Jobs at risk from AI
The jobs most exposed to AI usually contain repeatable language, lookup, classification, reporting, data entry, scripted service, or routine analysis. Use this list as a starting point for deeper occupation pages.
Data Entry Keyers
Routine structured entry, duplicate checks, and record transfer are highly exposed to direct automation. The strongest transition path moves workers from keystroke volume into data quality, exception handling, and workflow support.
- Pressure
- 86
- Automation
- 78%
- Wage risk
- 76
Cashiers
Transaction scanning, payment handling, price lookup, and routine customer routing are highly exposed to self-checkout, kiosks, and computer vision workflows. Service recovery, trust, store knowledge, and shift reliability remain the strongest anchors.
- Pressure
- 78
- Automation
- 58%
- Wage risk
- 90
Interpreters and Translators
Text translation, captioning, and routine localization are highly exposed to machine translation and speech systems. Live interpretation, legal/medical nuance, cultural adaptation, and quality review remain more defensible.
- Pressure
- 76
- Automation
- 61%
- Wage risk
- 60
Writers and Authors
Drafting, summarization, outlines, headlines, product copy, and content variations are highly exposed to generative AI. Original reporting, taste, editorial judgment, audience trust, and subject-matter expertise become more important.
- Pressure
- 74
- Automation
- 54%
- Wage risk
- 58
Customer Service Representatives
Scripted inquiries, routing, and knowledge-base answers are highly exposed. Complex escalation, retention, empathy, and account context remain the transition anchors.
- Pressure
- 73
- Automation
- 57%
- Wage risk
- 79
Secretaries and Administrative Assistants
Calendar management, drafting, formatting, travel planning, note summaries, and routine follow-ups are exposed to AI assistants. Executive context, prioritization, confidentiality, and process ownership remain the transition anchors.
- Pressure
- 72
- Automation
- 55%
- Wage risk
- 66
Bookkeeping, Accounting, and Auditing Clerks
Invoice matching, reconciliations, and routine reporting are exposed to automation. Judgment around controls, vendor context, audit trails, and anomaly escalation can become more valuable.
- Pressure
- 71
- Automation
- 59%
- Wage risk
- 64
Receptionists and Information Clerks
Appointment scheduling, call routing, visitor instructions, and routine intake are exposed to AI agents and workflow software. Trust, escalation judgment, local context, and office operations coordination remain defensible.
- Pressure
- 69
- Automation
- 51%
- Wage risk
- 78
Fast Food and Counter Workers
Kiosk ordering, drive-through voice systems, scheduling tools, and prep automation can reduce routine counter work. Reliability, shift leadership, food safety, and customer recovery remain more resilient.
- Pressure
- 62
- Automation
- 39%
- Wage risk
- 88
Paralegals and Legal Assistants
Document review, drafting, and research are exposed to AI assistance, while case context, client communication, attorney supervision, and jurisdiction-specific process remain important anchors.
- Pressure
- 61
- Automation
- 48%
- Wage risk
- 45
Loan Officers
Application intake, document review, credit summaries, and routine eligibility checks are exposed to automated underwriting. Relationship management, exception judgment, compliance, and borrower trust remain important.
- Pressure
- 60
- Automation
- 46%
- Wage risk
- 42
Retail Salespersons
Product questions, checkout, inventory lookup, and scripted service can be augmented or automated. In-person trust, merchandising judgment, local customer knowledge, and service recovery remain important anchors.
- Pressure
- 58
- Automation
- 34%
- Wage risk
- 82
Graphic Designers
Asset variation, layout drafts, and production design are exposed, while brand judgment, creative direction, client interpretation, and systems thinking become more important.
- Pressure
- 55
- Automation
- 42%
- Wage risk
- 48
Stockers and Order Fillers
Picking routes, inventory lookup, replenishment priorities, and warehouse slotting are increasingly shaped by software and robotics. Physical execution, exception handling, safety, and equipment operation remain important.
- Pressure
- 54
- Automation
- 36%
- Wage risk
- 74
Market Research Analysts
Summarization, draft segmentation, and desk research are exposed, but domain judgment, study design, stakeholder context, and synthesis make this a strong augmentation case.
- Pressure
- 45
- Automation
- 37%
- Wage risk
- 38
Human Resources Specialists
Resume screening, policy answers, and first-draft communications can be automated or augmented, but employee relations, hiring judgment, trust, and process design keep the role human-centered.
- Pressure
- 44
- Automation
- 35%
- Wage risk
- 36
Software Developers
Code generation changes the junior task bundle, but architecture, debugging, security, product judgment, and system ownership keep the role augmentation-heavy.
- Pressure
- 39
- Automation
- 29%
- Wage risk
- 24
Sales Representatives, Wholesale and Manufacturing
Lead research, outreach drafts, and CRM updates are augmentable, but territory knowledge, negotiation, trust, and account strategy remain central.
- Pressure
- 38
- Automation
- 28%
- Wage risk
- 39
Project Management Specialists
Status reporting, meeting summaries, dependency tracking, and draft plans are strong augmentation cases. Human negotiation, sequencing, tradeoff calls, and stakeholder trust remain the core value.
- Pressure
- 37
- Automation
- 22%
- Wage risk
- 30
Medical Assistants
Scheduling, chart preparation, and patient messaging can be augmented. Hands-on care, rooming patients, vital signs, specimen handling, and local clinical protocols keep the role comparatively resilient.
- Pressure
- 34
- Automation
- 18%
- Wage risk
- 50
Machinists
Physical production limits pure software substitution, while setup optimization, maintenance planning, and quality analytics can augment skilled operators.
- Pressure
- 31
- Automation
- 22%
- Wage risk
- 52
Information Security Analysts
Alert triage, report drafting, detection tuning, and policy review can be accelerated by AI. Accountability, incident command, adversarial reasoning, and environment-specific context keep the role resilient.
- Pressure
- 28
- Automation
- 24%
- Wage risk
- 20
Registered Nurses
Documentation and administrative follow-up can change quickly, but hands-on care, clinical judgment, licensing, and patient trust constrain direct replacement.
- Pressure
- 18
- Automation
- 13%
- Wage risk
- 28
Elementary School Teachers
Lesson prep, differentiated materials, and feedback loops are augmentable. Classroom management, care, student relationships, and local accountability remain central.
- Pressure
- 16
- Automation
- 10%
- Wage risk
- 44
Electricians
Hands-on installation, safety, code compliance, and field troubleshooting make direct AI replacement unlikely, while estimating, diagnostics, and documentation can improve with tools.
- Pressure
- 12
- Automation
- 7%
- Wage risk
- 22