judgment, and the safety inspection of working areas remain licensed engineering work.", "caveat": "Automation changes production crews first; the engineers who design autonomous operations are in greater demand, not less. Underground conditions and regulatory sign-off on mine plans keep professional accountability human.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 24, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Select extraction methods based on safety and cost", "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Inspect mining areas for unsafe conditions", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Prepare technical reports and cost estimates", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 64, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Monitor mine production rates for effectiveness", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Mine design", "Safety inspection", "Cost estimating", "Autonomous fleet planning" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Autonomous haulage changes crews, not designers", "Mine-plan sign-off stays professional" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Mine Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead site operations", "Own production targets", "Manage autonomous fleets" ] }, { "title": "Mine Safety Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Specialize in ground control", "Lead regulatory inspections", "Own ventilation plans" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mining-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mining-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "calibration-technicians", "title": "Calibration Technologists and Technicians", "soc": "17-3028", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Architecture and Engineering", "medianWage": "$67,820", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 16540, "blsSoc": "17-3028" }, "employment": "Metrology role growing with the sensor economy", "education": "Associate degree or technical training common", "summary": "Calibration technologists test and adjust measurement devices against known standards. Automated calibration benches run the repetitive comparisons, but traceability documentation, field calibration of installed instruments, and judgment about anomalous drift keep technicians in the loop.", "caveat": "Every new sensor in a factory, lab, or aircraft eventually needs calibration: the sensor economy expands this role's customer base. Regulatory traceability requirements make the documentation and sign-off human-accountable.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Calibrate devices against known standards", "exposure": 34, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Analyze test data to identify calibration requirements", "exposure": 48, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain and repair measurement devices", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Develop new calibration methods and techniques", "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Precision measurement", "Traceability documentation", "Test equipment", "Drift analysis" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Benches automate routine comparisons", "Traceability sign-off stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Metrology Lab Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead calibration schedules", "Own ISO 17025 compliance", "Manage reference standards" ] }, { "title": "Quality Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete an engineering degree", "Master measurement-system analysis", "Lead audit programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/calibration-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/calibration-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "animal-scientists", "title": "Animal Scientists", "soc": "19-1011", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$68,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3100, "blsSoc": "19-1011" }, "employment": "Livestock research role with precision-feeding data", "education": "Bachelor degree minimum; doctoral degree for research", "summary": "Animal scientists research nutrition, breeding, and management to improve animal production. Genomic selection tools and precision-feeding sensors now generate the data at scale, shifting scientists toward study design and interpretation while herd-level decisions still need biological judgment.", "caveat": "Data platforms changed the measurement, not the science: advising producers on feeding programs, designing breeding trials, and controlling disease in real herds require expertise that wears boots.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 28, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Conduct research on animal nutrition and breeding", "exposure": 44, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 64, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Advise producers on products and techniques", "exposure": 28, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop improved feeding and disease-control practices", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Communicate findings to scientists and producers", "exposure": 52, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 64, "type": "language" } ], "skills": [ "Animal nutrition research", "Breeding data analysis", "Statistical analysis", "Producer advisory" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Sensors generate the data, scientists design the trials", "Producer advising stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Livestock Data Scientist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own herd-analytics platforms", "Validate genomic predictions", "Serve producer clients" ] }, { "title": "Research Program Lead", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete a doctoral program", "Lead trial programs", "Publish applied research" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/animal-scientists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/animal-scientists.json" } }, { "slug": "foresters", "title": "Foresters", "soc": "19-1032", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$76,400", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 10430, "blsSoc": "19-1032" }, "employment": "Forest management with remote-sensing augmentation", "education": "Bachelor degree in forestry; state registration in many states", "summary": "Foresters plan timber harvests, manage conservation projects, and negotiate land agreements. Satellite imagery and LiDAR now inventory stands remotely, changing how foresters measure — but harvest plans, contract negotiation, and walking the tract to verify what the imagery claims stay in the field.", "caveat": "Remote sensing makes one forester cover more ground, which is augmentation: the same professional reviews more acres with better data. Regulatory compliance and landowner negotiation keep the role relationship-and-judgment anchored.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Establish plans for management of forest lands", "exposure": 38, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Plan cutting programs and manage timber sales", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Perform inspections of forests and nurseries", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Negotiate terms for harvesting and land leasing", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 52, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Forest management planning", "LiDAR data analysis", "Timber contract negotiation", "Field inspection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "LiDAR inventories stands remotely", "Contract negotiation stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Forestry Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead harvest programs", "Own contractor performance", "Manage certification audits" ] }, { "title": "GIS Forest Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master remote-sensing workflows", "Automate stand inventories", "Serve land-management clients" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/foresters/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/foresters.json" } }, { "slug": "io-psychologists", "title": "Industrial-Organizational Psychologists", "soc": "19-3032", "category": "Technology", "categorySlug": "technology", "majorGroup": "Life, Physical, and Social Science", "medianWage": "$193,950", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 790, "blsSoc": "19-3032" }, "employment": "The workforce-analytics specialty AI disruption feeds", "education": "Master or doctoral degree in I/O psychology", "summary": "Industrial-organizational psychologists design employee selection systems, assessments, and development programs. AI hiring tools and people-analytics platforms are exactly their subject matter — and their professional role is validating that those tools actually predict performance without discriminating.", "caveat": "Demand for this specialty rises with AI adoption in HR: someone must validate the algorithms, design defensible assessments, and lead organizational change through automation. The science of assessment validity is the moat.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 23, "augmentation": 66, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 22, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop employee selection and placement programs", "exposure": 44, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Analyze program outcomes using statistical methods", "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 68, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop interview techniques and psychological tests", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Observe and interview workers about job requirements", "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Assessment design", "Statistical analysis", "Organizational consultation", "Validation research" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI hiring tools need validation", "Change management demand grows" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "People Analytics Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own workforce analytics", "Audit AI hiring tools", "Advise executives on org design" ] }, { "title": "Organizational Development Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead transformation programs", "Design leadership pipelines", "Measure change outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/io-psychologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/io-psychologists.json" } }, { "slug": "health-education-specialists", "title": "Health Education Specialists", "soc": "21-1091", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Community and Social Service", "medianWage": "$64,070", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 65690, "blsSoc": "21-1091" }, "employment": "Community health programming with content-tool exposure", "education": "Bachelor degree; CHES certification common", "summary": "Health education specialists develop and deliver programs on prevention, vaccines, and chronic disease. Content-generation tools now draft educational materials instantly, compressing the production side — but community needs assessment, coalition building, and delivering programs that actually change behavior stay human.", "caveat": "The honest exposure is in materials production; the durable work is relationships with agencies and schools, and evaluating whether a program worked. Public-health funding cycles matter more to employment than automation does.", "scores": { "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 30, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop and present health education programs", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 58, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Prepare and distribute health education materials", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 60, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Conduct health needs assessments and surveys", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Build relationships with agencies and civic groups", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Program development", "Agency collaboration", "Needs assessment", "Health communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI drafts educational materials", "Coalition building stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Public Health Program Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own program portfolios", "Manage grant deliverables", "Lead evaluation studies" ] }, { "title": "Community Health Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete an MPH", "Lead department strategy", "Manage agency partnerships" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/health-education-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/health-education-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "biology-professors", "title": "Biological Science Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1042", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$84,620", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 50190, "blsSoc": "25-1042" }, "employment": "Faculty role anchored by the wet lab", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Biology faculty teach molecular biology and botany while running research programs. AI tools now design experiments and annotate genomes, but the teaching laboratory — pipettes, cultures, dissections — is supervised physical instruction, and research at the bench still runs on trained hands.", "caveat": "Bioinformatics tooling compresses analysis time and raises research output per lab. Enrollment in pre-health tracks keeps teaching demand strong, and lab supervision cannot be streamed.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver biology lectures", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Supervise student laboratory work", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 50, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Keep abreast of developments in the field", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Biology instruction", "Laboratory supervision", "Research mentoring", "Assessment design" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI compresses analysis, not bench work", "Pre-health enrollment stays strong" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum redesign", "Manage research portfolios", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Core Facility Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run shared instrumentation labs", "Train facility users", "Manage grant recharges" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/biology-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/biology-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "chemistry-professors", "title": "Chemistry Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1052", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$93,250", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 19980, "blsSoc": "25-1052" }, "employment": "Faculty role where safety supervision is the job", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Chemistry faculty teach organic and analytical chemistry while supervising laboratories full of hazardous materials. AI solves textbook problems and drafts lab reports, but teaching students to handle chemicals safely — and catching the mistake before it becomes an incident — is in-person accountability.", "caveat": "Safety rules make the lab a supervised environment by regulation and by sense: compliance monitoring of student technique is not delegable. Research demand for computational chemistry skills grows alongside the tooling.", "scores": { "exposure": 50, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver chemistry lectures", "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Monitor student compliance with safety rules", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Supervise student laboratory work", "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 50, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Compile, administer, and grade examinations", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Chemistry instruction", "Laboratory safety", "Assessment design", "Research supervision" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Problem-solving AI hits homework first", "Lab safety supervision is mandated" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead curriculum redesign", "Manage research portfolios", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Chemical Safety Officer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own lab safety programs", "Lead compliance audits", "Train teaching assistants" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/chemistry-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/chemistry-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "foreign-language-professors", "title": "Foreign Language and Literature Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1124", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$79,350", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 19830, "blsSoc": "25-1124" }, "employment": "Faculty role facing the machine-translation question directly", "education": "Doctoral degree typical", "summary": "Foreign language faculty teach speaking, writing, and literature while machine translation handles casual fluency. That pressures enrollment in basic sequences — the honest headwind — while shifting the discipline's value toward cultural expertise, literature, and the advanced proficiency machines fumble.", "caveat": "Distinct from working translators: this role teaches rather than practices. Language-app competition is real for introductory courses; the durable enrollment is in majors, heritage speakers, and study-abroad programs where the subject is culture, not vocabulary.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 68, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare and deliver language and culture lectures", "exposure": 56, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 70, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Evaluate and grade student work", "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Initiate and moderate classroom discussions", "exposure": 30, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Conduct research and publish findings", "exposure": 50, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Language instruction", "Cultural expertise", "Curriculum design", "Academic writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Apps absorb introductory enrollment", "Cultural and literary teaching persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Department Chair", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead program redesign", "Grow heritage-speaker tracks", "Own program outcomes" ] }, { "title": "Language Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run intensive programs", "Manage placement testing", "Lead study-abroad partnerships" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/foreign-language-professors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/foreign-language-professors.json" } }, { "slug": "cte-teachers-postsecondary", "title": "Career and Technical Education Teachers, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-1194", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$63,820", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 114110, "blsSoc": "25-1194" }, "employment": "Trades instructor role with enrollment tailwinds", "education": "Industry experience plus teaching credential; degree varies", "summary": "Career and technical education teachers train students in welding, healthcare, culinary, and other occupational skills. Their enrollment strengthens as students seek AI-resilient careers — the same disruption that pressures lecture disciplines pushes learners toward hands-on programs with equipment and employer pipelines.", "caveat": "The subject matter is the moat: supervising students on real equipment, administering performance tests, and maintaining industry partnerships are physical and relational work. AI tools help with lesson prep; the shop floor is the classroom.", "scores": { "exposure": 44, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 70, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise and monitor student use of tools and equipment", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Present lectures and conduct discussions", "exposure": 50, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 64, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Administer performance tests to evaluate training", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Develop curricula and plan course content", "exposure": 50, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Technical instruction", "Equipment supervision", "Performance assessment", "Industry partnerships" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Trades enrollment grows on AI anxiety", "Shop supervision is the classroom" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "CTE Program Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own program accreditation", "Build employer advisory boards", "Manage equipment budgets" ] }, { "title": "Workforce Development Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Design employer-customized training", "Measure placement outcomes", "Manage grant programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/cte-teachers-postsecondary/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/cte-teachers-postsecondary.json" } }, { "slug": "graduate-teaching-assistants", "title": "Teaching Assistants, Postsecondary", "soc": "25-9044", "category": "Education", "categorySlug": "education", "majorGroup": "Educational Instruction and Library", "medianWage": "$42,910", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 164090, "blsSoc": "25-9044" }, "employment": "Graduate-student role where grading automation lands first", "education": "Enrollment in a graduate program", "summary": "Graduate teaching assistants lead discussion sections, run labs, and grade mountains of undergraduate work. AI grading and feedback tools target exactly the grading portion — the most compressible part of the assistantship — while leading a live section and mentoring students stays human.", "caveat": "Distinct from K-12 teaching assistants: this is apprenticeship for academia, funded by the teaching. AI absorbs grading hours, which departments may convert into fewer assistantships — the honest risk — or into more instructional contact time.