Occupation index

AI displacement risk by occupation

Job titles are too broad to explain AI displacement. This index compares roles by task exposure, automation potential, augmentation potential, median wage, and adjacent transition paths.

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Each role page is generated from the same evidence-tracked occupation model used by the lens.

SOC 43-9021

Data Entry Keyers

Routine structured entry, duplicate checks, and record transfer are highly exposed to direct automation. The strongest transition path moves workers from keystroke volume into data quality, exception handling, and workflow support.

Exposure: 92
Automation: 78%
Augment: 18%

Very High

SOC 43-3031

Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks

Invoice matching, reconciliations, and routine reporting are exposed to automation. Judgment around controls, vendor context, audit trails, and anomaly escalation can become more valuable.

Exposure: 78
Automation: 59%
Augment: 34%

High

SOC 43-4051

Customer Service Representatives

Scripted inquiries, routing, and knowledge-base answers are highly exposed. Complex escalation, retention, empathy, and account context remain the transition anchors.

Exposure: 73
Automation: 57%
Augment: 39%

High

SOC 13-1161

Market Research Analysts

Summarization, draft segmentation, and desk research are exposed, but domain judgment, study design, stakeholder context, and synthesis make this a strong augmentation case.

Exposure: 54
Automation: 37%
Augment: 61%

Moderate

SOC 15-1252

Software Developers

Code generation changes the junior task bundle, but architecture, debugging, security, product judgment, and system ownership keep the role augmentation-heavy.

Exposure: 63
Automation: 29%
Augment: 74%

Low

SOC 29-1141

Registered Nurses

Documentation and administrative follow-up can change quickly, but hands-on care, clinical judgment, licensing, and patient trust constrain direct replacement.

Exposure: 28
Automation: 13%
Augment: 46%

Low

SOC 25-2021

Elementary School Teachers

Lesson prep, differentiated materials, and feedback loops are augmentable. Classroom management, care, student relationships, and local accountability remain central.

Exposure: 22
Automation: 10%
Augment: 52%

Low

SOC 51-4041

Machinists

Physical production limits pure software substitution, while setup optimization, maintenance planning, and quality analytics can augment skilled operators.

Exposure: 35
Automation: 22%
Augment: 33%

Moderate

SOC 23-2011

Paralegals and Legal Assistants

Document review, drafting, and research are exposed to AI assistance, while case context, client communication, attorney supervision, and jurisdiction-specific process remain important anchors.

Exposure: 71
Automation: 48%
Augment: 55%

High

SOC 13-1071

Human Resources Specialists

Resume screening, policy answers, and first-draft communications can be automated or augmented, but employee relations, hiring judgment, trust, and process design keep the role human-centered.

Exposure: 58
Automation: 35%
Augment: 59%

Moderate

SOC 27-1024

Graphic Designers

Asset variation, layout drafts, and production design are exposed, while brand judgment, creative direction, client interpretation, and systems thinking become more important.

Exposure: 64
Automation: 42%
Augment: 63%

Moderate

SOC 47-2111

Electricians

Hands-on installation, safety, code compliance, and field troubleshooting make direct AI replacement unlikely, while estimating, diagnostics, and documentation can improve with tools.

Exposure: 18
Automation: 7%
Augment: 31%

Low

SOC 41-4012

Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing

Lead research, outreach drafts, and CRM updates are augmentable, but territory knowledge, negotiation, trust, and account strategy remain central.

Exposure: 49
Automation: 28%
Augment: 57%

Moderate

SOC 41-2031

Retail Salespersons

Product questions, checkout, inventory lookup, and scripted service can be augmented or automated. In-person trust, merchandising judgment, local customer knowledge, and service recovery remain important anchors.

Exposure: 56
Automation: 34%
Augment: 42%

Moderate

SOC 35-3023

Fast Food and Counter Workers

Kiosk ordering, drive-through voice systems, scheduling tools, and prep automation can reduce routine counter work. Reliability, shift leadership, food safety, and customer recovery remain more resilient.

Exposure: 47
Automation: 39%
Augment: 24%

High

SOC 31-9092

Medical Assistants

Scheduling, chart preparation, and patient messaging can be augmented. Hands-on care, rooming patients, vital signs, specimen handling, and local clinical protocols keep the role comparatively resilient.

Exposure: 38
Automation: 18%
Augment: 49%

Low

SOC 13-1082

Project Management Specialists

Status reporting, meeting summaries, dependency tracking, and draft plans are strong augmentation cases. Human negotiation, sequencing, tradeoff calls, and stakeholder trust remain the core value.

Exposure: 51
Automation: 22%
Augment: 66%

Low

SOC 15-1212

Information Security Analysts

Alert triage, report drafting, detection tuning, and policy review can be accelerated by AI. Accountability, incident command, adversarial reasoning, and environment-specific context keep the role resilient.

Exposure: 48
Automation: 24%
Augment: 72%

Low