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 60, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Evaluate and grade examinations and assignments", "exposure": 62, "automation": 38, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Lead discussion sections, tutorials, or labs", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop teaching materials and course resources", "exposure": 54, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 64, "type": "language" }, { "label": "Prepare or proctor examinations", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Section facilitation", "Assessment and grading", "Course material development", "Student mentoring" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "AI grading targets the core workload", "Live sections stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Assistant Professor Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 220, "trainingMonths": "36-60", "actions": [ "Complete the doctorate", "Publish research", "Build a teaching portfolio" ] }, { "title": "Instructional Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master learning platforms", "Design AI-aware assessments", "Measure learning outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/graduate-teaching-assistants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/graduate-teaching-assistants.json" } }, { "slug": "oral-surgeons", "title": "Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons", "soc": "29-1022", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$352,220", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 4910, "blsSoc": "29-1022" }, "employment": "Dental surgical specialty with implant-planning software", "education": "DDS/DMD plus surgical residency and board certification", "summary": "Oral and maxillofacial surgeons remove impacted teeth, place implants, and reconstruct jaws. Implant-planning software and surgical guides now map procedures in 3D before the first incision — precision augmentation — while anesthesia administration and surgery itself remain licensed, physical, and high-stakes.", "caveat": "Guided surgery makes outcomes more predictable and the surgeon more productive; it does not operate. Sedation responsibility alone keeps a trained professional in the room for every case.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 18, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Remove impacted and non-restorable teeth", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Perform surgery for implants and tissue regeneration", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Administer general and local anesthetics", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Collaborate with dentists and orthodontists on treatment", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Surgical technique", "Anesthesia administration", "3D treatment planning", "Patient consultation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Guides plan surgery, surgeons perform it", "Sedation accountability is licensed" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Practice Owner", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 130, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Build referral networks", "Own practice operations", "Add implant volume" ] }, { "title": "Residency Program Faculty", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 104, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Teach surgical residents", "Publish outcomes research", "Lead clinical trials" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/oral-surgeons/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/oral-surgeons.json" } }, { "slug": "exercise-physiologists", "title": "Exercise Physiologists", "soc": "29-1128", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$59,460", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8560, "blsSoc": "29-1128" }, "employment": "Clinical exercise role with wearable-data augmentation", "education": "Bachelor degree; certification common", "summary": "Exercise physiologists prescribe and supervise exercise programs for patients with cardiac, pulmonary, and metabolic conditions. Wearables now stream heart-rate and activity data continuously, sharpening the prescription — while clinical oversight of at-risk patients during exercise stays in the room.", "caveat": "This is clinical work, not fitness training: emergency response duty and individualized prescription for diseased populations require credentialed judgment. Wearable data expands what one physiologist can monitor between sessions.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Develop individualized exercise programs", "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 58, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Provide clinical oversight of exercise at all risk levels", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Interpret participant data to evaluate progress", "exposure": 48, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Demonstrate correct use of equipment and routines", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Exercise prescription", "Clinical supervision", "Wearable data analysis", "Emergency response" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Wearables extend monitoring between sessions", "At-risk supervision stays in person" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Cardiac Rehabilitation Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead rehab programs", "Own telemetry protocols", "Coordinate with cardiology" ] }, { "title": "Clinical Exercise Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete a master degree", "Earn ACSM clinical certification", "Manage program outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/exercise-physiologists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/exercise-physiologists.json" } }, { "slug": "nurse-midwives", "title": "Nurse Midwives", "soc": "29-1161", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$134,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 7920, "blsSoc": "29-1161" }, "employment": "Birth-attendance role with monitoring-AI assists", "education": "Master degree in nurse-midwifery plus certification", "summary": "Nurse midwives provide prenatal care, attend births, and manage postpartum and newborn care. Fetal-monitoring AI now flags tracing patterns earlier, assisting surveillance — but labor is an unfolding physical event, and the decision to escalate to a physician is a bedside judgment with two lives attached.", "caveat": "Monitoring algorithms augment vigilance; they do not catch babies. Midwifery demand grows on outcomes data and maternity-care deserts, and the role's continuous presence during labor is the product itself.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Provide prenatal, intrapartum, and postpartum care", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor fetal development and estimate fetal status", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Develop and implement individualized care plans", "exposure": 34, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Document health histories and diagnostic information", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 62, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Intrapartum patient care", "Fetal monitoring", "Care planning", "Patient counseling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Monitoring AI flags tracings earlier", "Birth attendance is the product" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Midwifery Practice Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead midwifery teams", "Own quality outcomes", "Manage physician collaboration" ] }, { "title": "Women's Health Nurse Practitioner", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 108, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add WHNP certification", "Broaden primary-care scope", "Serve clinic populations" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/nurse-midwives/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/nurse-midwives.json" } }, { "slug": "general-internists", "title": "General Internal Medicine Physicians", "soc": "29-1216", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$256,560", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 67150, "blsSoc": "29-1216" }, "employment": "The generalist diagnostic role AI triage targets most directly", "education": "Doctoral degree plus internal medicine residency and board certification", "summary": "General internists diagnose and manage complex adult illness — the specialty whose core task, the differential diagnosis, is exactly what diagnostic AI performs best on. The honest read: AI triage and draft differentials are real augmentation with real accuracy, while managing multi-morbidity, uncertainty, and the patient relationship stays with the physician.", "caveat": "Diagnostic tools change the workflow, not the accountability: someone integrates contradicting data, weighs treatment tradeoffs for an eighty-year-old with five conditions, and owns the outcome. Chronic-disease prevalence keeps demand high.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 18, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Analyze records and test results to diagnose conditions", "exposure": 48, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 66, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Manage common, chronic, and complex illnesses", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Prescribe and administer medication and therapy", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Explain procedures and discuss results with patients", "exposure": 18, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Differential diagnosis", "Chronic disease management", "Medication management", "Patient communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Diagnostic AI drafts differentials", "Multi-morbidity judgment stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Primary Care Medical Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead panel management", "Deploy AI triage workflows", "Own quality metrics" ] }, { "title": "Hospitalist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 106, "trainingMonths": "0-6", "actions": [ "Shift to inpatient medicine", "Lead admission workflows", "Coordinate discharge planning" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/general-internists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/general-internists.json" } }, { "slug": "pediatric-surgeons", "title": "Pediatric Surgeons", "soc": "29-1243", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$559,030", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1190, "blsSoc": "29-1243" }, "employment": "Subspecialty surgery at the end of the longest training pipeline", "education": "Doctoral degree plus surgical residency, fellowship, and board certification", "summary": "Pediatric surgeons operate on fetuses, infants, and children — anatomy measured in millimeters, with parents in the consultation room. Robotic platforms assist minimally invasive cases, but neonatal and pediatric operations remain the most specialized manual work in surgery.", "caveat": "Fifteen-plus years of training gates supply; robotic assistance changes technique, not accountability. Preoperative judgment about whether to operate at all, and consent conversations with parents, are physician duties.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 16, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Examine and diagnose children to determine surgical need", "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Follow established surgical techniques during operations", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inform parents of health problems and procedures", "exposure": 16, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Direct and coordinate activities of medical staff", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Pediatric surgical technique", "Surgical risk assessment", "Care team leadership", "Family communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Robotics assist technique in small anatomy", "Training pipeline gates supply" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Division Chief of Pediatric Surgery", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead surgical programs", "Own outcomes research", "Recruit subspecialists" ] }, { "title": "Fetal Surgery Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete fetal-surgery fellowship", "Join a fetal center", "Publish technique outcomes" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/pediatric-surgeons/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/pediatric-surgeons.json" } }, { "slug": "acupuncturists", "title": "Acupuncturists", "soc": "29-1291", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$76,040", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 7830, "blsSoc": "29-1291" }, "employment": "Licensed hands-on practice with no automation surface", "education": "Master degree in acupuncture plus state licensure", "summary": "Acupuncturists treat patients with needles and related techniques, building treatment plans from individual assessment. There is essentially no automation surface: the treatment is manual, the relationship is the mechanism, and licensure gates practice.", "caveat": "Demand tracks integrative-medicine adoption and insurance coverage, not technology cycles. Practice-management software handles scheduling and records; the treatment room is untouched.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Insert needles to provide acupuncture treatment", "exposure": 10, "automation": 3, "augmentation": 22, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Develop individual treatment plans and strategies", "exposure": 32, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Identify correct point locations based on anatomy", "exposure": 20, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Evaluate treatment outcomes and adjust treatments", "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Acupuncture technique", "Treatment planning", "Patient assessment", "Infection control" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "No automation surface in treatment", "Insurance coverage shapes demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Integrative Clinic Director", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build a multi-practitioner clinic", "Manage physician referrals", "Own practice operations" ] }, { "title": "Hospital-Based Acupuncturist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Join integrative-medicine programs", "Document outcomes for credentialing", "Serve oncology and pain services" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/acupuncturists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/acupuncturists.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-dosimetrists", "title": "Medical Dosimetrists", "soc": "29-2036", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$147,470", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3410, "blsSoc": "29-2036" }, "employment": "Radiation-planning specialty where auto-contouring is genuinely strong", "education": "Bachelor degree plus dosimetry program and MDCB certification", "summary": "Medical dosimetrists design radiation treatment plans, calculating dose distributions that maximize tumor coverage while sparing organs. Auto-contouring and auto-planning AI now draft plans in minutes — a genuine, deployed capability — making this one of the more exposed allied-health specialties, with verification and oncology-team consultation as the anchor.", "caveat": "The honest read is moderate-to-high task exposure: AI drafts, the dosimetrist verifies, adjusts, and defends the plan. Plan-quality accountability and edge-case anatomy keep the role, but the drafting hours are compressing now, not eventually.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 62, "displacementPressure": 42, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Calculate delivery of radiation treatment per session", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 60, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Design radiation field arrangements to spare organs", "exposure": 52, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 62, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Identify and outline structures using imaging", "exposure": 56, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 60, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Develop treatment plans with the oncology team", "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 56, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Treatment planning", "Radiation dose planning", "Auto-contouring verification", "Oncology collaboration" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Auto-planning drafts plans in minutes", "Plan verification stays accountable" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Medical Dosimetrist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own plan-quality protocols", "Lead AI-planning validation", "Supervise dosimetry staff" ] }, { "title": "Medical Physics Resident", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete a physics graduate program", "Enter CAMPEP residency", "Earn ABR certification" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-dosimetrists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-dosimetrists.json" } }, { "slug": "ophthalmic-technicians", "title": "Ophthalmic Medical Technicians", "soc": "29-2057", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$45,570", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 71010, "blsSoc": "29-2057" }, "employment": "Eye-clinic testing role operating the AI-screening scanners", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "Ophthalmic technicians take ocular measurements, operate imaging equipment, and document histories — the staff who actually run the OCT and retinal cameras whose images AI screens. Imaging AI raises the value of clean acquisition while the patient-facing measurement work stays manual.", "caveat": "AI reads the images; technicians take them. Poor scans defeat algorithms, so capture quality becomes more important, and tonometry, visual-acuity testing, and patient positioning remain hands-on.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate ophthalmic equipment such as autorefractors and tomographs", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Conduct tonometry tests to measure intraocular pressure", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Take and document patient medical histories", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Measure visual acuity using appropriate tests", "exposure": 32, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Ophthalmic imaging", "Patient measurement", "Medical documentation", "Clinical screening" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI screening needs clean captures", "Patient-facing testing stays manual" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Ophthalmic Technologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn COT certification", "Lead imaging protocols", "Train new technicians" ] }, { "title": "Ophthalmic Clinic Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run clinic flow", "Own equipment programs", "Manage technician teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/ophthalmic-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/ophthalmic-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "hearing-aid-specialists", "title": "Hearing Aid Specialists", "soc": "29-2092", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Practitioners and Technical", "medianWage": "$65,160", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 11270, "blsSoc": "29-2092" }, "employment": "Hearing-care retail facing the OTC disruption", "education": "State licensure; postsecondary training common", "summary": "Hearing aid specialists test hearing, fit devices, and counsel patients on communication. The disruption here is market structure more than AI: over-the-counter hearing aids with app-based self-fitting took the entry-level segment, pressuring the traditional dispensing model directly.", "caveat": "The honest pressure is OTC self-fitting for mild loss, which is exactly the high-volume segment. Complex fittings, earmold impressions, and counseling for severe loss stay professional — the role migrates upmarket rather than vanishing.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 32, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Administer basic hearing tests and screenings", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Create or modify impressions for earmolds and shells", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Train clients to use hearing aids", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Counsel patients on communication strategies", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Hearing testing", "Custom fitting technique", "Patient counseling", "Hearing aid repair" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "OTC self-fitting takes mild-loss volume", "Complex fittings stay professional" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Audiology Assistant to Audiologist Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 54, "wagePreservation": 190, "trainingMonths": "48-72", "actions": [ "Complete a doctor of audiology", "Earn clinical certification", "Serve diagnostic caseloads" ] }, { "title": "Hearing Care Practice Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own practice operations", "Build physician referral channels", "Lead OTC-plus-service models" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/hearing-aid-specialists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/hearing-aid-specialists.json" } }, { "slug": "medical-equipment-preparers", "title": "Medical Equipment Preparers", "soc": "31-9093", "category": "Healthcare", "categorySlug": "healthcare", "majorGroup": "Healthcare Support", "medianWage": "$47,700", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 77420, "blsSoc": "31-9093" }, "employment": "Sterile processing role with tracking-system augmentation", "education": "Postsecondary certificate; certification increasingly required", "summary": "Medical equipment preparers clean, sterilize, and assemble surgical instrument trays. Instrument-tracking software and automated washers now log every cycle, but tray assembly, inspection for defects, and the infection-control chain of custody stay human — a missed instrument delays an operation.", "caveat": "Automation handles the sterilization cycle; humans handle the instruments. Certification requirements are tightening across states, professionalizing a role that sits at the base of every surgical service.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 38, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 54, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate and maintain steam autoclaves", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Clean instruments to prepare them for sterilization", "exposure": 24, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Organize and assemble surgical instrument trays", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Examine equipment to detect leaks and disrepair", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Sterilization technique", "Instrument tray technique", "Infection control", "Inventory documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Tracking systems log every cycle", "Tray assembly stays manual" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Sterile Processing Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead processing teams", "Own cycle-compliance records", "Coordinate with OR schedulers" ] }, { "title": "Surgical Technologist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Complete a surgical-tech program", "Earn CST certification", "Move into the operating room" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/medical-equipment-preparers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/medical-equipment-preparers.json" } }, { "slug": "correctional-supervisors", "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Correctional Officers", "soc": "33-1011", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$77,970", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 53380, "blsSoc": "33-1011" }, "employment": "Custody supervision above the correctional-officer role", "education": "Promotion from officer ranks; academy training", "summary": "Correctional supervisors direct officers, maintain institutional security, and respond to emergencies including escapes. Surveillance analytics and electronic counts streamline monitoring, but custody decisions, use-of-force review, and emergency command inside a facility are supervisory judgment with legal weight.", "caveat": "Distinct from line officers: supervisors absorb the administrative tooling — counts, reports, schedules — while carrying accountability for how the shift runs. Chronic understaffing keeps demand high regardless of technology.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Supervise and direct the work of correctional officers", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Take, receive, or check periodic inmate counts", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Respond to emergencies such as escapes", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Supervise searches of inmates and quarters", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 38, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Custody supervision", "Institutional security", "Emergency response", "Incident documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Analytics assist counts and monitoring", "Emergency command stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Correctional Lieutenant or Captain", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Pass promotional processes", "Command housing units", "Own use-of-force review" ] }, { "title": "Facility Compliance Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Audit policy compliance", "Lead accreditation prep", "Manage grievance systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/correctional-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/correctional-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "security-supervisors", "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Security Workers", "soc": "33-1091", "category": "Public Sector", "categorySlug": "public-sector", "majorGroup": "Protective Service", "medianWage": "$55,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 81480, "blsSoc": "33-1091" }, "employment": "Guard-force supervision as camera analytics compress headcount", "education": "Security experience plus supervisory training", "summary": "Security supervisors schedule guards, investigate disturbances, and monitor officer performance. Camera analytics and remote-monitoring centers now cover more ground with fewer posts, which concentrates the remaining workforce into supervised teams handling verified incidents — and raises the supervisor's span of responsibility.", "caveat": "The trend is fewer guards per site, more technology per guard: supervisors become the human layer over the monitoring stack. Incident investigation, client relationships, and officer conduct remain supervisory duties.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Investigate disturbances, alarms, and suspicious activity", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Monitor and authorize entry of employees and visitors", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Monitor security employee behavior and performance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Write reports documenting patrol observations", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Security supervision", "Incident investigation", "Access control", "Report writing" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Remote monitoring covers more posts", "Verified-incident response stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Security Operations Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own multi-site operations", "Manage monitoring-center integration", "Lead client accounts" ] }, { "title": "Corporate Security Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add risk-assessment skills", "Earn CPP certification", "Serve enterprise security teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/security-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/security-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "private-chefs", "title": "Cooks, Private Household", "soc": "35-2013", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Food Preparation and Serving Related", "medianWage": "$47,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1100, "blsSoc": "35-2013" }, "employment": "In-home cooking as a luxury service niche", "education": "Culinary training plus household experience", "summary": "Private household cooks plan menus, shop, and prepare every meal for a family in their home. Recipe AI and meal-planning apps handle inspiration and logistics, but the job is personal: cooking to one family's tastes, dietary needs, and schedule inside their kitchen.", "caveat": "Distinct from restaurant chefs: there is no ticket line to automate, just a household relationship. Demand concentrates in high-net-worth staffing, where discretion and customization are the product and technology is invisible.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Prepare meals in private homes to employer tastes", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Plan menus around needs and diet restrictions", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 52, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Shop for or order food and kitchen supplies", "exposure": 40, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 46, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Package, label, and freeze foods with reheating instructions", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Menu planning", "Household cooking", "Dietary planning", "Kitchen management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Apps plan meals, families hire people", "Discretion is part of the product" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Estate Kitchen Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Manage household staff", "Own event catering", "Handle vendor relationships" ] }, { "title": "Private Catering Chef", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build an event clientele", "Scale menu production", "Market through referrals" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/private-chefs/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/private-chefs.json" } }, { "slug": "housekeeping-supervisors", "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Housekeeping Workers", "soc": "37-1011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance", "medianWage": "$49,100", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 178760, "blsSoc": "37-1011" }, "employment": "The near-move target for housekeeping and janitorial staff", "education": "Work experience in housekeeping or janitorial services", "summary": "Housekeeping supervisors inspect rooms, schedule crews, and set cleaning standards for hotels and facilities. Task-management apps now assign and track room status automatically, but quality inspection, guest-issue recovery, and crew leadership happen on the floor.", "caveat": "This is the natural next step for housekeepers and janitors as scheduling software absorbs the paperwork of supervision. What remains is the walk-through: verifying standards room by room and managing a high-turnover workforce.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect work performed to ensure it meets standards", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Plan and prepare employee work schedules", "exposure": 52, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Advise managers of rooms ready for occupancy", "exposure": 40, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Establish operational standards and procedures", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Quality inspection", "Crew scheduling", "Cleaning standards", "Guest service recovery" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Apps assign and track room status", "Standards are verified on foot" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Director of Housekeeping", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 70, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own department P&L basics", "Lead multi-shift teams", "Manage brand-standard audits" ] }, { "title": "Facilities Operations Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Broaden into maintenance oversight", "Manage vendor contracts", "Track work-order systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/housekeeping-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/housekeeping-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "landscaping-supervisors", "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Landscaping Workers", "soc": "37-1012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Building and Grounds Cleaning and Maintenance", "medianWage": "$58,430", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 130760, "blsSoc": "37-1012" }, "employment": "The near-move target for landscaping and grounds crews", "education": "Work experience in landscaping or groundskeeping", "summary": "Landscaping supervisors schedule crews, inspect grounds, and direct planting and maintenance work. Route-optimization and job-tracking software streamline dispatch, but crew leadership, client walkthroughs, and judgment about plants and soil stay on site.", "caveat": "This is the advancement path for landscaping workers as software absorbs route planning. Supervisors who master both the horticulture and the scheduling stack run larger, more profitable crews.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 64, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Schedule work for crews by priorities and weather", "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Tour grounds to inspect conditions of plants and soil", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Direct workers performing landscaping duties", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect completed work for contract conformance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Crew leadership", "Route scheduling", "Horticultural judgment", "Contract inspection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Software optimizes routes and dispatch", "Plant and soil judgment stays on site" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Branch Manager, Landscape Services", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own client portfolios", "Lead estimating and bids", "Manage multiple crews" ] }, { "title": "Grounds Manager", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add horticulture credentials", "Own campus or estate grounds", "Manage capital projects" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/landscaping-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/landscaping-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "sportsbook-writers", "title": "Gambling and Sports Book Writers and Runners", "soc": "39-3012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$34,980", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8950, "blsSoc": "39-3012" }, "employment": "Sportsbook counter role as betting moved to phones", "education": "High school plus gaming training", "summary": "Gambling and sports book writers take bets, verify amounts, and pay winnings at the counter. Legal mobile sportsbooks moved the volume to apps — the concrete, measurable displacement in this occupation — leaving counter work concentrated in casino sportsbooks serving guests who want the in-person experience.", "caveat": "The honest read is high pressure: app-based betting grows every year and self-service kiosks handle most remaining counter volume. What persists is premium in-person service and event-driven rushes where a staffed window still moves money faster.", "scores": { "exposure": 56, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 54, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Collect bets and verify and record amounts", "exposure": 56, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 44, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Compute and verify amounts won or lost", "exposure": 58, "automation": 35, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Answer questions about game rules and policies", "exposure": 38, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Pay out winnings or refer patrons to cashiers", "exposure": 50, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 42, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Transaction processing", "Payout verification", "Gaming compliance", "Customer service" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Mobile sportsbooks took the volume", "In-person service is the remnant" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Sportsbook Shift Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead counter teams", "Own kiosk exception queues", "Manage event staffing" ] }, { "title": "Gaming Cage Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Cross-train on cage operations", "Own reconciliation", "Handle compliance reporting" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/sportsbook-writers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/sportsbook-writers.json" } }, { "slug": "projectionists", "title": "Motion Picture Projectionists", "soc": "39-3021", "category": "Media and Communications", "categorySlug": "media-communications", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$38,270", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1480, "blsSoc": "39-3021" }, "employment": "The classic documented-decline occupation", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Motion picture projectionists run and maintain theater projection equipment. This is the canonical displacement story: digital projection ended film threading, and automated booth systems now run multiplexes unattended — employment collapsed over two decades, long before generative AI.", "caveat": "The honest reading is very high pressure in a role that already shrank: remaining jobs are in repertory theaters, archives, and film-format specialty venues where 35mm or 70mm presentation is itself the attraction. Treat current employment as a bridge.", "scores": { "exposure": 58, "automation": 35, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 66, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 62 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor operations for sound and image quality", "exposure": 44, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Perform maintenance such as replacing bulbs and cleaning projectors", "exposure": 32, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Set up and adjust projectors and screens", "exposure": 34, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect projection equipment prior to operation", "exposure": 36, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" } ], "skills": [ "Projection equipment", "Film handling technique", "Quality monitoring", "Booth maintenance" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Digital projection ended the craft", "Specialty film venues are the remnant" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "AV Event Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move into live-event AV", "Learn digital cinema servers", "Serve corporate and venue clients" ] }, { "title": "Theater Technical Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own venue technical systems", "Manage equipment maintenance", "Lead presentation quality" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/projectionists/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/projectionists.json" } }, { "slug": "crematory-operators", "title": "Crematory Operators", "soc": "39-4012", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$43,650", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2970, "blsSoc": "39-4012" }, "employment": "Deathcare operations role riding the cremation trend", "education": "High school plus crematory certification and licensure", "summary": "Crematory operators run cremation equipment, process remains, and maintain chain-of-custody documentation. The demand driver is secular, not technological: cremation rates have climbed past burial for years. Equipment is modern but the work — handling remains with dignity and precision — is licensed and human.", "caveat": "Distinct from embalmers and funeral directors: this is the operations end of deathcare, and it grows as cremation share rises. Misidentification is the industry's unforgivable error, so documentation and custody procedures keep a licensed operator accountable.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Place remains into crematory machines for processing", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Document divided remains to prevent misplacement", "exposure": 38, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Pulverize bone fragments using specialized equipment", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Explain the cremation process to families", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Crematory operations", "Chain-of-custody documentation", "Remains handling", "Family communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Cremation rates drive demand", "Custody accountability is licensed" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Funeral Home Operations Manager", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add funeral-service licensure", "Manage arrangement conferences", "Own facility operations" ] }, { "title": "Crematory Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead multi-unit operations", "Own compliance programs", "Serve funeral-home clients" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/crematory-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/crematory-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "baggage-porters-bellhops", "title": "Baggage Porters and Bellhops", "soc": "39-6011", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Personal Care and Service", "medianWage": "$37,080", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 28510, "blsSoc": "39-6011" }, "employment": "Hotel guest service with luggage-robot pilots at the edges", "education": "No formal credential required", "summary": "Baggage porters and bellhops move luggage, escort guests, and explain room features. Luggage-cart robots exist as pilots at a few properties, but the role is hospitality theater: the greeting, the local knowledge, and the physical handling of bags through a busy lobby.", "caveat": "Automation touches the transport, not the welcome: hotels keep bell staff because arrival experience drives reviews and tips. The durable skill is guest interaction layered on physical work.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 64, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Transfer luggage to and from rooms and vehicles", "exposure": 20, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Greet guests and escort them to their rooms", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Supply guests with directions and travel information", "exposure": 40, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Explain the operation of room features", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Guest service", "Luggage handling", "Local area knowledge", "Hotel communication" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Robot carts are pilots, not practice", "Arrival experience drives hotel reviews" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Front Office Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Cross-train at the front desk", "Lead guest-services teams", "Own arrival-experience metrics" ] }, { "title": "Concierge", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build local vendor networks", "Master reservation systems", "Serve premium guests" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/baggage-porters-bellhops/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/baggage-porters-bellhops.json" } }, { "slug": "parts-salespersons", "title": "Parts Salespersons", "soc": "41-2022", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$38,630", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 270070, "blsSoc": "41-2022" }, "employment": "Parts-counter expertise against e-commerce lookup", "education": "High school plus product knowledge", "summary": "Parts salespersons look up, locate, and sell replacement parts for vehicles, machinery, and equipment. Online catalogs with VIN-based lookup took the simple transactions, but the counter survives on the hard ones: superseded part numbers, fitment judgment, and the mechanic who needs it right now.", "caveat": "E-commerce compresses routine parts retail; the remaining counter value is expertise under time pressure — identifying the right part when the catalog is ambiguous and the customer's equipment is down.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 60, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Read catalogs and displays to determine part numbers", "exposure": 56, "automation": 33, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Fill customer orders from stock and place orders", "exposure": 48, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Assist customers with complaints and back orders", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Locate and label parts and maintain inventory", "exposure": 38, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Parts research", "Fitment expertise", "Inventory handling", "Customer service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "VIN lookup handles the easy sales", "Fitment judgment keeps the counter" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Parts Department Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own inventory turns", "Lead counter teams", "Manage wholesale accounts" ] }, { "title": "Fleet Parts Coordinator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Serve fleet maintenance programs", "Manage vendor pricing", "Automate reorder points" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/parts-salespersons/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/parts-salespersons.json" } }, { "slug": "door-to-door-sales", "title": "Door-to-Door Sales Workers and Street Vendors", "soc": "41-9091", "category": "Retail and Service", "categorySlug": "retail-service", "majorGroup": "Sales and Related", "medianWage": "$41,380", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2760, "blsSoc": "41-9091" }, "employment": "A sales channel digital marketing already displaced", "education": "No formal credential required", "summary": "Door-to-door sales workers and street vendors demonstrate products, take orders, and deliver merchandise in person. E-commerce, targeted advertising, and lead-generation platforms displaced most of this channel years ago — a documented decline that digital marketing, not AI, drove.", "caveat": "The honest reading is high pressure: the surviving work concentrates in home-services canvassing, where a knock still opens roofs and solar deals, and in street vending where presence is the business model. Both are shrinking niches.", "scores": { "exposure": 60, "automation": 35, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 62, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 68, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "high", "riskLabel": "High", "tasks": [ { "label": "Explain products and demonstrate their use", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Develop prospect lists", "exposure": 58, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 52, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Deliver merchandise and collect payment", "exposure": 44, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Write and record orders for merchandise", "exposure": 54, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Direct selling", "Prospecting", "Product presentation", "Order documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "High displacement pressure", "Digital ads displaced the channel", "Home-services canvassing persists" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Field Sales Representative", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move to appointment-based selling", "Master CRM pipelines", "Serve assigned territories" ] }, { "title": "Inside Sales Representative", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Shift to phone and video selling", "Run outbound sequences", "Own a revenue quota" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/door-to-door-sales/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/door-to-door-sales.json" } }, { "slug": "agricultural-inspectors", "title": "Agricultural Inspectors", "soc": "45-2011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Farming, Fishing, and Forestry", "medianWage": "$49,940", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 14410, "blsSoc": "45-2011" }, "employment": "Food-safety inspection with sensor-data assists", "education": "High school plus inspection training; some roles require degrees", "summary": "Agricultural inspectors examine food products and processing procedures for safety and grade compliance. Sensor systems and imaging now screen products continuously on the line, flagging suspects — but regulatory inspection, enforcement decisions, and explaining standards to producers remain delegated human authority.", "caveat": "Line imaging handles first-pass sorting at volume; inspectors handle the legal layer: what passes, what gets condemned, and what gets written up. Federal and state programs anchor employment.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect food products and procedures for safety", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Interpret and enforce government regulations", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 54, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Explain required standards to agricultural workers", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Document inspection findings and violations", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 58, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Food safety inspection", "Regulatory enforcement", "Standards communication", "Inspection documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Imaging screens the line, inspectors enforce", "Regulatory authority is delegated to people" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Consumer Safety Officer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add federal inspection credentials", "Lead facility reviews", "Own enforcement cases" ] }, { "title": "Quality Assurance Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead plant QA programs", "Manage vision-system data", "Own audit readiness" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/agricultural-inspectors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/agricultural-inspectors.json" } }, { "slug": "animal-breeders", "title": "Animal Breeders", "soc": "45-2021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Farming, Fishing, and Forestry", "medianWage": "$51,130", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1330, "blsSoc": "45-2021" }, "employment": "Breeding operations with genomic-selection tooling", "education": "High school plus animal-handling experience", "summary": "Animal breeders select mating pairs, manage births, and maintain herd health. Genomic testing now ranks animals by expected traits before they mature, transforming selection — but heat detection, birthing assistance, and daily animal care are physical work with living animals.", "caveat": "Genomics changed the selection science, not the husbandry: someone still detects estrus, assists difficult births, and keeps animals healthy. The breeders who adopt genetic tools produce measurably better stock.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Select animals and specimens for desired offspring traits", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Observe animals in heat and manage breeding timing", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Treat minor injuries and contact veterinarians", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Feed, water, and maintain pens and yards", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Breeding program planning", "Livestock handling", "Health observation", "Record keeping" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Genomics ranks stock, people raise it", "Husbandry stays physical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Herd Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own breeding programs", "Manage herd health protocols", "Lead farm staff" ] }, { "title": "Livestock Genetics Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master genomic evaluation tools", "Serve breeding clients", "Analyze progeny data" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/animal-breeders/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/animal-breeders.json" } }, { "slug": "agricultural-equipment-operators", "title": "Agricultural Equipment Operators", "soc": "45-2091", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Farming, Fishing, and Forestry", "medianWage": "$41,730", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 28500, "blsSoc": "45-2091" }, "employment": "The farm role autonomous tractors target first", "education": "High school plus equipment experience", "summary": "Agricultural equipment operators drive the tractors, combines, and sprayers that plant and harvest crops. Autosteer and now driverless-capable machinery automate the driving itself — the core of this role — making it the most autonomy-exposed job in agriculture, with implement setup, field-edge judgment, and breakdown response as the remnant.", "caveat": "Distinct from farmworkers generally: operators sit in the machine the autonomy replaces. The honest read is moderate-to-high pressure on row-crop operations, while specialty crops, rough terrain, and custom-harvest work still need a driver who can also fix the machine.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate tractors, combines, and irrigation equipment", "exposure": 44, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Observe and listen to machinery to detect malfunctions", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Adjust, repair, and service farm machinery", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Load and unload crops and materials", "exposure": 20, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Equipment operation", "Machine troubleshooting", "Field maintenance", "Crop handling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Driverless-capable machinery is shipping", "Breakdowns and field edges need a driver" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Precision Ag Equipment Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master autosteer and telemetry systems", "Service guidance hardware", "Train farm operators" ] }, { "title": "Farm Operations Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead equipment crews", "Plan field logistics", "Own maintenance schedules" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/agricultural-equipment-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/agricultural-equipment-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "commercial-fishers", "title": "Fishing and Hunting Workers", "soc": "45-3031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Farming, Fishing, and Forestry", "medianWage": "$40,800", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Commercial fishing — physical, dangerous, and quota-driven", "education": "No formal credential; licensing and safety training required", "summary": "Fishing and hunting workers catch fish and trap game using vessels, nets, and traps. Sonar and fish-finding electronics improve location, but hauling nets in weather, maintaining gear at sea, and reading conditions are physical work — and quota management, not automation, determines how much fishing happens.", "caveat": "The occupation's risks and limits are regulatory and environmental: catch shares and stock assessments set the economics. Technology assists navigation and finding; it does not haul the net.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 58, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Remove catches from equipment and measure for compliance", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Steer vessels and operate navigational instruments", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Interpret weather and vessel conditions for response", "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Maintain engines, gear, and on-board equipment", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Vessel operations", "Gear handling", "Weather judgment", "Catch compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Quotas, not automation, set the economics", "Deck work stays dangerous and human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fishing Vessel Captain", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Accumulate sea time", "Earn captain licensing", "Own vessel operations" ] }, { "title": "Mariculture Operations Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Move into aquaculture", "Manage farmed-stock cycles", "Run feeding and health systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/commercial-fishers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/commercial-fishers.json" } }, { "slug": "fallers", "title": "Fallers", "soc": "45-4021", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Farming, Fishing, and Forestry", "medianWage": "$52,100", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 3130, "blsSoc": "45-4021" }, "employment": "Chainsaw felling where the sawyer owns the danger", "education": "High school plus extensive on-the-job training", "summary": "Fallers cut trees with chainsaws, controlling the direction of fall on terrain too steep or valuable for machines. Mechanized harvesters took the flat, easy ground decades ago — what remains for fallers is exactly the work machines cannot safely do, which is why the occupation persists alongside them.", "caveat": "Mechanization already transformed logging: modern fallers work steep slopes, oversized timber, and selective cuts where a harvester cannot go. The safety judgment — reading lean, rot, and escape routes — is the job.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 18, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Appraise trees for lean, rot, and fall direction", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Saw back-cuts to control direction of fall", "exposure": 14, "automation": 4, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Measure felled trees and cut to log lengths", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Clear brush and escape routes from work areas", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 26, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Chainsaw technique", "Tree assessment", "Felling precision", "Safety planning" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Harvesters took the flat ground already", "Steep and selective cuts stay manual" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Logging Crew Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead felling crews", "Own site safety plans", "Coordinate with equipment operators" ] }, { "title": "Arborist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn ISA certification", "Learn climbing and rigging", "Serve urban tree work" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/fallers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/fallers.json" } }, { "slug": "logging-equipment-operators", "title": "Logging Equipment Operators", "soc": "45-4022", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Farming, Fishing, and Forestry", "medianWage": "$49,740", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 21060, "blsSoc": "45-4022" }, "employment": "Mechanized harvesting — the technology that already arrived", "education": "High school plus equipment training", "summary": "Logging equipment operators drive harvesters, skidders, and loaders that fell, process, and move timber. This is forestry's automation story already in place: one operator in a harvester replaces a hand-felling crew, with machine productivity tracked by on-board computers.", "caveat": "Further automation runs through better machines, not operatorless ones: terrain, log grading, and machine maintenance keep a skilled operator in the cab. The displaced role was the faller on gentle ground, a transition largely complete.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Control hydraulic equipment to lift and bunch trees", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Grade logs according to characteristics and standards", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Drive tractors to skid and transport logs", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect equipment for safety and perform maintenance", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Harvester equipment operation", "Log grading", "Equipment maintenance", "Terrain judgment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Mechanization already happened here", "Cabs still need skilled operators" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Logging Operations Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead equipment crews", "Plan harvest logistics", "Own production reporting" ] }, { "title": "Heavy Equipment Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add diesel and hydraulic repair", "Earn manufacturer certifications", "Serve equipment dealers" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/logging-equipment-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/logging-equipment-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "stonemasons", "title": "Stonemasons", "soc": "47-2022", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$57,390", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 7820, "blsSoc": "47-2022" }, "employment": "Natural-stone craft with restoration demand", "education": "High school plus apprenticeship", "summary": "Stonemasons cut, set, and finish natural stone for buildings, monuments, and restoration work. CNC saws shape stone in fabrication shops, but setting irregular stone on a real wall — matching grain, bedding each piece, finishing joints by trowel — is craft judgment.", "caveat": "Restoration is the premium niche: matching historic stonework on aging buildings takes skills that take years to build. Shop cutting automates; site setting does not.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Set stone or marble according to layout or pattern", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Shape, trim, and cut stone using saws and hand tools", "exposure": 20, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Lay out wall patterns or foundations", "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Fill and finish joints between stones", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Stone masonry technique", "Masonry craftsmanship", "Layout measurement", "Mortar technique" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Shop CNC cuts, masons set", "Restoration demand is growing" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Stone Restoration Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Learn historic mortar analysis", "Serve preservation projects", "Build a restoration portfolio" ] }, { "title": "Masonry Contractor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn contractor licensing", "Bid stone projects", "Build a crew" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/stonemasons/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/stonemasons.json" } }, { "slug": "floor-layers", "title": "Floor Layers, Except Carpet, Wood, and Hard Tiles", "soc": "47-2042", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$56,460", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 23640, "blsSoc": "47-2042" }, "employment": "Resilient-flooring trade in irregular real rooms", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training or apprenticeship", "summary": "Floor layers install resilient sheet and tile flooring over prepared subfloors. Measurement and layout software calculate cuts, but subfloor correction, cutting around the obstacles every real room contains, and forming tight seams stay hands-on.", "caveat": "Commercial renovation drives demand: healthcare and education buildings run on resilient flooring. The trade's skill is surface preparation — the invisible half of the job that determines whether the floor lasts.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Sweep, scrape, and correct base surface imperfections", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Cut flooring material to fit around obstructions", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect surfaces to ensure they are firm and dry", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Measure and mark guidelines on surfaces", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Subfloor preparation technique", "Precision cutting", "Layout measurement", "Seam technique" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Software calculates cuts, layers fit rooms", "Commercial renovation drives demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Flooring Contractor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn contractor licensing", "Bid commercial projects", "Build an install crew" ] }, { "title": "Flooring Estimator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master takeoff software", "Quote commercial jobs", "Coordinate install schedules" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/floor-layers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/floor-layers.json" } }, { "slug": "paving-equipment-operators", "title": "Paving and Surfacing Equipment Operators", "soc": "47-2071", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$53,340", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 41820, "blsSoc": "47-2071" }, "employment": "Road-paving machinery with operator judgment on the screed", "education": "High school plus equipment training", "summary": "Paving and surfacing equipment operators run the machines that lay asphalt and concrete for roads. Machine-control systems now manage grade and slope automatically, but observing material flow, coordinating truck dumping, and adjusting for conditions on a live paving train stay with the crew.", "caveat": "Grade automation made paving more consistent; it did not remove the operators who manage the material and the machine. Infrastructure funding cycles drive demand more than technology does.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 38, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Control paving machines and maintain material flow", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Observe distribution and adjust machine settings", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Coordinate truck dumping into hoppers", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Inspect, clean, and maintain equipment", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Paving machine operation", "Material flow judgment", "Crew coordination", "Equipment maintenance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Machine control manages grade, not the pour", "Infrastructure funding drives demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Paving Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead paving crews", "Own mat quality", "Coordinate plant and trucking" ] }, { "title": "Construction Equipment Trainer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Train new operators", "Certify crew competency", "Serve contractor fleets" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/paving-equipment-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/paving-equipment-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "paperhangers", "title": "Paperhangers", "soc": "47-2142", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$52,140", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1570, "blsSoc": "47-2142" }, "employment": "Wallcovering craft riding a design-trend revival", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Paperhangers measure, cut, and hang wallpaper and fabric wallcoverings, matching patterns and smoothing seams by hand. The trade is small but revived: designer wallpaper is back in residential and hospitality work, and every installation is handwork on a real wall.", "caveat": "No automation path exists for hanging paper around light switches and crooked corners. Demand follows interior-design cycles; installers with commercial vinyl experience serve the steadier contract market.", "scores": { "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 57 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Cover interior walls with wallpaper or fabric", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Smooth strips to remove wrinkles and bubbles", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check finished wallcoverings for alignment and pattern match", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Mark vertical guidelines using plumb bobs and chalk lines", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 42, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Wallcovering technique", "Pattern alignment precision", "Surface preparation technique", "Precision measurement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Design revival drives wallpaper demand", "Every wall is handwork" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Painting and Decorating Contractor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Add painting scope", "Earn contractor licensing", "Bid residential projects" ] }, { "title": "Commercial Wallcovering Installer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master contract vinyl systems", "Serve hospitality renovations", "Lead install crews" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/paperhangers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/paperhangers.json" } }, { "slug": "plasterers-stucco-masons", "title": "Plasterers and Stucco Masons", "soc": "47-2161", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$57,660", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 19310, "blsSoc": "47-2161" }, "employment": "Trowel-finish trade on varied surfaces", "education": "High school plus apprenticeship", "summary": "Plasterers and stucco masons apply coats of plaster and stucco to walls and ceilings, mixing materials and finishing by trowel and spray. Spray equipment speeds application, but the finish — texture, flatness, curing judgment — comes off the trowel in real conditions.", "caveat": "The trade persists because surfaces vary: every substrate, weather day, and repair job differs. Skilled finishers for restoration and high-end work command premiums that volume spraying does not touch.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Apply coats of plaster or stucco to surfaces", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Mix mortar and plaster to desired consistency", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Apply weatherproof and decorative exterior coverings", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Determine materials needed and place orders", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Trowel technique", "Plaster application technique", "Finish judgment", "Material estimating" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Sprayers speed application, trowels finish", "Restoration work pays premiums" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Plastering Contractor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn contractor licensing", "Bid stucco and EIFS work", "Build a crew" ] }, { "title": "EIFS and Restoration Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master exterior systems", "Learn moisture diagnostics", "Serve restoration projects" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/plasterers-stucco-masons/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/plasterers-stucco-masons.json" } }, { "slug": "rail-track-equipment-operators", "title": "Rail-Track Laying and Maintenance Equipment Operators", "soc": "47-4061", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$70,070", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 19580, "blsSoc": "47-4061" }, "employment": "Track maintenance machinery across the rail network", "education": "High school plus railroad training", "summary": "Rail-track equipment operators run the tampers, spike drivers, and rail saws that build and maintain track. Geometry cars now measure track conditions automatically and flag defects, directing maintenance — but the repair crews and their machines still go out and fix what the sensors find.", "caveat": "Measurement automation made maintenance more targeted: operators run the machines that correct what geometry cars detect. Freight and passenger network investment keeps this trade employed.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Patrol track sections to locate and report damage", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Operate spike-driving machines to secure rails", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Weld sections of track together", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Observe leveling indicators to verify track alignment", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Track equipment operation", "Rail welding", "Alignment verification", "Track inspection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Geometry cars find, crews fix", "Network investment sustains demand" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Track Maintenance Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead maintenance gangs", "Own territory inspection schedules", "Coordinate work windows" ] }, { "title": "Railroad Welder Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn thermite welding certification", "Serve contract rail projects", "Master switch repair" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/rail-track-equipment-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/rail-track-equipment-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "rotary-drill-operators", "title": "Rotary Drill Operators, Oil and Gas", "soc": "47-5012", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$67,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12600, "blsSoc": "47-5012" }, "employment": "Rig-floor role as drilling automation consolidates crews", "education": "High school plus extensive rig experience", "summary": "Rotary drill operators control the draw works and drilling machinery on oil and gas rigs. Automated drilling systems and remote operations centers now optimize drilling parameters in real time, reducing crew sizes on new pads — while rig-floor equipment handling and well-control response stay physical.", "caveat": "The honest read is moderate pressure with a cyclical floor: automation cuts crew count per rig, but drilling activity itself swings with commodity prices. Operators who master automated rigs are the ones still employed on them.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 36, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Control draw works to raise and lower drill pipe", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Observe gauges and control drilling speed and pressure", "exposure": 34, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Connect drill pipe sections using tools and tongs", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain records of footage drilled and strata penetrated", "exposure": 50, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Drilling operations", "Pressure monitoring", "Pipe handling", "Drilling documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Automated rigs cut crew sizes", "Well-control response stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Rig Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 134, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Lead rig crews", "Own safety performance", "Manage contractor relationships" ] }, { "title": "Directional Drilling Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Master MWD and steering tools", "Run remote operations", "Serve complex wells" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/rotary-drill-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/rotary-drill-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "mining-machine-operators", "title": "Continuous Mining Machine Operators", "soc": "47-5041", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$61,810", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 14000, "blsSoc": "47-5041" }, "employment": "Underground extraction with remote-operation frontier", "education": "High school plus mine training and certification", "summary": "Continuous mining machine operators run the machines that cut coal and ore from the working face. Remote operation lets some machines run with the operator back from the face — a safety gain that also changes the job — while roof checks, methane testing, and machine repositioning keep miners underground.", "caveat": "Underground automation prioritizes removing people from the face, not from the mine: ventilation, ground control, and maintenance need people on every shift. Commodity demand and mine consolidation shape employment more than autonomy does.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 42, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate mining machines to gather coal", "exposure": 26, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Check stability of roof and rib support systems", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Conduct methane gas checks for air quality", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Reposition machines to make additional cuts", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Mining machine operation", "Roof control checks", "Gas testing", "Ventilation safety" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Remote operation moves operators from the face", "Ground and gas checks stay human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Mine Shift Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn foreman certification", "Lead production sections", "Own safety compliance" ] }, { "title": "Remote Operations Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master tele-remote systems", "Monitor fleet telemetry", "Support face automation" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mining-machine-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mining-machine-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "roustabouts", "title": "Roustabouts, Oil and Gas", "soc": "47-5071", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Construction and Extraction", "medianWage": "$46,960", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 44970, "blsSoc": "47-5071" }, "employment": "Entry-level oilfield labor with the automation frontier above it", "education": "No formal credential; safety training required", "summary": "Roustabouts do the manual work of the oilfield: connecting pipe, repairing equipment, walking flow lines for leaks, and guiding crane loads. It is the entry point to the industry — the rung before derrickhand and driller — and leak-detection sensors now assist the inspection part of the day.", "caveat": "The automation pressure lands on the roles above the roustabout first; entry-level labor persists because rigs always need hands. The career question is whether the shrinking crew ladder still leads somewhere — and for now it does.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Unscrew and tighten pipes using wrenches and tongs", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Walk flow lines to locate and repair leaks", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Dismantle and repair oil field machinery", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Guide cranes to move loads about decks", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Pipe handling", "Leak detection", "Equipment repair", "Rig safety" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Sensors assist leak detection", "Entry-level rung to the drilling crew" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Derrickhand and Driller Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 148, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Advance through rig positions", "Earn well-control certification", "Master rig systems" ] }, { "title": "Production Lease Operator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Move to production operations", "Run well routes", "Manage SCADA-monitored sites" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/roustabouts/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/roustabouts.json" } }, { "slug": "mechanic-supervisors", "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Mechanics and Repairers", "soc": "49-1011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$79,860", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 617500, "blsSoc": "49-1011" }, "employment": "The near-move target for mechanics and installers", "education": "Extensive mechanic or installer experience", "summary": "Mechanic supervisors direct repair crews, inspect completed work, compute estimates, and manage shop inventories. Fleet-management software and predictive-maintenance alerts now schedule much of the work — supervisors interpret the alerts, verify the repairs, and answer for quality.", "caveat": "This is the advancement path as diagnostic software compresses troubleshooting time: the supervisor's job shifts toward workflow management and quality verification of repairs the software only suspects.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 66, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect, test, and measure completed work for conformance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Compute estimates and actual costs of repairs", "exposure": 50, "automation": 27, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Monitor work levels and review performance", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Monitor tool and part inventories and shop condition", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 48, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Repair quality verification", "Cost estimating", "Crew supervision", "Shop inventory management" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Predictive alerts schedule, supervisors verify", "Quality accountability stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Service Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Own shop P&L basics", "Lead technician teams", "Manage customer approvals" ] }, { "title": "Fleet Maintenance Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run fleet PM programs", "Master telematics platforms", "Manage vendor repairs" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/mechanic-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/mechanic-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "telecom-equipment-installers", "title": "Telecommunications Equipment Installers", "soc": "49-2022", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$63,890", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 140920, "blsSoc": "49-2022" }, "employment": "Inside-plant and premises installs as networks virtualize", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or associate degree common", "summary": "Telecommunications equipment installers set up and repair the switching, routing, and premises equipment that carries calls and data. Network functions are virtualizing into software, shrinking central-office hardware — while fiber-to-the-premises installs, business systems, and troubleshooting physical plant stay hands-on.", "caveat": "Distinct from line installers: this is the equipment end, and virtualization is the honest headwind. The counterweight is the fiber build-out and edge installations that still require a technician on site with test gear.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 30, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Test circuits and components to isolate malfunctions", "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Assemble and install communication equipment and networks", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Test repaired or updated equipment against specifications", "exposure": 38, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Demonstrate equipment to customers and explain its use", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Network equipment installation", "Circuit testing", "Fault diagnostics", "Customer instruction" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Virtualization shrinks central-office hardware", "Fiber build-out keeps field work" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fiber Installation Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master fiber splicing and testing", "Lead install crews", "Serve carrier build-outs" ] }, { "title": "Network Operations Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Move into NOC work", "Learn network monitoring", "Support virtualized systems" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/telecom-equipment-installers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/telecom-equipment-installers.json" } }, { "slug": "av-technicians", "title": "Audiovisual Equipment Installers and Repairers", "soc": "49-2097", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$52,600", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 19780, "blsSoc": "49-2097" }, "employment": "Install-and-repair AV work, distinct from production AV", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "Audiovisual equipment installers mount, wire, calibrate, and repair the AV systems in homes, offices, and venues. Remote-monitoring platforms now diagnose connected systems before a truck rolls, but pulling cable, mounting displays, and calibrating rooms are physical installation work.", "caveat": "Distinct from production-side audio and video technicians: this role builds and maintains the systems rather than operating them. Corporate hybrid-work buildouts and home automation keep installation demand strong.", "scores": { "exposure": 38, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install, service, and repair electronic AV equipment", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Calibrate and test equipment and locate faults", "exposure": 36, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Position and mount speakers and wire to consoles", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Read and interpret circuit diagrams and manuals", "exposure": 44, "automation": 21, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "AV systems integration", "Calibration and testing", "Structured wiring", "Reading schematics" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Remote diagnostics triage before the truck rolls", "Mounting and wiring stay physical" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "AV Project Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead installation projects", "Own system design coordination", "Manage client expectations" ] }, { "title": "Control Systems Programmer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Learn Crestron or Extron programming", "Earn CTS certification", "Serve enterprise clients" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/av-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/av-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "bicycle-repairers", "title": "Bicycle Repairers", "soc": "49-3091", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$42,780", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 12170, "blsSoc": "49-3091" }, "employment": "Hands-on bike shop work with an e-bike upgrade", "education": "High school plus shop experience", "summary": "Bicycle repairers assemble, tune, and repair bikes, and help customers find the right fit. E-bikes added electronic diagnostics to the mechanical craft, but wheel truing, brake bleeding, and fit judgment happen at the bench with the bike and the rider present.", "caveat": "E-bike growth is the trade's tailwind: more expensive bikes mean more service revenue, and the electronic systems add diagnostic work rather than remove it. Shop labor remains scarce in every cycling market.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install and adjust brakes and brake pads", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Help customers select bicycles that fit", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Assemble new bicycles", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Align wheels", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Bicycle repair", "E-bike diagnostics", "Customer fitting", "Wheel truing technique" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "E-bikes add diagnostic work", "Bench repair stays hands-on" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Head Mechanic or Shop Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead the service department", "Own e-bike certifications", "Manage parts inventory" ] }, { "title": "Mobile Bicycle Service Operator", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Run van-based repair routes", "Serve fleet and event clients", "Build a booking channel" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/bicycle-repairers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/bicycle-repairers.json" } }, { "slug": "rv-technicians", "title": "Recreational Vehicle Service Technicians", "soc": "49-3092", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$52,000", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 17430, "blsSoc": "49-3092" }, "employment": "Multi-system repair for rolling houses", "education": "High school plus RV technical training", "summary": "RV service technicians diagnose and repair the plumbing, propane, electrical, and climate systems packed into a motorhome. Diagnostic tools read fault codes, but an RV is a house on a truck frame: water intrusion, propane leaks, and slide-out mechanisms fail in ways that need a technician inside the rig.", "caveat": "The RV ownership boom outran technician supply, and warranty work backs up for weeks at dealers. Multi-system skill — part plumber, part electrician, part carpenter — is exactly what automation does not bundle.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 16, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Inspect recreational vehicles to diagnose problems", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Repair plumbing or propane gas lines", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Diagnose and repair furnace or air conditioning systems", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Locate and repair frayed wiring and broken connections", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Multi-system diagnostics", "Propane and plumbing repair", "Electrical troubleshooting", "Customer service" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Dealer backlogs show technician scarcity", "Multi-system skill resists bundling" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "RV Master Certified Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn RVTI master certification", "Lead complex diagnostics", "Mentor junior techs" ] }, { "title": "Service Advisor or Manager", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Run the service lane", "Own warranty workflows", "Manage customer approvals" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/rv-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/rv-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "garage-door-technicians", "title": "Mechanical Door Repairers", "soc": "49-9011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$55,720", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 27120, "blsSoc": "49-9011" }, "employment": "In-home door repair with spring-tension stakes", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Mechanical door repairers install and service garage doors, openers, and the high-tension springs that make a three-hundred-pound door liftable. Smart openers add app connectivity, but spring work is genuinely dangerous and door alignment is judged on site, in the opening.", "caveat": "The trade's hazards are the barrier to casual competition: torsion-spring injuries send DIYers to the ER, which keeps the work professional. Smart-opener diagnostics are an add-on service, not a replacement.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 14, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Adjust doors to open or close with correct effort", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Repair or replace worn or broken door parts", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Install spring systems on ladders or scaffolding", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Complete work orders for services performed", "exposure": 50, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Spring system technique", "Door alignment precision", "Opener diagnostics", "Work-order documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Spring danger keeps work professional", "Smart openers add service revenue" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Door Installation Contractor", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 132, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn contractor licensing", "Bid residential and commercial work", "Build a crew" ] }, { "title": "Field Service Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead service technicians", "Own scheduling and routing", "Manage safety training" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/garage-door-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/garage-door-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "machinery-maintenance-workers", "title": "Maintenance Workers, Machinery", "soc": "49-9043", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$60,850", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 60020, "blsSoc": "49-9043" }, "employment": "Factory machinery upkeep in the predictive-maintenance era", "education": "High school plus industrial maintenance training", "summary": "Machinery maintenance workers lubricate, dismantle, and reassemble production machines on schedule. Vibration sensors and predictive platforms now flag failing bearings before they fail, targeting the work — but the teardown, part replacement, and reassembly still happen with wrenches.", "caveat": "Predictive maintenance changed what gets worked on, not who works on it: sensors generate the work orders. Plants running more automation need more machinery maintenance, not less.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Dismantle machines and remove parts for repair", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Reassemble machines after repair or maintenance", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Lubricate machines according to specified procedures", "exposure": 24, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Record production, repair, and maintenance information", "exposure": 52, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 56, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Machine teardown", "Preventive maintenance", "Preventive maintenance", "Maintenance documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Sensors generate the work orders", "Automation raises machinery counts" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Maintenance Planner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own the CMMS", "Schedule preventive programs", "Kit parts for jobs" ] }, { "title": "Maintenance Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead maintenance crews", "Manage downtime metrics", "Own parts budgets" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/machinery-maintenance-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/machinery-maintenance-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "piano-tuners", "title": "Musical Instrument Repairers and Tuners", "soc": "49-9063", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$46,420", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 5380, "blsSoc": "49-9063" }, "employment": "Aural craft with app assistance and an aging workforce", "education": "Specialized training; guild certification common", "summary": "Musical instrument repairers and tuners tune pianos, repair strings and keys, and restore instruments by ear and by hand. Tuning apps and electronic devices assist pitch measurement, but concert-level voicing, regulation, and restoration are craft skills judged by ear.", "caveat": "The trade's risk is demographic, not technological: tuners are retiring faster than they are replaced, and institutional clients — schools, churches, concert halls — still need scheduled service. Apps tune a living-room piano passably; they do not voice a Steinway.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 10, "transitionFeasibility": 54, "wageVulnerability": 50, "confidence": 57 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Adjust string tensions to tune instruments", "exposure": 16, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Play instruments to evaluate sound quality", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 38, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Repair or replace strings, bridges, felts, and keys", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Disassemble and reassemble instruments for repair", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Tuning technique", "Instrument repair", "Voicing craftsmanship", "Tuning equipment" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Apps assist amateurs, not concert work", "Retirements exceed new entrants" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Concert and Institutional Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Build institutional contracts", "Master concert preparation", "Add restoration skills" ] }, { "title": "Piano Rebuilder", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Learn full restoration", "Invest in shop equipment", "Serve the used-piano market" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/piano-tuners/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/piano-tuners.json" } }, { "slug": "watch-repairers", "title": "Watch and Clock Repairers", "soc": "49-9064", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$67,230", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 1310, "blsSoc": "49-9064" }, "employment": "Declining craft with a luxury mechanical niche", "education": "Watchmaking school or apprenticeship", "summary": "Watch and clock repairers disassemble, clean, and adjust timepieces under magnification. The quartz crisis and smartwatches gutted the volume end decades ago — but the mechanical luxury market's revival means brand service centers cannot hire trained watchmakers fast enough.", "caveat": "This is a declining-with-niche-resilience story: mass repair vanished, luxury service booms. Mechanical movements need human regulation, and brands gate parts to credentialed watchmakers, protecting the remaining trade.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 54, "wageVulnerability": 46, "confidence": 57 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Disassemble timepieces and inspect for defective parts", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Adjust timing regulators using calipers and recorders", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Clean timepiece parts using ultrasonic machines", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 36, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Estimate repair costs and timepiece values", "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Movement repair", "Precision adjustment", "Precision cleaning technique", "Repair estimating" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Luxury mechanical revival drives demand", "Brand parts-gating protects the trade" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Brand Service Center Watchmaker", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Complete WOSTEP or brand training", "Earn manufacturer credentials", "Work to brand tolerances" ] }, { "title": "Independent Restoration Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Build a vintage clientele", "Source obsolete parts", "Publish restoration work" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/watch-repairers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/watch-repairers.json" } }, { "slug": "vending-machine-servicers", "title": "Coin, Vending, and Amusement Machine Servicers", "soc": "49-9091", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$47,450", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 26410, "blsSoc": "49-9091" }, "employment": "Route service with telemetry calling the shots", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Coin, vending, and amusement machine servicers stock, maintain, and repair machines on route. Telemetry now reports inventory and faults before the visit, changing routes from rounds to targeted calls — but stocking, jam clearing, and component replacement happen at the machine.", "caveat": "Cashless payment telemetry made the role data-driven: machines report themselves sick. The service call itself — the physical fix and restock — is why the job persists.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Fill machines with products and supplies", "exposure": 24, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect machines to determine causes of malfunctions", "exposure": 32, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Replace malfunctioning parts such as card readers", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 44, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Maintain records of machine maintenance and repair", "exposure": 50, "automation": 28, "augmentation": 54, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Machine diagnostics", "Route stocking", "Component repair", "Service documentation" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Telemetry targets the route", "The fix happens at the machine" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Route Operations Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead service routes", "Own telemetry response metrics", "Manage warehouse stocking" ] }, { "title": "Field Service Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Broaden to ATM and kiosk systems", "Learn networked device repair", "Serve contract clients" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/vending-machine-servicers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/vending-machine-servicers.json" } }, { "slug": "riggers", "title": "Riggers", "soc": "49-9096", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Installation, Maintenance, and Repair", "medianWage": "$62,640", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 22530, "blsSoc": "49-9096" }, "employment": "Load-movement judgment with physics on the hook", "education": "High school plus rigging apprenticeship or certification", "summary": "Riggers select gear, attach loads, and direct crane movements for construction, shipyards, and events. Lift-planning software calculates loads and clearances, but the rigger's call — sling angles, load balance, hand signals in the moment — decides whether a lift is safe.", "caveat": "Every lifted load is a one-off: weight distribution, wind, and site conditions change the physics. Lift software assists the plan; certified riggers own the execution and the stop-work call.", "scores": { "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 36, "confidence": 58 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Select gear according to load weights and sizes", "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 50, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Test rigging to ensure safety and reliability", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 46, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Signal or direct workers hoisting and moving loads", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 42, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Control heavy equipment through narrow openings", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Rigging technique", "Lift planning", "Crane signaling", "Load safety" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Software plans lifts, riggers own them", "Every load is a one-off" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lift Director", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 126, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn advanced rigging credentials", "Own critical-lift plans", "Lead lift crews" ] }, { "title": "Entertainment Rigger", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn arena and theater systems", "Serve touring productions", "Master fall-protection standards" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/riggers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/riggers.json" } }, { "slug": "production-supervisors", "title": "First-Line Supervisors of Production Workers", "soc": "51-1011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$74,450", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 673430, "blsSoc": "51-1011" }, "employment": "The near-move target for the production floor", "education": "Production experience plus supervisory training", "summary": "Production supervisors set work schedules, inspect output, enforce safety rules, and coordinate between departments. Manufacturing execution systems now track output in real time, but supervisors run the shift: reallocating people when machines go down, enforcing safety, and answering for the numbers.", "caveat": "As production automation raises output per worker, the supervisor's job shifts toward exception management — handling what the line cannot. This is the advancement path for assemblers and operators across the production cluster.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 68, "wageVulnerability": 34, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Plan work schedules and production sequences", "exposure": 48, "automation": 25, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Inspect materials and products to detect defects", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Enforce safety and sanitation regulations", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Confer with other supervisors to coordinate operations", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Production scheduling", "Quality inspection", "Safety enforcement", "Shift coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "MES tracks output, supervisors run shifts", "Exception management grows" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Plant Manager", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Own plant P&L", "Lead continuous improvement", "Manage multi-shift operations" ] }, { "title": "Manufacturing Operations Analyst", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Analyze line data", "Model labor and throughput", "Support automation projects" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/production-supervisors/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/production-supervisors.json" } }, { "slug": "aircraft-assemblers", "title": "Aircraft Structure and Systems Assemblers", "soc": "51-2011", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$65,380", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 34020, "blsSoc": "51-2011" }, "employment": "Tight-tolerance assembly where robots still need fitters", "education": "High school plus aerospace assembly training", "summary": "Aircraft assemblers rivet, fit, and install structures and systems on airframes. Automated drilling and riveting machines handle long repeatable runs, but aerospace's tight tolerances, confined spaces, and inspection-documented work keep human assemblers on every unit.", "caveat": "Backlogs at the major airframers run for years, and quality escape prevention is a human-checkpoint culture. Automation handles repetition; fitting, rework, and first-article problem-solving stay manual.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 32, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assemble parts and subassemblies on aircraft", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Read blueprints to determine layouts and sequences", "exposure": 42, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Inspect or test installed units for fit and compliance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Adjust, repair, or rework parts for proper operation", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Aircraft assembly", "Blueprint reading", "Precision fitting", "Compliance inspection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Automated riveting handles long runs", "Tight-tolerance fitting stays manual" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Assembly Team Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead build teams", "Own quality checkpoints", "Coordinate with engineering" ] }, { "title": "Aircraft Maintenance Technician", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "18-30", "actions": [ "Complete A&P certification", "Move to maintenance side", "Serve MRO or airline shops" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/aircraft-assemblers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/aircraft-assemblers.json" } }, { "slug": "electronics-assemblers", "title": "Electrical and Electronic Equipment Assemblers", "soc": "51-2022", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$45,420", "wageData": { "vintage": "Fallback estimate; May 2025 median unavailable", "sourceStatus": "fallback", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": null, "blsSoc": null }, "employment": "Bench assembly between SMT automation and hand work", "education": "High school plus assembly training; IPC certification common", "summary": "Electronics assemblers wire, solder, and install components into systems. Surface-mount lines automate high-volume boards, splitting the role: the automated line takes volume, while prototypes, rework, cable harnesses, and low-volume builds remain bench work requiring soldering skill.", "caveat": "The honest read is moderate pressure on commodity assembly. The durable bench work is exactly the irregular kind — rework, repair, harnesses, and first runs — plus the IPC-certified soldering that aerospace and defense require.", "scores": { "exposure": 40, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 48, "displacementPressure": 40, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 52, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Assemble electronic systems and install components", "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Read schematic drawings and work orders", "exposure": 46, "automation": 23, "augmentation": 56, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Adjust, repair, or replace components to correct defects", "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Position and align parts to facilitate assembly", "exposure": 24, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 38, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Soldering technique", "Reading schematics", "Harness wiring", "Defect repair" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "SMT lines take volume", "Rework and prototypes stay on the bench" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Electronics Test Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn functional test", "Master diagnostic equipment", "Serve engineering builds" ] }, { "title": "Lead Assembler or Inspector", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Add IPC inspection credentials", "Lead bench teams", "Own quality documentation" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/electronics-assemblers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/electronics-assemblers.json" } }, { "slug": "metal-fabricators", "title": "Structural Metal Fabricators and Fitters", "soc": "51-2041", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$51,330", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 52360, "blsSoc": "51-2041" }, "employment": "Custom steel fitting where every structure differs", "education": "High school plus fabrication training or apprenticeship", "summary": "Structural metal fabricators position, align, and weld steel into frames and structures from engineering drawings. CNC cutting and robotic welding handle repetitive production, but custom fabrication — fitting steel to drawings, tacking, and correcting for real-world variance — stays with the fitter.", "caveat": "Fabrication shops automate the repeatable; construction steel is not repeatable. Fitters who read drawings and fit complex assemblies are the constraint on shop throughput.", "scores": { "exposure": 28, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "displacementPressure": 22, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 40, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Position, align, fit, and weld parts into units", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Study engineering drawings to determine requirements", "exposure": 40, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 54, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Verify conformance of workpieces to specifications", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Tack-weld fitted parts together", "exposure": 18, "automation": 7, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Structural welding", "Blueprint reading", "Welding technique", "Precision measurement" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Robots weld repeatables, fitters fit", "Custom work resists production" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Fabrication Shop Foreman", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead fitting crews", "Own drawing interpretation", "Manage shop scheduling" ] }, { "title": "Certified Welding Inspector", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Earn CWI certification", "Master code requirements", "Inspect weld quality" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/metal-fabricators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/metal-fabricators.json" } }, { "slug": "slaughterhouse-workers", "title": "Slaughterers and Meat Packers", "soc": "51-3023", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$40,130", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 69950, "blsSoc": "51-3023" }, "employment": "Meatpacking line work where robotics keeps failing", "education": "No formal credential required", "summary": "Slaughterers and meat packers stun, eviscerate, and cut carcasses on processing lines. Robotics has chased this work for decades and keeps losing to variability: no two carcasses are shaped alike, and vision-guided cutting still underperforms a trained knife hand on yield.", "caveat": "The honest pressures on this occupation are working conditions, injury rates, and labor supply — automation attempts matter, but the industry's binding problem is finding people who will do the work. Automated cutting pilots exist; line staffing remains human.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 34, "displacementPressure": 34, "transitionFeasibility": 54, "wageVulnerability": 74, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Slit open, eviscerate, and trim carcasses", "exposure": 22, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Remove bones and cut meat into standard cuts", "exposure": 24, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Tend assembly lines performing processing cuts", "exposure": 26, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Stun animals prior to slaughtering", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Knife technique", "Line speed and accuracy", "Carcass handling", "Sanitation compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Vision robotics loses on carcass variability", "Labor supply is the binding problem" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lead Line Worker or Trainer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Train new line workers", "Own yield quality", "Lead safety practices" ] }, { "title": "Quality Assurance Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn HACCP programs", "Audit line compliance", "Document food-safety checks" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/slaughterhouse-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/slaughterhouse-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "bindery-workers", "title": "Print Binding and Finishing Workers", "soc": "51-5113", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$42,290", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 33180, "blsSoc": "51-5113" }, "employment": "Post-press finishing in a shrinking print market", "education": "High school plus on-the-job training", "summary": "Bindery workers set up and run the machines that cut, fold, stitch, and bind printed pieces. Digital print workflows automated much of prepress upstream, and finishing equipment keeps adding automation — but short runs, specialty binding, and packaging finishing still need operators who set up and adjust machines.", "caveat": "The honest read is moderate-to-high pressure following the print market's documented decline. The durable niches are packaging finishing and specialty work — the jobs machines cannot set up by themselves.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 44, "displacementPressure": 50, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Install or adjust bindery machine devices", "exposure": 34, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Examine bound product samples for defects", "exposure": 38, "automation": 20, "augmentation": 48, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Monitor machine operations for malfunctions", "exposure": 36, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 44, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Trim edges of books to size using cutting machines", "exposure": 30, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Bindery machine setup", "Defect inspection", "Print production", "Production monitoring" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Print volume decline drives the trend", "Packaging finishing is the durable niche" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Bindery Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead finishing crews", "Own setup efficiency", "Manage job scheduling" ] }, { "title": "Packaging Finishing Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Cross-train on folding-carton equipment", "Serve packaging converters", "Learn die-cutting setups" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/bindery-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/bindery-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "sewing-machine-operators", "title": "Sewing Machine Operators", "soc": "51-6031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$36,670", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 104880, "blsSoc": "51-6031" }, "employment": "Garment work that automation still cannot sew", "education": "No formal credential; on-the-job training", "summary": "Sewing machine operators guide garments through machines, matching pieces and monitoring stitching. Soft, shifting fabric defeats robotic handling: sewbots work on a few rigid product types, while apparel's variety keeps human operators at the machine — trade policy, not technology, moves this employment.", "caveat": "The occupation's decline was offshoring, and its potential revival is reshoring — both trade stories. Within the work itself, automation exposure is genuinely low: fabric manipulation remains a human skill.", "scores": { "exposure": 36, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 72, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Guide garments under machine needles to sew parts", "exposure": 24, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Monitor machine operation for stitching problems", "exposure": 32, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Position items using marks, clamps, or templates", "exposure": 24, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Match cloth pieces and verify dye lots and patterns", "exposure": 28, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 40, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Machine sewing", "Fabric handling", "Stitch quality monitoring", "Pattern alignment precision" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Sewbots handle only rigid products", "Trade policy moves the employment" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Sample Maker or Prototype Sewer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Sew first samples", "Work with design teams", "Master multiple machine types" ] }, { "title": "Production Floor Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead sewing lines", "Balance line efficiency", "Own quality checks" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/sewing-machine-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/sewing-machine-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "shoe-repairers", "title": "Shoe and Leather Workers and Repairers", "soc": "51-6041", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$37,800", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 7450, "blsSoc": "51-6041" }, "employment": "Cobbling with a repair-economy revival angle", "education": "High school plus craft training", "summary": "Shoe and leather workers repair and recondition footwear, luggage, and leather goods by hand. The trade shrank with disposable footwear, but the repair-economy and sustainability movement — plus demand for resoling quality boots and restoring luxury leather goods — gives surviving shops a niche with pricing power.", "caveat": "Every repair is a custom job on a worn object: no two soles fail alike. The craft constraint is labor supply, and shops that market restoration online reach national clienteles.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 54, "wageVulnerability": 62, "confidence": 57 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Repair and recondition shoes, luggage, and leather goods", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Cut out parts following patterns using knives and shears", "exposure": 18, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Align and stitch or glue materials to join parts", "exposure": 16, "automation": 6, "augmentation": 32, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect articles for defects and remove worn parts", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Leather repair", "Stitching technique", "Custom fitting technique", "Restoration craftsmanship" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Repair economy revives the niche", "Every job is a custom one-off" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Leather Restoration Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Market luxury restoration online", "Serve mail-in clientele", "Master brand-specific work" ] }, { "title": "Shoe Repair Shop Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Take over or open a shop", "Add key and engraving services", "Build repeat local clientele" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/shoe-repairers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/shoe-repairers.json" } }, { "slug": "apparel-patternmakers", "title": "Fabric and Apparel Patternmakers", "soc": "51-6092", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$62,750", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 2950, "blsSoc": "51-6092" }, "employment": "The technical side of fashion, deep into CAD transition", "education": "Postsecondary pattern-making training", "summary": "Apparel patternmakers create and grade the master patterns garments are made from. CAD pattern software and 3D-fit simulation now handle drafting and virtual sampling — real, deployed tooling — while fit judgment, adjustment after live fittings, and translating a designer's sketch into producible geometry stay expert work.", "caveat": "Distinct from fashion designers: this is the engineering of clothing. 3D tools eliminated physical sample rounds, compressing the routine drafting; patternmakers who run the CAD stack and own fit correction are the survivors.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 58, "displacementPressure": 46, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 44, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Create master patterns for each garment size", "exposure": 48, "automation": 26, "augmentation": 60, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Input specifications into computers for pattern design", "exposure": 56, "automation": 32, "augmentation": 60, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Make adjustments to patterns after fittings", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Compute dimensions of patterns according to sizes", "exposure": 54, "automation": 31, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Pattern drafting", "CAD grading", "Fit adjustment technique", "Technical specification" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "3D-fit tools cut sample rounds", "Fit judgment after live fittings stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Technical Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 68, "wagePreservation": 114, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Own fit and spec processes", "Run 3D sampling workflows", "Liaise with factories" ] }, { "title": "3D Apparel Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master CLO or Browzwear", "Lead virtual sampling", "Train design teams" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/apparel-patternmakers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/apparel-patternmakers.json" } }, { "slug": "upholsterers", "title": "Upholsterers", "soc": "51-6093", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$46,340", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 20140, "blsSoc": "51-6093" }, "employment": "Furniture reupholstery on irregular pieces", "education": "High school plus upholstery training", "summary": "Upholsterers fit and secure fabric over furniture frames, building up padding and cutting covers to pattern. Every piece differs — frames sag, springs fail, and fabric must be matched and tensioned by hand — keeping reupholstery a custom craft while new furniture production automated long ago.", "caveat": "The work is restoration: clients pay to renew pieces that cannot be replicated. Measuring, cutting, and fitting material to a one-off frame is handwork with no production-line equivalent.", "scores": { "exposure": 24, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 38, "displacementPressure": 12, "transitionFeasibility": 56, "wageVulnerability": 56, "confidence": 57 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Fit, install, and secure material on frames", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Measure and cut covering materials following specifications", "exposure": 22, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Build up padding to form smooth surfaces", "exposure": 14, "automation": 5, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Examine frames, springs, and webbing for defects", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 42, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Upholstery technique", "Fabric cutting technique", "Frame repair", "Material estimating" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "New furniture automated, restoration cannot", "Every frame is a one-off" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Upholstery Shop Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Build a restoration clientele", "Add commercial contract work", "Market before-and-after work" ] }, { "title": "Marine and Auto Upholstery Specialist", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Learn marine-grade materials", "Serve boat and RV markets", "Master custom interiors" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/upholsterers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/upholsterers.json" } }, { "slug": "power-distributors-dispatchers", "title": "Power Distributors and Dispatchers", "soc": "51-8012", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$106,730", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8520, "blsSoc": "51-8012" }, "employment": "Grid control room where AI forecasting meets accountability", "education": "Extensive utility training; NERC certification common", "summary": "Power distributors and dispatchers control the flow of electricity across the grid, responding to equipment failures and routing power around outages. Renewables forecasting AI and grid-optimization software now advise dispatch decisions — but NERC-certified operators remain legally accountable for balancing the grid in real time.", "caveat": "The grid is getting harder to run, not easier: variable renewables multiply the forecasting problem AI helps solve, which augments rather than replaces the operator. Reliability accountability is regulated and human-signed.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 54, "displacementPressure": 26, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 20, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Respond to emergencies and route current around failures", "exposure": 22, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Control equipment that regulates or distributes electricity", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Distribute power flow between stations and users", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 54, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Coordinate with engineers and field personnel", "exposure": 26, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 50, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Grid operations", "Emergency rerouting", "Renewables forecasting", "NERC compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "AI forecasts renewables variability", "Reliability accountability is certified" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Transmission System Operator", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Advance NERC certification levels", "Move to balancing authority work", "Lead control-room shifts" ] }, { "title": "Grid Analytics Specialist", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 58, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master forecasting platforms", "Analyze renewable integration", "Support market operations" ] } ], "sources": [ "ilo-2025", "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/power-distributors-dispatchers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/power-distributors-dispatchers.json" } }, { "slug": "chemical-plant-operators", "title": "Chemical Plant and System Operators", "soc": "51-8091", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$78,120", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 16610, "blsSoc": "51-8091" }, "employment": "Process control room with mature automation and a safety anchor", "education": "High school plus extensive process training", "summary": "Chemical plant operators control reaction processes from panelboards and control systems. Advanced process control has optimized routine operation for decades — the automation here is mature — leaving operators to handle upsets, draw samples, inspect units, and respond to emergencies.", "caveat": "Process control already automated the steady state; the operator's value is the abnormal: startups, shutdowns, and the judgment to hit the emergency stop. Safety-system accountability keeps staffed control rooms.", "scores": { "exposure": 32, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Control chemical processes using control boards", "exposure": 32, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 50, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor instruments and listen for warning signals", "exposure": 36, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Regulate or shut down equipment during emergencies", "exposure": 20, "automation": 8, "augmentation": 44, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Inspect operating units and draw quality samples", "exposure": 26, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 46, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "Process control", "Emergency response", "Unit inspection", "Quality sampling" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "APC optimized steady state long ago", "Upset response stays human" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Lead Operator or Shift Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead control-room shifts", "Own upset-response procedures", "Train new operators" ] }, { "title": "Process Technician to Engineer Track", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 56, "wagePreservation": 140, "trainingMonths": "24-48", "actions": [ "Complete an engineering degree", "Move into process engineering", "Lead optimization projects" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/chemical-plant-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/chemical-plant-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "refinery-operators", "title": "Petroleum Pump System Operators and Refinery Operators", "soc": "51-8093", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$96,710", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 33160, "blsSoc": "51-8093" }, "employment": "Refinery control with the energy transition overhead", "education": "High school plus extensive process training", "summary": "Petroleum pump system and refinery operators run the panels that move oil through pipelines and process units. Control systems regulate routine flow automatically — mature automation — while operators verify meters, coordinate product movement, and respond when instruments disagree with reality.", "caveat": "The long-run question for this occupation is the energy transition, not AI: refinery count and throughput set employment. Day to day, automated control needs human verification, and pipeline scheduling is exception-driven work.", "scores": { "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 24, "transitionFeasibility": 62, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Operate control panels to regulate process variables", "exposure": 34, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor process indicators to detect problems", "exposure": 36, "automation": 18, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Verify products move through correct meters", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 48, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Signal workers to operate pumps and check temperatures", "exposure": 24, "automation": 10, "augmentation": 44, "type": "social" } ], "skills": [ "Control panel operation", "Process monitoring", "Meter verification", "Pipeline coordination" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Routine flow is already automated", "Energy transition shapes the outlook" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Pipeline Control Center Lead", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead control-room operations", "Own scheduling systems", "Manage emergency response" ] }, { "title": "Terminal Operations Manager", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Learn tank-farm operations", "Manage custody transfer", "Own terminal safety programs" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/refinery-operators/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/refinery-operators.json" } }, { "slug": "dental-lab-technicians", "title": "Dental Laboratory Technicians", "soc": "51-9081", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Production", "medianWage": "$49,610", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 34410, "blsSoc": "51-9081" }, "employment": "The dental lab after the CAD/CAM transformation", "education": "Postsecondary certificate or on-the-job training", "summary": "Dental laboratory technicians fabricate crowns, bridges, and dentures. Intraoral scanning and CAD/CAM milling genuinely transformed this role: digital design replaced waxing for routine units, compressing bench volume — while custom ceramics, shade matching, and complex implant work remain skilled craft.", "caveat": "The honest read is moderate-to-high pressure on the production side: mills cut standard crowns unattended. The craft that persists is the esthetic layer — layered ceramics, characterization, and the difficult cases labs charge premium fees for.", "scores": { "exposure": 54, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 52, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 48, "confidence": 61 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Fabricate, alter, or repair dental devices", "exposure": 36, "automation": 19, "augmentation": 48, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Read prescriptions and examine models to determine design", "exposure": 44, "automation": 22, "augmentation": 56, "type": "analytical" }, { "label": "Test appliances for conformance and occlusion accuracy", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 50, "type": "compliance" }, { "label": "Polish surfaces of prostheses and frameworks", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 40, "type": "physical" } ], "skills": [ "CAD restoration design", "Ceramic layering technique", "Occlusion testing", "Shade matching precision" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Mills cut routine crowns unattended", "Custom ceramics stay craft" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Digital Lab Designer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 116, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Master CAD design software", "Run milling workflows", "Serve digital-first dentists" ] }, { "title": "Ceramic Specialist or Lab Owner", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 128, "trainingMonths": "12-24", "actions": [ "Master esthetic ceramics", "Build dentist relationships", "Own complex-case work" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/dental-lab-technicians/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/dental-lab-technicians.json" } }, { "slug": "driver-sales-workers", "title": "Driver/Sales Workers", "soc": "53-3031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$38,770", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 409180, "blsSoc": "53-3031" }, "employment": "Route delivery with a sales relationship on each stop", "education": "High school plus clean driving record", "summary": "Driver/sales workers run established routes delivering food, beverages, and supplies while selling to regular customers. Route-optimization software and online ordering compress the logistics, but the role survives on the relationship: the regular customer, the informal credit, the complaint handled at the door.", "caveat": "Distinct from gig delivery drivers: this is assigned-route work with accounts. E-commerce takes the transactional volume; route sales persists where the driver is the account manager with a truck.", "scores": { "exposure": 46, "automation": 24, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 44, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 66, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Drive trucks to deliver food, supplies, or goods", "exposure": 34, "automation": 16, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inform regular customers of new products and prices", "exposure": 32, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 48, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Listen to and resolve customer complaints", "exposure": 28, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "social" }, { "label": "Collect money and record transactions", "exposure": 52, "automation": 30, "augmentation": 46, "type": "information" } ], "skills": [ "Route driving", "Account relationships", "Order documentation", "Vehicle maintenance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Online ordering takes transactions", "Route relationships persist" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Route Sales Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 66, "wagePreservation": 122, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Lead route teams", "Own territory growth", "Manage key accounts" ] }, { "title": "Wholesale Account Representative", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 124, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move to office-based sales", "Master the ordering platform", "Serve larger accounts" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/driver-sales-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/driver-sales-workers.json" } }, { "slug": "ship-engineers", "title": "Ship Engineers", "soc": "53-5031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$109,530", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 8400, "blsSoc": "53-5031" }, "employment": "Engine-room officers watching autonomous-ship trials", "education": "Maritime academy or hawsepipe progression plus Coast Guard licensing", "summary": "Ship engineers monitor, operate, and repair vessel engines and machinery, keeping propulsion and power running at sea. Engine-room automation and condition monitoring are decades deep, and autonomous-vessel trials run with reduced crews — but licensed engineers remain aboard under crewing rules, fixing what breaks mid-ocean.", "caveat": "Distinct from deck-side sailors and captains: this is the machinery end. Unmanned engine rooms exist on some runs with engineers ashore on call — the direction of travel — but international routes, breakdown response, and regulation keep licensed engineers aboard.", "scores": { "exposure": 30, "automation": 13, "augmentation": 50, "displacementPressure": 20, "transitionFeasibility": 60, "wageVulnerability": 26, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "low", "riskLabel": "Low", "tasks": [ { "label": "Monitor engine and machinery indicators underway", "exposure": 34, "automation": 17, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Monitor and test operations to identify malfunctions", "exposure": 32, "automation": 15, "augmentation": 52, "type": "technical" }, { "label": "Perform general vessel maintenance and repair", "exposure": 22, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Regulate engines to control vessel speed", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 46, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Marine engineering", "Machinery diagnostics", "At-sea repair", "Safety compliance" ], "marketSignals": [ "Low displacement pressure", "Monitoring is mature; repair stays aboard", "Crewing rules mandate engineers" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Chief Engineer", "type": "credentialed_transition", "skillOverlap": 64, "wagePreservation": 136, "trainingMonths": "24-36", "actions": [ "Accumulate licensed sea time", "Advance license levels", "Lead engine departments" ] }, { "title": "Port Engineer", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 118, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Move shoreside to fleet support", "Manage vessel maintenance budgets", "Oversee drydockings" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/ship-engineers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/ship-engineers.json" } }, { "slug": "service-station-attendants", "title": "Automotive and Watercraft Service Attendants", "soc": "53-6031", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$35,670", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 102010, "blsSoc": "53-6031" }, "employment": "The service station after self-serve already won", "education": "No formal credential required", "summary": "Automotive and watercraft service attendants fuel vehicles, check fluids, and sell accessories at stations and marinas. Self-service displaced most of this role decades ago — the automation here is complete history — leaving marina work, full-serve niches, and states where an attendant pumps by law.", "caveat": "The remaining pressure is structural: EVs eliminate the fuel stop itself, and charging needs no attendant. Marina fueling and service work, where the customer is a boat owner with lines to handle, is the durable pocket.", "scores": { "exposure": 52, "automation": 29, "augmentation": 42, "displacementPressure": 52, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 60 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Check tire pressure and fluid levels, adding as required", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 36, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Collect payments and provide receipts", "exposure": 56, "automation": 34, "augmentation": 42, "type": "information" }, { "label": "Sell and install accessories such as wiper blades", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 42, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Perform minor repairs and maintenance", "exposure": 26, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 40, "type": "technical" } ], "skills": [ "Vehicle fluid service", "Payment handling", "Accessory sales and service", "Marina operations" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Self-serve already took the volume", "EVs remove the fuel stop itself" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Marina Operations Assistant", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Move to marina work", "Learn boat handling", "Serve seasonal boating demand" ] }, { "title": "Quick-Lube Technician", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 110, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Cross-train on fluid services", "Learn inspection procedures", "Serve drive-through bays" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/service-station-attendants/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/service-station-attendants.json" } }, { "slug": "car-wash-workers", "title": "Cleaners of Vehicles and Equipment", "soc": "53-7061", "category": "Production and Skilled Trades", "categorySlug": "production-skilled-trades", "majorGroup": "Transportation and Material Moving", "medianWage": "$35,830", "wageData": { "vintage": "May 2025", "sourceStatus": "current_official", "geography": "United States — national", "nationalEmployment": 380430, "blsSoc": "53-7061" }, "employment": "Vehicle cleaning after the tunnel-wash takeover", "education": "No formal credential required", "summary": "Vehicle and equipment cleaners wash, polish, and detail vehicles and machinery. Conveyor tunnel washes automated exterior washing at scale — the displacement already happened — while interior detailing, hand polishing, and equipment cleaning remain manual work with growing express-detail demand.", "caveat": "The automated exterior is a solved problem; what remains human is everything inside the car and anything too large or delicate for the tunnel. Detailing skill — paint correction, interior restoration — is a craft tier above the wash.", "scores": { "exposure": 42, "automation": 23, "augmentation": 36, "displacementPressure": 48, "transitionFeasibility": 58, "wageVulnerability": 70, "confidence": 59 }, "riskBand": "moderate", "riskLabel": "Moderate", "tasks": [ { "label": "Scrub, scrape, or spray vehicles and equipment", "exposure": 24, "automation": 12, "augmentation": 30, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Apply polishes, waxes, or reconditioners to vehicles", "exposure": 20, "automation": 9, "augmentation": 34, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Rinse objects and dry surfaces", "exposure": 22, "automation": 11, "augmentation": 28, "type": "physical" }, { "label": "Inspect vehicles for cleanliness, damage, and compliance", "exposure": 30, "automation": 14, "augmentation": 44, "type": "analytical" } ], "skills": [ "Detailing technique", "Detailing and polishing technique", "Equipment cleaning", "Condition inspection" ], "marketSignals": [ "Moderate displacement pressure", "Tunnels own the exterior wash", "Detailing demand grows" ], "transitionPathways": [ { "title": "Detail Shop Lead or Owner", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 62, "wagePreservation": 120, "trainingMonths": "6-12", "actions": [ "Master paint correction", "Build a detailing clientele", "Add ceramic-coating services" ] }, { "title": "Fleet Wash Operations Supervisor", "type": "role_redesign", "skillOverlap": 60, "wagePreservation": 112, "trainingMonths": "3-6", "actions": [ "Manage commercial accounts", "Run wash-bay operations", "Own water-reclaim compliance" ] } ], "sources": [ "oecd-2023", "mckinsey-2023", "onet", "bls-oews" ], "urls": { "page": "https://displacement.ai/jobs/car-wash-workers/", "json": "https://displacement.ai/api/occupations/car-wash-workers.json" } } ] }